Reel Politika ve Cihad: Necmeddin İlgazi’nin Erken Dönem Haçlı Devletleri ile İlişkileri

Öz

Bu çalışma, Mardin ve Halep’in Artuklu emiri Necmeddin İlgazi’nin Haçlı devletlerine karşı politikalarını değerlendirmektedir. Literatürde İlgazi’ye çoğunlukla hasbelkader Antakya Haçlılarına karşı bir zafer kazandıktan sonra bu büyük fırsatı kaçırmış, geri kalan zamanını ikincil önemde işler ve maceralarla boşa geçirmiş bir emir gözüyle bakılmaktadır. Diğer yandan da gerek bu nedenle, gerekse de Haçlılarla işbirliğini de içeren, kendi menfaat ve bağımsızlığını muhafazaya dönük politikası nedeniyle yaptığının cihad olduğu reddedilmektedir. Bu çalışmada önce olayların üzerinden giderek emirin stratejilerinin baştan sona tutarlı ve belli pratik hedeflere dönük olduğu, Antakya’yı almaya teşebbüs etmemesinin de vizyonsuzluktan ziyade akılcı bir stratejiden kaynaklandığı gösterilmektedir. Makalenin ikinci kısmındaysa İlgazi her ne kadar pratik ve çıkarlarını gözeten bir politika izlemiş ve yeri geldikçe Haçlılarla işbirliği yapmış olsa da onlarla çatışmalarını yine de cihad olarak görmüş ve göstermiş olabileceği sergilenmekte, asıl onun ve izleyicisi Türkmenlerin kendi yaptıklarına ne gözle baktığının önemli olduğu vurgulanmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• İlgazi, Artuklular, Mardin, Halep, Haçlılar, Haçlı Devletleri, cihad, gaza

Realpolitik and Jihād: Najm al-Dīn Ilghāzī’s Relations with the Early Crusader States

Öz

This study evaluates the policies of the Artukid emir of Mardin and Aleppo, Najm al-Dīn Ilghāzī, against the Crusader states. In the literature, Ilghāzī is commonly regarded as an emir who won a victory against the Franks of Antioch, but then wasted the golden opportunity to take it for lack of vision. On the other hand, on account of this policy that was directed at preserving his interests and included collaborating with Franks, it is rejected that his clashes with them could be regarded as jihād. This study first shows that the emir’s strategies were consistent and directed at certain practical aims from the start, and that his “failure” to attempt taking Antioch stemmed from a judicious strategy. The second part argues that although Ilghāzī thus applied a pragmatic policy and sometimes collaborated with the Franks, this did not necessarily prevent him from regarding his clashes with them as jihād

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Ilghāzī, Artukids, Mardin, Aleppo, Franks, Crusader States, jihād, ghazā

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