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Türkiye ile Orta Asya Türk Cumhuriyetleri Arasındaki Psikolojik Mesafe

Yıl 2014, Sayı: 69, 239 - 262, 01.12.2014

Selay Ilgaz Sümer M. Mithat Üner

Öz

Psikolojik mesafe, işletmelerdeki karar vericilerin faaliyet gösterecekleri ülke pazarlarını seçme sürecinde ve bu pazarlarda uygulanacak stratejileri saptamada önemli bir role sahiptir. Bu çalışma, Türkiye ile Orta Asya Türk Cumhuriyetleri arasındaki ithalat ve ihracat faaliyetlerini incelemek ve ilgili ülkeler arasındaki psikolojik mesafeyi ortaya çıkarmak amacıyla yapılmıştır. Yapılan inceleme sonucunda Türkiye’ye psikolojik mesafe açısından en yakın olan ülkenin Azerbaycan, en uzak olan ülkenin de Türkmenistan olduğu saptanmıştır. Çalışma, Türkiye ile Orta Asya Türk Cumhuriyetleri arasındaki ticari faaliyetleri psikolojik mesafe kavramı açısından ele alarak incelemesinden dolayı, özellikle Türk Dünyası literatürüne katkı sağlayacak bir nitelik taşımaktadır

Anahtar Kelimeler

Türkiye Orta Asya Türk Cumhuriyetleri uluslararasılaşma ithalat ihracat psikolojik mesafe

