Ekonomik Rehabilitasyon Süreci ve Yatırım Çevresi: Bosna Hersek Örneği

Yıl 2015, Sayı: 74, 97 - 123, 01.06.2015

Ümit Hacıoğlu Hasan Dinçer İ.Erkan Çelik

Öz

Bosna Hersek'te Dayton Antlaşması’nın(1995) hemen ardından, ülkenin ekonomik altyapısı ve varlıklarının % 90'ı tahrip edilirken Dünya Bankası tahminlerine göre, bunun yaklaşık maliyeti 20 Milyar $ civarındadır. Savaş sonu işsizlik oranı % 90’a ulaşmıştır. Dünya Bankası ve uluslararası sivil toplum kuruluşlarının (STK) bölgede aktif rol almalarıyla beraber, yeniden yapılanma sürecinde hızlı büyümeyle bu oran %30 civarına gerilemiştir. Çatışma doğası itibari ile yatırım iklimi ve ülkelerin refah düzeyini olumsuz etkilemektedir. Ayrıca gelecekte çatışmanın tekrarlama riski ile gelir düzeyindeki zayıflık arasında bir bağ bulunmaktadır. Çatışma bölgesi olan Balkanlarda, özellikle Bosna ve Kosova’da uluslararası askeri önlemler her ne kadar kısa süreli barış ve istikrarı sağlamış olsa da, uzun süreli güvenlik ve barış ortamı ancak etkin bir ekonomik yeniden yapılanma sürecine bağlı kalmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Bosna Hersek’in Ekonomik iyileşme süreci ele alınırken, özel kesim için karşılaşılan zorluklar irdelenmiştir. Ayrıca, Dünya Bankası, uluslararası kuruluşlar ve STK’ların bu süreçteki etkinlikleri üzerinde durulmuştur

Anahtar Kelimeler

Çatışma, Ekonomik Yapılanma, Bosna Hersek, Dünya Bankası, Yatırım Çevresi

Investment Climate, Economic Recovery and Reconstruction Process: The Bosnian Case

Öz

Following the Dayton Accord in 1995, Bosnia and Herzegovina’s economic infrastructure and 90% of its assets were destroyed according to World Bank estimates, and the estimated cost of this is about $20 billion. By the end of the war, the unemployment rate reached 90%. The World Bank and Non-governmental Organizations (NGOs) had an active role in the region to restructure the economy, and the unemployment ratio declined to around 30% following rapid economic growth. Studies illustrate that conflict, by its very nature, negatively affects the investment climate and the prosperity of the country. There is also a link between the unsatisfactory income levels and the risk of future conflicts. At conflict areas in the Balkans, international military action ensured short-term peace and stability particularly in Bosnia and Kosovo although long-term security and peace require economic stability and an active economic restructuring. In this study, the economic recovery and restructuring of Bosnia and Herzegovina have been analysed and the difficulties for the private sector are discussed. In addition to this, the contributions of the World Bank and NGOs in the recovery process are evaluated.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Conflict, Economic Recovery, Reconstruction, Bosnia and Herzegovina, World Bank, Investment Climate

Kaynakça

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