Socio-economic and Environmental Dimensions of the Aral Sea Disaster from the Sustainable Development Perspective

Öz

The Aral Sea Basin environmental disaster has deteriorated the socio-economic and environmental circumstances of the local communities in Central Asia. The main challenges in the basin are water scarcity, food insecurity, health problems and economic contraction. Due to irresponsible use of water resources during the Soviet period and current climate change, the water body of the Aral Sea has decreased to the lowest level. This article aims to analyze the socio-economic and ecological impacts of environmental degradation in the Aral Basin from a sustainable development perspective which encompasses social, economic, and environmental dimensions. Moreover, several regional and international recuperation efforts were examined as examples of possible sustainable solutions. The contribution of this article to the literature is the assessment of the selected Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) performances of the basin countries located in Central Asia.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Aral Sea
• sustainable development
• SDGs
• environment
• socio-economic impacts
• cooperation

Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Perspektifinden Aral Denizi Felaketinin Sosyoekonomik ve Çevresel Boyutları

Öz

Aral Denizi havzasında yaşanan çevresel felaket, Orta Asya’daki yerel toplulukların sosyoekonomik ve çevresel koşullarını derinden etkilemiştir. Aral Denizi havzasındaki başlıca zorluklar su kıtlığı, gıda güvensizliği, sağlık sorunları ve ekonomik daralmadır. Sovyetler Birliği döneminde su kaynaklarının sorumsuzca kullanılması ve günümüzde iklim değişikliği nedeniyle Aral Denizi’nin su kütlesi dramatik bir şekilde en düşük seviyeye inmiştir. Bu makale, Aral Denizi havzasındaki çevresel bozulmanın sosyoekonomik ve ekolojik etkilerini sosyal, ekonomik ve çevresel boyutları kapsayan sürdürülebilir kalkınma perspektifinden analiz etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Ayrıca, bazı bölgesel ve uluslararası iyileştirme çabaları, olası sürdürülebilir çözümlere örnek olarak incelenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, bu makalenin literatüre katkısı, Orta Asya’da yer alan Aral Denizi havza ülkelerinin seçilmiş Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları (SKA) performanslarının değerlendirilmesidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Aral Denizi
• sürdürülebilir kalkınma
• SKA
• çevre
• sosyoekonomik etkiler
• iş birliği

Kaynakça

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