Kaynakça

  • Alagöz, Mehmet, Sinem Yapar ve Ramazan Uçtu (2004). “Türk Cumhuriyetleri İle İlişkilerimize Ekonomik Açıdan Bir Yaklaşım”. Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 12: 59-74.
  • Andersen, Otto (1993). ‘‘On the Internationalization Process of Firms: A Critical Analysis’’. Journal of International Business Studies 24 (2): 209-231.
  • Azerbaycan’ın Genel Ekonomik Durumu ve Türkiye İle Ekonomik-Ticari İlişkileri, 2011. Bakü Büyükelçiliği Ticaret Müşavirliği.
  • Beckerman, W. (1956). ‘‘Distance and the Pattern of Intra-European Trade’’. The Review of Economics and Statistics 38 (1): 31-40.
  • Benito, Gabriel R. G. ve Geir Gripsrud (1992). “The Expansion of Foreign Direct Investments: Discrete Rational Location Choices Or A Cultural Learning Process?”. Journal of International Business Studies 23 (3): 461- 476.
  • Bilkey, Warren J. (1978). ‘‘An Attempted Integration of the Literature on the Export Behavior of Firms’’. Journal of International Business Studies 9 (1): 33-46.
  • Bilkey, Warren J. ve George Tesar (1977). “The Export Behavior of Smaller-Sized Wisconsin Manufacturing Firms”. Journal of International Business Studies 8 (1): 93-98.
  • Cairncross, Frances (1997). The Death of Distance: How Revolution is Changing Our Lives. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press.
  • Cavusgil, S. Tamer, Gary Knight, John R. Reisenberger (2012). International Business: The New Realities. 2. Baskı, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson.
  • Dow, Douglas ve Sonia Ferencikova (2007). “The Measurement and Impact of Psychic Distance: Testing a New Scale on FDI in Slovakia”. European International Business Academy: Catania. December .
  • Dow, Douglas ve Amal Karunaratna (2006). ‘‘Developing a Multidimensional Instrument to Measure Psychic Distance Stimuli’’. Journal of International Business Studies 37 (5): 578-602.
  • Dünya Atlası 2010. İstanbul: Boyut Yay.
  • Evans, Jody ve Felix T. Mavondo (2002). ‘‘Psychic Distance and Organizational Performance: An Empirical Examination of International Retailing Operations’’. Journal of International Business Studies 33 (3): 515-532.
  • Forsgren, M. (2002). ‘‘The Concept of Learning in the Uppsala Internationalization Process Model: A Critical Review’’. International Business Review 11 (3): 257-277.
  • Gülse Bal, Sibel, Rüştü Yayar, Osman Karkacıer (2009). “Türkiye-Türk Cumhuriyetleri Dış Ticaret İlişkilerine Genel Bir Bakış”. Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Araştırmaları Dergisi 4 (1): 1-23.
  • Hotho, Jasper J. (2009). Internationalization Decisions: The Effects of Country Similarities and Familiarity Perceptions. Doktora Tezi. Hollanda: Groningen Üniversitesi.
  • Ilgaz Sümer, Selay (2011). Uluslararası Pazarlamada Psikolojik Mesafe ve Ürün Stratejileri Arasındaki İlişki: Ampirik Bir Değerlendirme. Doktora Tezi. Ankara: Gazi Üniversitesi.
  • Johanson, Jan ve Jan-Erik Vahlne (1990). ‘‘The Mechanism of Internationalisation’’. International Marketing Review 7 (4): 11-24.
  • _____, (1977). ‘‘The Internationalization Process of the Firm- A Model of Knowledge Development and Increasing Foreign Market Commitments’’. Journal of International Business Studies 8 (1): 23-32.
  • Johanson, Jan ve Finn Wiedersheim-Paul (1975). ‘‘The Internationalization of the Firm-Four Swedish Cases’’. Journal of Management Studies 12 (3): 305-322.
  • Johnson, Debra ve Colin Turner (2003). International Business. London: Routledge.
  • Kazakistan Ülke Raporu, 2012.
  • Kırgızistan’ın Genel Ekonomik Durumu ve Türkiye İle Ekonomik-Ticari İlişkileri, 2011. Bişkek Büyükelçiliği Ticaret Müşavirliği.
  • Knight, Gary A. ve S. Tamer Çavuşgil (1996). ‘‘The Born Global Firm: A Challenge To Traditional Internationalization Theory’’. Advances in International Marketing 8: 11-26.
  • Kogut, Bruce ve Harbir Singh (1988). ‘‘The Effect of National Culture on the Choice of Entry Mode’’. Journal of International Business Studies 19 (3): 411-432.
  • Nordstrom, K.E. ve J.E. Vahlne (1994). “Is the Globe Shrinking? Psychic Distance and the Establishment of Swedish Sales Subsidiaries During the Last 100 Years”, International Trade: Regional and Global Issues. Ed. M. Landeck. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • O’Grady, Shawna ve Henry W. Lane (1996). “The Psychic Distance Paradox”. Journal of International Business Studies 27 (2): 309-333.
  • Ojala, Arto ve Pasi Tyrväinen (2009). ‘‘Impact of Psychic Distance to the Internationalization Behavior of Knowledge-Intensive SMEs’’. European Business Review 21 (3): 263-277.
  • Özbekistan’ın Genel Ekonomik Durumu ve Türkiye İle Ekonomik-Ticari İlişkileri, 2011. Taşkent Büyükelçiliği Ticaret Müşavirliği.
  • Solak, Fahri (2003). “Türkiye-Orta Asya Cumhuriyetleri Dış Ticaret İlişkilerinin Gelişimi”. Marmara Üniversitesi İ.İ.B.F. Dergisi 18 (1): 69-96.
  • Sousa, Carlos M. P. ve Frank Bradley (2005). ‘‘Global Markets: Does Psychic Distance Matter?’’. Journal of Strategic Marketing 13 (1): 43-59.
  • Uzun Kocamış, Tuğçe, Serdar Kuzu ve Emre Aksu (2012). “Orta Asya’daki Ekonomik Gelişmeleri Bağlamında Türkiye’nin Kazakistan İle İlişkilerine Genel Bir Bakış”. International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Almaty, Kazakhstan. 264-267.
  • Wall, Stuart ve Bronwen Rees (2004). International Business. 2. Baskı. London: Prentice Hall.
  • www.geert-hofstede.com/hofstede_dimensions.php [Erişim: 03.02.2011]
  • www.mbs.edu/home/dow/research/ [Erişim: 17.01.2011]
  • www.tuik.gov.tr [Erişim: 20.12.2012]
  • www.wto.org/English/news_e/pres/z-elpr658_e.htm [Erişim: 06.02.2013]

Psychic Distance Between Turkey and Central Asian Turkish Republics

Yıl 2014, Sayı: 69, 239 - 262, 01.12.2014

Selay Ilgaz Sümer M. Mithat Üner

Öz

Psychic distance has an important role in selecting the country
markets and determining the suitable strategies for these markets.
This study was conducted to examine the import and
export activities between Turkey and Central Asian Turkish
Republics and to undertand the psychic distance between
these countries and Turkey. As a result of the investigation it
was found that Azerbaijan is the closest and Turkmenistan is
the farthest country to Turkey. It is believed that the study
will contribute to the literature of the Turkish World by examining
the commercial activities between Turkey and related
countries from the perspective of psychic distance.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Turkey Central Asian Turkish Republics internationalization import export psychic distance

