Türk İşaret Dili’nde Sözdizime Deneysel Bir Yaklaşım

Öz

Bu çalışma en eski işaret dillerinden birisi olmasına rağmen görece üzerine az çalışma yapılmış olan Türk İşaret Dili’nde (TİD) sözdizimine odaklanarak deneysel dilbilim bakış açısıyla işaret dillerinde sözdizim çalışmasını sunmaktadır. değişik sözcük/işaret sıralamalarının yer aldığı tümcelerde TİD işaretçilerinin kabuledilebilirlik yargılarını araştırmak üzere iki deney yürütüldü. Deney 1 katılımcılar-arası 2x2 (Özne-Eylem / Eylem-Özne; İnsan / Hayvan) deseniyle oluşturulan 26 geçişsiz tümceden oluşurken Deney 2 katılımcılar-arası 3x2 (Özne sırası: Başta / Ortada / Sonda; Nesne sırası: Nesne eylemden önce / Nesne eylemden sonra) deseniyle oluşturulan 28 geçişli tümceden oluşmaktaydı. Her iki deneyde de TİD işaretçilerinden (n=8 ve n=6) 5-noktalı Likert tipi ölçek kullanarak tümceleri puanlamaları istendi. Deney 1’den elde edilen sonuçlarda İşaret Sırasının anlamlı bir etkisi bulundu: Katılımcılar Özne-Eylem sıralamasıyle yer alan tümcelere EylemÖzne sıralamasıyla verilen tümcelerden daha yüksek puan verdiler. Özne Tipinin bir ana etkisi bulunmazken İşaret Sırası ve Özne Tipi anlamlı bir etkileşimdeydiler. Deney 2’nin sonuçları ise Nesne Sırasının anlamlı bir etkisini gösterdi: Katılımcılar Nesne eylemden önce tümcelerine Nesne eylemden sonra tümcelerinden daha yüksek puan verdiler. Bu deneyde ne Özne Sırasının bir etkisi ne de bir etkileşim bulundu. Bulgular göstermektedir ki TİD Özne-Eylem ve Nesne eylemden önce sıralamasını diğer sıralamalara göre daha çok tercih etmektedirler.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Sözdizim
• Türk İşaret Dili
• Deneysel Dilbilim

An Experimental Approach to Word Order in Turkish Sign Language

Öz

The present study offers an experimental linguistic perspective to investigate word order in sign languages, focusing particularly on word order in Turkish Sign Language (Türk İşaret Dili-TİD), one of the oldest, yet relatively understudied, sign languages. Two experiments were conducted to investigate TİD signers’ acceptability judgments of various orders of linguistic forms in a sentence. Experiment 1 consisted of 26 intransitive sentences with a 2x2 (SV vs. VS; Human vs. Animal) within-subjects design whereas Experiment 2 consisted of 28 transitive sentences with a 3x2 (Subject order: First vs. Middle vs. Last; Object order: Object-before-Verb vs. Object-after-Verb) within-subjects design. Both experiments asked native TİD signers (n=8 and n=6, respectively) to rate sentences using 5-point Likert scales. Results from Experiment 1 showed that there was a significant main effect of Sign Order, indicating that participants gave significantly higher ratings to SV order over VS order. There was no main effect of Subject Type but an interaction between Sign Order and Subject Type. Results from Experiment 2 showed a significant main effect of object-verb order indicating that participants’ ratings for the Object-before-Verb order were significantly higher than those for the Verb-before-Object order. In Experiment 2, there was no significant main effect of subject order or interaction. These findings suggested that TİD has a preference for SV and OV over other possible orders.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Word order
• Turkish Sign Language
• Experimental Linguistics

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