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Comparing Bulgarian and Greek Policies for the Integration of Turkish/Muslim Minorities: The Cold War Period

Yıl 2019, , 21 - 41, 30.07.2019
https://doi.org/10.12995/bilig.9002

Öz

Comparing political approaches toward Turkish/Muslim minorities in Bulgaria and Greece became a necessity in order to examine the integration of minority groups under different conditions. This study focuses on the policies of integration of ethnic/religious minorities in Bulgaria and Greece during the Cold War period, studies various methodologies adopted by the communist rule in Bulgaria and the liberal democratic rule in Greece. Since Turkish/Muslim minorities in Bulgaria and Greece claim Turkey as their kin-state, the study partially reflects the perception of minority groups by the majority. Several factors such as educational policies, religion and political approaches to integrate minorities have been evaluated in order to give an overview on the peculiarities and similarities in both cases that are compared. There is detailed analysis also on the issue of national identities and how their conditionality has been defined with the co-existence of minority groups in Bulgaria and in Greece.

Kaynakça

  • Anagnostou, Dia (2001). “Breaking the Cycle of Nationalism: The EU, Regional Policy and the Minority of Western Thrace, Greece”. South European Society and Politics 6 (1): 99-124.
  • Anagnostou, Dia and Ruby Gropas (2010). “Domesticating Islam and Muslim Immigrants: Political and Church Responses to Constructing a Central Mosque in Athens”. Orthodox Christianity in 21st Century Greece: The Role of Religion in Culture, Ethnicity and Politics. Eds. Victor Roudometof & Vasilios N. Makrides. Surrey, Ashgate.
  • Anderson, John (2010). “The Treatment of Religious Minorities in South-Eastern Europe: Greece and Bulgaria Compared”. Religion, State and Society 30 (1): 9-31.
  • Archives of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, Bulgaria: AMVR, F. 22, o. 1, a. e. 231. l. 94-104, 1984.
  • Baeva, Iskra and Evgenia Kalinova (2010). “Bulgarian Turks During the Transition Period”. Bulgaria and Europe: Shifting Identities. Ed. Stefanos Katsikas. London, Anthem Press.
  • Baş, Hakan (2005). Unutulan Batı Trakya Türkleri. Izmir: Umay Yay.
  • Batı Trakya Millet Gazetesi. http://milletgazetesi.gr/view.php?nid=1529#.UURoy9ZPiQB (access: 16/10/2014).
  • Benincasa, Luciana (with Olga Karavia and Despina Skoulariki) (2004). “The Greek State, the Muslim Minority of Western Thrace and Education: Shifts Under Way?”. Educational Strategies Among Muslims in the Context of Globalization: Some National Case Studies. Eds. Holger Daun and Geoffrey Walford. Leiden, Brill.
  • Capotorti, Francesco (1991). Study on the Rights of Persons Belonging to Ethnic, Religious and Linguistic Minorities. New York, United Nations. Decision of the Politburo of Central Committee of Bulgarian Communist Party, TsDA, F. 1B, op. 67, a. e. 3090, l. 7-31, 1984.
  • Greek Constitution. http://www.hellenicparliament.gr/UserFiles/f3c70a23-7696-49db-9148-f24dce6a27c8/001-156%20aggliko.pdf (access: 18/01/2014).
  • Grigoriadis, Ioannis N. (2011). “Redefining the Nation: Shifting Boundaries of the ‘Other’ in Greece and Turkey”. Middle Eastern Studies 47 (1): 167-182.
  • Hirschon, Renee (2009). “History’s Long Shadow: The Lausanne Treaty and Contemporary Greco-Turkish Relations”. In the Long Shadow of Europe: Greeks and Turks in the Era of Postnationalism. Ed. Othon Anastasakis, Kalypso Nikolaidis and Kerem Oktem. Leiden, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers.
  • Kandylaki, Agapi (2005). “Social Work Practice in Multicultural Settings: A Pilot Study in Thrace, Greece”. South European Society and Politics 10 (3): 433-450.
  • Kemp, Walter A. (1999). Nationalism and Communism in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union. Basingstoke, Macmillan.
  • Kosseva, Maya, Antonina Zhelyazkova and Marko Hajdinjak (2011). “European Dilemmas and Identity Construction on the Bulgarian Path to Modernity”. Europe, Nations and Modernity. Ed. Atsuko Ichijo. Basingstoke, Palgrave and Macmillan.
  • Kravva, Vasiliki (2003). “The Construction of Otherness in Modern Greece”. The Ethics of Anthropology: Debates and Dilemmas. Ed. Pat Caplan. London, Routledge.
  • Kymlicka, Will (2004). “Justice and Security in the Accommodation of Minority Nationalism”. Ethnicity, Nationalism and Minority Rights. Eds. Stephen May Tariq Modood and Judith Squires. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
  • Maschonas, Andreas (1997). “European Integration and the Prospects of Modernization in Greece”. Journal of Modern Greek Studies 15 (2): 325-348.
  • Radev, Ivan (1992). “Hronologiya na Edna Istina”. Zora. 4 August. (Newspaper).
  • Raikin, Spas T. (1988). “The Bulgarian Orthodox Church”. Eastern Christianity and Politics in the Twentieth Century. Ed. Pedro Ramet. Durham: Duke University Press.
  • Ragaru, Nadege (2001). “Islam in Post-Communist Bulgaria: An Aborted “Clash of Civilizations”?”. Nationalities Papers 29 (2): 293-324.
  • Şimşir, Bilal N. (1988). The Turks of Bulgaria (1878-1985). London: K. Rustem & Brother.
  • “The Turks of Western Thrace” (1999). Human Rights Watch 11 (1).
  • Tsitselikis, Konstantinos (b) (2012). Old and New Islam in Greece: From Historical Minorities to Immigrant Newcomers. Leiden, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers.
  • Zachos, Dimitrios (2009). “Citizenship, Ethnicity, and Education in Modern Greece”. Journal of Modern Greek Studies 27: 131-155.

