Entegrasyondan Asimilasyona ve Zorunlu Göçe: Bulgaristan Komünist Partisi’nin Türk Azınlık Siyasetinin Bir Değerlendirmesi

Yıl 2022, , 31 - 58, 27.10.2022

Ivo Kirilov Ivanov Murat Önsoy

https://doi.org/10.12995/bilig.10302

Öz

Bulgaristan’da komünizmin iktidara gelişinden Stalinist dönemin sonuna kadar geçen sürede azınlıklara yönelik yasal düzenlemeler sosyalist enternasyonalizm ilkelerinin etkisi altında şekillenmiş,
Bulgaristan vatandaşları arasında sınıfsal dayanışma bilincinin geliştirilmesi amacıyla etnik ve kültürel farklılıkların muhafaza edilmesi öngörülmüştür. Gerçekte ise, azınlıklara sağlanan anayasal
güvenceler ve verilen sözler, modern sosyalist toplum ve kimlik inşası uğruna, görmezden gelinmiştir. Stalinizm sonrası dönemde ise komünist ortodoksiden milliyetçiliğe doğru gerçekleşen ideolojik kayışın da etkisiyle ayrımcı politikalarda artış yaşanmış. Devlet eliyle sürdürülen ayrımcı politikalar Bulgaristan’daki etnik azınlıklar içinde en kalabalık ve kültürel farkındalığı en yüksek azınlık olan Türkler için geniş kapsamlı sonuçlar doğurmuştur. Sosyalist dönem boyunca Bulgar toplumunun yabancı bir unsuru olarak algılanan Türk azınlık, devletin entegrasyonist/asimilasyonist politikalarının öncelikli hedefi olmuş, istenilen sonuçlar alınamadığında ise Bulgaristan’dan zorla göç ettirilmiştir. Bu makale, devlet sosyalizmi döneminde Bulgar Komünist Partisi’nin Türk azınlığa dayattığı ayrımcı politika ve uygulamaları ele almakta ve sonuçlarını incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Türk Azınlık, Bulgaristan Komünist Partisi, entegrasyon, asimilasyon, yeniden doğuş süreci

From Integration to Assimilation and Forced Migration: An Evaluation of the Bulgarian Communist Party’s Turkish Minority Policy

Öz

Minority regulations in Bulgaria from the communist takeover to the end of the Stalinist era were shaped under the influence of socialist internationalist policies, which envisaged the preservation of ethnic and cultural differences for generating class solidarity among the Bulgarian citizens. However, in practice, the constitutional safeguards and promises given to them were often ignored by the state for the sake of constructing a modern socialist society. The discrimination increased further during the post-Stalinist years in parallel with the regime’s ideological shift away from communist orthodoxy towards nationalism. The statesponsored discriminatory policies had far-reaching consequences for the Turks, the largest and most culturally aware of all ethnic minorities. Perceived as an alien element of the Bulgarian society, throughout the entire socialist period, Turkish minority was subjected to integrationist/assimilationist policies and forcibly expelled from the country at times when these policies did not produce the desired results. This article focuses on the discriminatory policies and practices forced upon the Turkish minority by the Bulgarian Communist Party during the era of state socialism, and intends to inquire into their results.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Turkish Minority, Bulgarian Communist Party, integration, assimilation, revival process.

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