Sustainable Production of New-Graded Bitumen with Waste Styrofoam Modification

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1, 38 - 45, 31.03.2022

İslam Gokalp

https://doi.org/10.30516/bilgesci.1057098

Öz

Styrofoam is a recyclable petroleum origin product. However, releasing it and/or its waste into nature causes permanent damage to environment and human health owing to toxic materials that it contains. This study was set out on sustainable recycling of waste styrofoam (WS). To recycle the waste, it is used as a modifier in bitumen. In this respect, three type of bitumen in different penetration grade, which are one used for modification the other two used for reference in optimization analysis and WS in five different rate ranging from 1% to 5% by weight of bitumen were utilized. Different conventional test methods were applied on each samples to identify the effect of WS rate on bitumen basic characteristics. Optimum rate of WS required to produce new grade bitumen was evaluated based on modification index found for all test results. The test results showed that WS modification changes the bitumen properties, significantly. It can be possible to produce new graded bitumen using certain rate of WS. Test method was found a critique factor, since optimum rate of WS considered based on modification index changes due to the test method. Overall, the recycling WS using as a modifier in bitumen can an alternative, energy efficient, economic, and eco-friendly method.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Sustainability, recycling, waste, Styrofoam, bitumen, modification

Kaynakça

• Al-Haydari, I.S.J. and Masued, G.G., 2017. Benefit of using Expanded Polystyrene Packaging Material to Improve Pavement Mixture Properties. Applied Research Journal, 3(11): 332-342.
• Anonymous, 2019. What is Sustainability? The University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA).
• Awoyera, P. and Adesina, A., 2020. Plastic wastes to construction products: Status, limitations and future perspective. Case Studies in Construction Materials, 12: e00330. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2020.e00330
• Ayse, K. and Filiz, K., 2016. Properties of concrete containing waste expanded polystyrene and natural resin. Construction and building materials, 105: 572-578. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.12.177
• Baker, M.B., Abendeh, R., Abu-Salem, Z. and Khedaywi, T., 2016. Production of sustainable asphalt mixes using recycled polystyrene. International Journal of Applied Environmental Sciences, 11(1): 183-192.
• Chung, S.-s. and Lo, C.W., (2003). Evaluating sustainability in waste management: the case of construction and demolition, chemical and clinical wastes in Hong Kong. Resources, conservation and recycling, 37(2): 119-145. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921-3449(02)00075-7
• Dev, S.M. and Sengupta, R., (2020). Covid-19: Impact on the Indian economy. Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research, Mumbai April.
• Grinnell, A., (1996). Structural insulated panels produced from recycled Expanded-Polystrene (EPS) foam scrap. Final report, New York State Energy Research and Development Authority, Albany, NY (United States)
• Hart, S.L., (1997). Beyond greening: strategies for a sustainable world. Harvard business review, 75(1): 66-77.
• LaGrega, M.D., Buckingham, P.L. and Evans, J.C., (2010). Hazardous waste management. Waveland Press.
• Nassar, I., Kabel, K. and Ibrahim, I., (2012). Evaluation of the effect of waste polystyrene on performance of asphalt binder. ARPN Journal of Science and Technology, 2(10): 927-935.
• Nciri, N., Shin, T. and Cho, N., (2020). Towards the Use of Waste Expanded Polystyrene as Potential Modifier for Flexible Road Pavements. Materials Today: Proceedings, 24: 763-771. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.04.384
• Ngugi, H.N., Kaluli, J.W. and Abiero-Gariy, Z., (2017). Use of expanded polystyrene technology and materials recycling for building construction in Kenya. American Journal of Engineering and Technology Management, 2(5): 64-71. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajetm.20170205.12
• Norton, B., (1992). Sustainability, human welfare, and ecosystem health. Environmental values: 97-111. https://doi.org/10.3197/096327192776680133
• Oliveira, L.B., de Araujo, M.S.M., Rosa, L.P., Barata, M. and La Rovere, E.L., (2008). Analysis of the sustainability of using wastes in the Brazilian power industry. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 12(3): 883-890. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2006.10.013
• Ramadan, K.Z., Al-Khateeb, G.G. and Taamneh, M.M., (2020). Mechanical properties of styrofoam-modified asphalt binders. International Journal of Pavement Research and Technology, 13(2): 205-211. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42947-019-0102-4
• Reed, S.C., Crites, R.W. and Middlebrooks, E.J., (1995). Natural systems for waste management and treatment. McGraw-Hill, Inc.
• Sikdar, S.K., (2003). Sustainable development and sustainability metrics. AIChE journal, 49(8): 1928-1932. https://doi.org/10.1002/aic.690490802
• Singh, R.K., Murty, H.R., Gupta, S.K. and Dikshit, A.K., (2012). An overview of sustainability assessment methodologies. Ecological indicators, 15(1): 281-299. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2008.05.011
• Skamnelos, A., Alberto M., Nikolaos Ls, Lloyd C., Edward J. D., (2020) Endoscopy during the COVID-19 pandemic: simple construction of a single-use, disposable face shield using inexpensive and readily available materials. VideoGIE 5, No. 9 399-401. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vgie.2020.04.005
• Thakur, S., Verma, A., Sharma, B., Chaudhary, J., Tamulevicius, S. and Thakur, V.K., (2018). Recent developments in recycling of polystyrene based plastics. Current Opinion in Green and Sustainable Chemistry, 13: 32-38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogsc.2018.03.01
• Thomas, K. and Rahman, P., (2006). Brewery wastes. Strategies for sustainability. A review. Aspects of Applied Biology, 80.
• Tonelli, F., Evans, S. and Taticchi, P., (2013). Industrial sustainability: challenges, perspectives, actions. International Journal of Business Innovation and Research, 7(2): 143-163. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJBIR.2013.052576
• Tseng, M.-L., Tan, R.R., Chiu, A.S., Chien, C.-F. and Kuo, T.C., (2018). Circular economy meets industry 4.0: can big data drive industrial symbiosis? Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 131: 146-147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2017.12.028