Bulgaristan ve Yunanistan’ın Müslüman- Türk Azınlığın Entegrasyonuna Yönelik Politikalarının Karşılaştırmalı İncelemesi: Soğuk Savaş Dönemi

Yıl 2019, , 21 - 41, 30.07.2019
https://doi.org/10.12995/bilig.9002

Öz

Bulgaristan ve Yunanistan’daki Türk azınlıklara yönelik politikaların karşılaştırılması, farklı koşullardaki azınlık gruplarının entegrasyonuyla ilgili durumun incelenmesini gerekli hale getirmiştir. Bu çalışmanın konusu, Soğuk Savaş döneminde Bulgaristan’daki Komünist yönetim ve Yunanistan’daki Liberal Demokrat yönetimin Müslüman-Türk azınlığın entegrasyonuna yönelik benimsediği farklı yöntemlerin değerlendirilmesidir. Bulgaristan ve Yunanistan’daki Müslüman-Türk azınlığın Türkiye’yi anavatanları olarak görmesi nedeniyle, bu çalışma, aynı zamanda o ülkelerdeki çoğunluğun azınlık mensuplarıyla ilişkisini farklı bir açıdan incelemektedir. Türklerin entegrasyonuna yönelik eğitim politikaları, dini ve siyasal yaklaşımlar değerlendirilerek her iki ülkedeki Türklere siyasal sistemlerin etkisinde yapılan muamele karşılaştırılmıştır. Bu çerçevede milli kimlik olgusu kullanılarak, Türk azınlığa tanınan hakların sosyal bağlamda azınlığın kendi kimliğini koruma ve kültürünü geliştirme konusunda nasıl katkı sağladığı veya ne tür sorunlar yarattığı analiz edilmiştir.

