Araştırma Makalesi

An Inquiry on the Opposition to Reason and Philosophy in the Akhbārī School During the Safavid Era

Sayı: 53 30 Nisan 2025
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An Inquiry on the Opposition to Reason and Philosophy in the Akhbārī School During the Safavid Era

Öz

In Safavid Iran, the Akhbārī school rejected reason, ijma, and qiyas in the interpretation of religious texts and adopted a literalist approach based solely on the narrations in the al-Kutub al-Arba´a (الكتب الأربعة). This approach turned into a fierce opposition to philosophy. The Akhbārīs characterized philosophy, and especially the synthesizing approach of philosophers such as Mullā Sadrā, as "irreligion" and "heresy" and saw Greek philosophy as a harmful element that corrupted Islam. With the support of the Safavid state, the Akhbārīs' opposition to philosophy led to the marginalization of philosophy and the oppression of philosophers. The fact that Mullā Sadrā had to leave Isfahan is an important example of this pressure. The Akhbārīs pursued two main strategies against philosophy: The first is to create a negative perception of philosophy and philosophers by constantly denigrating them, and the second is to develop systematic criticisms of the fundamental issues of philosophy. They criticized the philosophers on issues such as the eternity of the universe, God's will and God's knowledge of particulars, and considered these views to be contrary to God's attributes and blasphemy. The Akhbārī movement of the Safavid period constitutes an important example of systematic opposition to reason and philosophy in the history of Islamic thought.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kaynakça

  1. ʻAbdullāh, ʻAbdulmuṭṭalib. (1386). Dīn va Dawlat dar ‘Aṣr-i Ṣafaviyyah. Rahyāft-i Inqilāb-i Islāmī, 1, 94-118.
  2. Aḥmadī, S. K. ʻAlī. (1395). Sharḥ-i Risāla-i Iʻtiqād-i ‘Allāma Majlisī. Intishārāt-i Dalīl-i Mā.
  3. Algar, H. (1989). Behbehânî, Mohammed-Bâqer. İçinde Encyclopedia Iranica: C. IV (ss. 98-99). Calendar of Events.
  4. ʻĀmilī, H. b. ʻAlī al-Karakī al. (1389). ʻUmdat al-makāl fī kufri ahli al-ḍalāl (S. M. al-Rajāʼī, Ed.). Maktabat Samāhat Ayatullāh al-ʻAẓīmī al-Marʻashī al-Najafī al-Kubrā.
  5. ʻĀmilī, S. Ḥurr al-. (1423). Al-Fawa’id al-Tusia (Sayyid Maḥdi Husayni & Shaykh Muḥammad Darūdī, Ed.). Matba’at al-’Ilmiyyah.
  6. Arjomand, S. A. (1984). The Shadow of God and the Hidden Imam: Religion, Political Order, and Societal Change in Shīʿīte Iran from the Beginning to 1890. The University of Chicago Press.
  7. Baktır, M. (2000). İçki (İslâm’da). İçinde Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslâm Ansiklopedisi (C. 21, ss. 458-462). TDV Yayınları.
  8. Beḥeshti, I. (1391). Akhbārigārī (Tarikh wa ’Aqa’id). Mu’assasah-i ’Ilmi Farḥangi Dar al-Hadith.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

İslam Felsefesi

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Erken Görünüm Tarihi

28 Nisan 2025

Yayımlanma Tarihi

30 Nisan 2025

Gönderilme Tarihi

2 Kasım 2024

Kabul Tarihi

17 Nisan 2025

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2025 Sayı: 53

Kaynak Göster

APA
Yılmaz, S., & Erdem, Ö. F. (2025). An Inquiry on the Opposition to Reason and Philosophy in the Akhbārī School During the Safavid Era. Bilimname, 53, 635-663. https://doi.org/10.28949/bilimname.1577704
AMA
1.Yılmaz S, Erdem ÖF. An Inquiry on the Opposition to Reason and Philosophy in the Akhbārī School During the Safavid Era. Bilimname. 2025;(53):635-663. doi:10.28949/bilimname.1577704
Chicago
Yılmaz, Sinan, ve Ö. Faruk Erdem. 2025. “An Inquiry on the Opposition to Reason and Philosophy in the Akhbārī School During the Safavid Era”. Bilimname, sy 53: 635-63. https://doi.org/10.28949/bilimname.1577704.
EndNote
Yılmaz S, Erdem ÖF (01 Nisan 2025) An Inquiry on the Opposition to Reason and Philosophy in the Akhbārī School During the Safavid Era. Bilimname 53 635–663.
IEEE
[1]S. Yılmaz ve Ö. F. Erdem, “An Inquiry on the Opposition to Reason and Philosophy in the Akhbārī School During the Safavid Era”, Bilimname, sy 53, ss. 635–663, Nis. 2025, doi: 10.28949/bilimname.1577704.
ISNAD
Yılmaz, Sinan - Erdem, Ö. Faruk. “An Inquiry on the Opposition to Reason and Philosophy in the Akhbārī School During the Safavid Era”. Bilimname. 53 (01 Nisan 2025): 635-663. https://doi.org/10.28949/bilimname.1577704.
JAMA
1.Yılmaz S, Erdem ÖF. An Inquiry on the Opposition to Reason and Philosophy in the Akhbārī School During the Safavid Era. Bilimname. 2025;:635–663.
MLA
Yılmaz, Sinan, ve Ö. Faruk Erdem. “An Inquiry on the Opposition to Reason and Philosophy in the Akhbārī School During the Safavid Era”. Bilimname, sy 53, Nisan 2025, ss. 635-63, doi:10.28949/bilimname.1577704.
Vancouver
1.Sinan Yılmaz, Ö. Faruk Erdem. An Inquiry on the Opposition to Reason and Philosophy in the Akhbārī School During the Safavid Era. Bilimname. 01 Nisan 2025;(53):635-63. doi:10.28949/bilimname.1577704