Kaynakça

  • Alagöz, Mehmet, Sinem Yapar ve Ramazan Uçtu (2004). “Türk Cumhuriyetleri İle İlişkilerimize Ekonomik Açıdan Bir Yaklaşım”. Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 12: 59-74.
  • Andersen, Otto (1993). ‘‘On the Internationalization Process of Firms: A Critical Analysis’’. Journal of International Business Studies 24 (2): 209-231.
  • Azerbaycan’ın Genel Ekonomik Durumu ve Türkiye İle Ekonomik-Ticari İlişkileri, 2011. Bakü Büyükelçiliği Ticaret Müşavirliği.
  • Beckerman, W. (1956). ‘‘Distance and the Pattern of Intra-European Trade’’. The Review of Economics and Statistics 38 (1): 31-40.
  • Benito, Gabriel R. G. ve Geir Gripsrud (1992). “The Expansion of Foreign Direct Investments: Discrete Rational Location Choices Or A Cultural Learning Process?”. Journal of International Business Studies 23 (3): 461- 476.
  • Bilkey, Warren J. (1978). ‘‘An Attempted Integration of the Literature on the Export Behavior of Firms’’. Journal of International Business Studies 9 (1): 33-46.
  • Bilkey, Warren J. ve George Tesar (1977). “The Export Behavior of Smaller-Sized Wisconsin Manufacturing Firms”. Journal of International Business Studies 8 (1): 93-98.
  • Cairncross, Frances (1997). The Death of Distance: How Revolution is Changing Our Lives. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press.
  • Cavusgil, S. Tamer, Gary Knight, John R. Reisenberger (2012). International Business: The New Realities. 2. Baskı, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson.
  • Dow, Douglas ve Sonia Ferencikova (2007). “The Measurement and Impact of Psychic Distance: Testing a New Scale on FDI in Slovakia”. European International Business Academy: Catania. December .
  • Dow, Douglas ve Amal Karunaratna (2006). ‘‘Developing a Multidimensional Instrument to Measure Psychic Distance Stimuli’’. Journal of International Business Studies 37 (5): 578-602.
  • Dünya Atlası 2010. İstanbul: Boyut Yay.
  • Evans, Jody ve Felix T. Mavondo (2002). ‘‘Psychic Distance and Organizational Performance: An Empirical Examination of International Retailing Operations’’. Journal of International Business Studies 33 (3): 515-532.
  • Forsgren, M. (2002). ‘‘The Concept of Learning in the Uppsala Internationalization Process Model: A Critical Review’’. International Business Review 11 (3): 257-277.
  • Gülse Bal, Sibel, Rüştü Yayar, Osman Karkacıer (2009). “Türkiye-Türk Cumhuriyetleri Dış Ticaret İlişkilerine Genel Bir Bakış”. Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Araştırmaları Dergisi 4 (1): 1-23.
  • Hotho, Jasper J. (2009). Internationalization Decisions: The Effects of Country Similarities and Familiarity Perceptions. Doktora Tezi. Hollanda: Groningen Üniversitesi.
  • Ilgaz Sümer, Selay (2011). Uluslararası Pazarlamada Psikolojik Mesafe ve Ürün Stratejileri Arasındaki İlişki: Ampirik Bir Değerlendirme. Doktora Tezi. Ankara: Gazi Üniversitesi.
  • Johanson, Jan ve Jan-Erik Vahlne (1990). ‘‘The Mechanism of Internationalisation’’. International Marketing Review 7 (4): 11-24.
  • _____, (1977). ‘‘The Internationalization Process of the Firm- A Model of Knowledge Development and Increasing Foreign Market Commitments’’. Journal of International Business Studies 8 (1): 23-32.
  • Johanson, Jan ve Finn Wiedersheim-Paul (1975). ‘‘The Internationalization of the Firm-Four Swedish Cases’’. Journal of Management Studies 12 (3): 305-322.
  • Johnson, Debra ve Colin Turner (2003). International Business. London: Routledge.
  • Kazakistan Ülke Raporu, 2012.
  • Kırgızistan’ın Genel Ekonomik Durumu ve Türkiye İle Ekonomik-Ticari İlişkileri, 2011. Bişkek Büyükelçiliği Ticaret Müşavirliği.
  • Knight, Gary A. ve S. Tamer Çavuşgil (1996). ‘‘The Born Global Firm: A Challenge To Traditional Internationalization Theory’’. Advances in International Marketing 8: 11-26.
  • Kogut, Bruce ve Harbir Singh (1988). ‘‘The Effect of National Culture on the Choice of Entry Mode’’. Journal of International Business Studies 19 (3): 411-432.
  • Nordstrom, K.E. ve J.E. Vahlne (1994). “Is the Globe Shrinking? Psychic Distance and the Establishment of Swedish Sales Subsidiaries During the Last 100 Years”, International Trade: Regional and Global Issues. Ed. M. Landeck. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • O’Grady, Shawna ve Henry W. Lane (1996). “The Psychic Distance Paradox”. Journal of International Business Studies 27 (2): 309-333.
  • Ojala, Arto ve Pasi Tyrväinen (2009). ‘‘Impact of Psychic Distance to the Internationalization Behavior of Knowledge-Intensive SMEs’’. European Business Review 21 (3): 263-277.
  • Özbekistan’ın Genel Ekonomik Durumu ve Türkiye İle Ekonomik-Ticari İlişkileri, 2011. Taşkent Büyükelçiliği Ticaret Müşavirliği.
  • Solak, Fahri (2003). “Türkiye-Orta Asya Cumhuriyetleri Dış Ticaret İlişkilerinin Gelişimi”. Marmara Üniversitesi İ.İ.B.F. Dergisi 18 (1): 69-96.
  • Sousa, Carlos M. P. ve Frank Bradley (2005). ‘‘Global Markets: Does Psychic Distance Matter?’’. Journal of Strategic Marketing 13 (1): 43-59.
  • Uzun Kocamış, Tuğçe, Serdar Kuzu ve Emre Aksu (2012). “Orta Asya’daki Ekonomik Gelişmeleri Bağlamında Türkiye’nin Kazakistan İle İlişkilerine Genel Bir Bakış”. International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Almaty, Kazakhstan. 264-267.
  • Wall, Stuart ve Bronwen Rees (2004). International Business. 2. Baskı. London: Prentice Hall.
  • www.geert-hofstede.com/hofstede_dimensions.php [Erişim: 03.02.2011]
  • www.mbs.edu/home/dow/research/ [Erişim: 17.01.2011]
  • www.tuik.gov.tr [Erişim: 20.12.2012]
  • www.wto.org/English/news_e/pres/z-elpr658_e.htm [Erişim: 06.02.2013]
Toplam 37 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Diğer ID JA68NC56CS
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Selay Ilgaz Sümer Bu kişi benim