Kaynakça

  • Anagnostou, Dia (2001). “Breaking the Cycle of Nationalism: The EU, Regional Policy and the Minority of Western Thrace, Greece”. South European Society and Politics 6 (1): 99-124.
  • Anagnostou, Dia and Ruby Gropas (2010). “Domesticating Islam and Muslim Immigrants: Political and Church Responses to Constructing a Central Mosque in Athens”. Orthodox Christianity in 21st Century Greece: The Role of Religion in Culture, Ethnicity and Politics. Eds. Victor Roudometof & Vasilios N. Makrides. Surrey, Ashgate.
  • Anderson, John (2010). “The Treatment of Religious Minorities in South-Eastern Europe: Greece and Bulgaria Compared”. Religion, State and Society 30 (1): 9-31.
  • Archives of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, Bulgaria: AMVR, F. 22, o. 1, a. e. 231. l. 94-104, 1984.
  • Baeva, Iskra and Evgenia Kalinova (2010). “Bulgarian Turks During the Transition Period”. Bulgaria and Europe: Shifting Identities. Ed. Stefanos Katsikas. London, Anthem Press.
  • Baş, Hakan (2005). Unutulan Batı Trakya Türkleri. Izmir: Umay Yay.
  • Batı Trakya Millet Gazetesi. http://milletgazetesi.gr/view.php?nid=1529#.UURoy9ZPiQB (access: 16/10/2014).
  • Benincasa, Luciana (with Olga Karavia and Despina Skoulariki) (2004). “The Greek State, the Muslim Minority of Western Thrace and Education: Shifts Under Way?”. Educational Strategies Among Muslims in the Context of Globalization: Some National Case Studies. Eds. Holger Daun and Geoffrey Walford. Leiden, Brill.
  • Capotorti, Francesco (1991). Study on the Rights of Persons Belonging to Ethnic, Religious and Linguistic Minorities. New York, United Nations. Decision of the Politburo of Central Committee of Bulgarian Communist Party, TsDA, F. 1B, op. 67, a. e. 3090, l. 7-31, 1984.
  • Greek Constitution. http://www.hellenicparliament.gr/UserFiles/f3c70a23-7696-49db-9148-f24dce6a27c8/001-156%20aggliko.pdf (access: 18/01/2014).
  • Grigoriadis, Ioannis N. (2011). “Redefining the Nation: Shifting Boundaries of the ‘Other’ in Greece and Turkey”. Middle Eastern Studies 47 (1): 167-182.
  • Hirschon, Renee (2009). “History’s Long Shadow: The Lausanne Treaty and Contemporary Greco-Turkish Relations”. In the Long Shadow of Europe: Greeks and Turks in the Era of Postnationalism. Ed. Othon Anastasakis, Kalypso Nikolaidis and Kerem Oktem. Leiden, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers.
  • Kandylaki, Agapi (2005). “Social Work Practice in Multicultural Settings: A Pilot Study in Thrace, Greece”. South European Society and Politics 10 (3): 433-450.
  • Kemp, Walter A. (1999). Nationalism and Communism in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union. Basingstoke, Macmillan.
  • Kosseva, Maya, Antonina Zhelyazkova and Marko Hajdinjak (2011). “European Dilemmas and Identity Construction on the Bulgarian Path to Modernity”. Europe, Nations and Modernity. Ed. Atsuko Ichijo. Basingstoke, Palgrave and Macmillan.
  • Kravva, Vasiliki (2003). “The Construction of Otherness in Modern Greece”. The Ethics of Anthropology: Debates and Dilemmas. Ed. Pat Caplan. London, Routledge.
  • Kymlicka, Will (2004). “Justice and Security in the Accommodation of Minority Nationalism”. Ethnicity, Nationalism and Minority Rights. Eds. Stephen May Tariq Modood and Judith Squires. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
  • Maschonas, Andreas (1997). “European Integration and the Prospects of Modernization in Greece”. Journal of Modern Greek Studies 15 (2): 325-348.
  • Radev, Ivan (1992). “Hronologiya na Edna Istina”. Zora. 4 August. (Newspaper).
  • Raikin, Spas T. (1988). “The Bulgarian Orthodox Church”. Eastern Christianity and Politics in the Twentieth Century. Ed. Pedro Ramet. Durham: Duke University Press.
  • Ragaru, Nadege (2001). “Islam in Post-Communist Bulgaria: An Aborted “Clash of Civilizations”?”. Nationalities Papers 29 (2): 293-324.
  • Şimşir, Bilal N. (1988). The Turks of Bulgaria (1878-1985). London: K. Rustem & Brother.
  • “The Turks of Western Thrace” (1999). Human Rights Watch 11 (1).
  • Tsitselikis, Konstantinos (b) (2012). Old and New Islam in Greece: From Historical Minorities to Immigrant Newcomers. Leiden, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers.
  • Zachos, Dimitrios (2009). “Citizenship, Ethnicity, and Education in Modern Greece”. Journal of Modern Greek Studies 27: 131-155.
Toplam 25 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Nuri Korkmaz 0000-0003-3829-6057

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Temmuz 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019

Kaynak Göster

APA Korkmaz, N. (2019). Comparing Bulgarian and Greek Policies for the Integration of Turkish/Muslim Minorities: The Cold War Period. Bilig(90), 21-41. https://doi.org/10.12995/bilig.9002
AMA Korkmaz N. Comparing Bulgarian and Greek Policies for the Integration of Turkish/Muslim Minorities: The Cold War Period. Bilig. Temmuz 2019;(90):21-41. doi:10.12995/bilig.9002
Chicago Korkmaz, Nuri. “Comparing Bulgarian and Greek Policies for the Integration of Turkish/Muslim Minorities: The Cold War Period”. Bilig, sy. 90 (Temmuz 2019): 21-41. https://doi.org/10.12995/bilig.9002.
EndNote Korkmaz N (01 Temmuz 2019) Comparing Bulgarian and Greek Policies for the Integration of Turkish/Muslim Minorities: The Cold War Period. Bilig 90 21–41.
IEEE N. Korkmaz, “Comparing Bulgarian and Greek Policies for the Integration of Turkish/Muslim Minorities: The Cold War Period”, Bilig, sy. 90, ss. 21–41, Temmuz 2019, doi: 10.12995/bilig.9002.
ISNAD Korkmaz, Nuri. “Comparing Bulgarian and Greek Policies for the Integration of Turkish/Muslim Minorities: The Cold War Period”. Bilig 90 (Temmuz 2019), 21-41. https://doi.org/10.12995/bilig.9002.
JAMA Korkmaz N. Comparing Bulgarian and Greek Policies for the Integration of Turkish/Muslim Minorities: The Cold War Period. Bilig. 2019;:21–41.
MLA Korkmaz, Nuri. “Comparing Bulgarian and Greek Policies for the Integration of Turkish/Muslim Minorities: The Cold War Period”. Bilig, sy. 90, 2019, ss. 21-41, doi:10.12995/bilig.9002.
Vancouver Korkmaz N. Comparing Bulgarian and Greek Policies for the Integration of Turkish/Muslim Minorities: The Cold War Period. Bilig. 2019(90):21-4.

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