Sınıftaki Rakip Söylemler: Berlin’de Türkçe Öğretimi

Öz

Berlin’de Türkçe eğitimi 1980’lerde, okul çağına gelen göç- men çocuklarının sayısının artmasıyla birlikte başlamıştır. Türk nüfusun yoğun olduğu mahallelerde bulunan çeşitli dü- zeydeki okullarda Türkçe seçmeli dil dersi olarak günümüze kadar okutulagelmiştir. Bunun yanında, bazı okullarda orta öğretim bitirme sınavları (MSA) ve üniversiteye hazırlık programlarında (Abitur) Türkçe diğer yabancı dillerle birlikte alan seçeneklerinden birini oluşturmaktadır. Bu makalede Kreuzberg semtinde bulunan ve nüfusunun büyük bir bölümünü Türk kökenli öğrencilerin oluşturduğu bir lisenin 9. sınıf Türkçe derslerinde yapılan etnografik bir araştırmaya yer verilmektedir. Makalenin hedefi söz konusu derslerde öne çıkan iki temel söylemi incelemektir: standart Türkçe söylemi ve Osmanlı Türkçesi söylemi. Bu söylemlerin sınıfta nasıl oluşturulup kullanıldığı mikroetnografik bir analiz yöntemi aracılığıyla gösterilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Çokdillilik, sınıf söylemi, Avrupa’da Türkçe eğitimi, dilbilimsel etnografi, konuşma analizi

Competing Discourses in the Classroom: Turkish Instruction in Berlin

Öz

Turkish instruction has entered the school system in Berlin in the 1980s as a response to the increase in the school-age children within the Turkish community. In neighborhoods with a high population of Turkish residents, schools at various levels have come to offer Turkish as an elective foreign language. Moreover, Turkish is offered as one of the subjects on the secondary school finishing exams (MSA) and beyond that, the university prep programs (Abitur) in some high schools. My focus in this paper is one such school in the district of Kreuzberg, with an overwhelming majority of its student body Turkish in descent. Reporting on classroom ethnography in a 9th grade Turkish class, I focus on two major discourses in circulation: the standard Turkish discourse and the Ottoman Turkish discourse. Through microethnographic analysis, I demonstrate how these discourses are constructed, enacted, and received in the Turkish classroom.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Multilingualism, classroom discourse, Turkish education in Europe, linguistic ethnography, interactional analysis

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