M. Mithat Üner Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Aralık 2014
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2014 Sayı: 69

Kaynak Göster

APA Ilgaz Sümer, S., & Üner, M. M. (2014). Psychic Distance Between Turkey and Central Asian Turkish Republics. Bilig(69), 239-262.
AMA Ilgaz Sümer S, Üner MM. Psychic Distance Between Turkey and Central Asian Turkish Republics. Bilig. Aralık 2014;(69):239-262.
Chicago Ilgaz Sümer, Selay, ve M. Mithat Üner. “Psychic Distance Between Turkey and Central Asian Turkish Republics”. Bilig, sy. 69 (Aralık 2014): 239-62.
EndNote Ilgaz Sümer S, Üner MM (01 Aralık 2014) Psychic Distance Between Turkey and Central Asian Turkish Republics. Bilig 69 239–262.
IEEE S. Ilgaz Sümer ve M. M. Üner, “Psychic Distance Between Turkey and Central Asian Turkish Republics”, Bilig, sy. 69, ss. 239–262, Aralık 2014.
ISNAD Ilgaz Sümer, Selay - Üner, M. Mithat. “Psychic Distance Between Turkey and Central Asian Turkish Republics”. Bilig 69 (Aralık 2014), 239-262.
JAMA Ilgaz Sümer S, Üner MM. Psychic Distance Between Turkey and Central Asian Turkish Republics. Bilig. 2014;:239–262.
MLA Ilgaz Sümer, Selay ve M. Mithat Üner. “Psychic Distance Between Turkey and Central Asian Turkish Republics”. Bilig, sy. 69, 2014, ss. 239-62.
Vancouver Ilgaz Sümer S, Üner MM. Psychic Distance Between Turkey and Central Asian Turkish Republics. Bilig. 2014(69):239-62.

Ahmet Yesevi Üniversitesi Mütevelli Heyet Başkanlığı