New Contracts Based On Rental Certificate: Energy, Agriculture, Leasing Partnership And Lease Certificate Based On Gold

Yıl 2019, , 79 - 119, 30.04.2019

Yunus Keles

https://doi.org/10.28949/bilimname.424268

Cited By: 2

Öz

People have been engaged in various commercial activities to meet their basic needs. Many of the fields that bring new needs are referred to methods that will facilitate or speed up the work. Especially today, when the means of collecting capital and funds are diversified, problems that are open to abuse have begun to come in succession. On the basis of economic crises, Both in our country and which are now normal on the world, there is an inexplicable misappropriation of promising projects on the basis of promises and the feeding of inflated financing wheels based on the sale of debts. But Such facts, however, should not be seen as an excuse to cut the front of entrepreneurs who are set forth with a true and sincere intent, who seek to develop and share. Now that economic activities become very fast and complicated, it is necessary to address the problems faced by entrepreneurs and to produce solutions. These are the newly developed lease-based rental partnership systems. In this article, we have discussed the issue of rent and certificate based on rent, as well as energy and agricultural contracts. The first one is a private enterprise and the other is a state project. These systems, in fact, should not be seen as a partnership, but as a production activity. The partnership in this sense must be understood to mean co-operation and agreement in the establishment and functioning of the system. In fact, they are not contractual or mudarebe. The nature of the work was shaped by the fact that the entrepreneurs rented the system, which was established with their money, to the founder firm and received a certain rent fee. However, if the founder firm put his Money in this project he becomes a shareholder and in this case, he owns his own shares in his shares and he makes leasing from other shareholders. Because other shareholders have not rented the share of the founding firm. In order for the private enterprise to function properly, it must be realized and inspected on a real production project. In the state project, the property that the state sells before and after the lease term, which is rented out, is re-acquired, must be a real asset. In general, production, capital, price, employment, such as meeting the capital needs around the basic issues of capital, combining labor-capital power, production on the basis of supply and demand, the implementation of new needs and the fields of employment in areas such as the implementation of methods to facilitate or accelerate the use of methods are being applied. On the one hand, these well-intentioned methods have to constantly consider the necessity of relying on the trust, stability and efficiency needed in the rapidly developing economic process. Otherwise, damaged trust, shaken stability and inefficient undertakings deviating from its goal will not only come to failure but blow the development, confidence and stability in society. It is also known that the state is in need of a continuous liquidity because of the large treasury handling, investment and expenditure for borrowing. These needs are generally solved in capitalist-liberal economies by bonds, liquid funds and privileged partnerships. In a Muslim society with interest sensitivity, such investment instruments do not address the public. If alternative investment opportunities are developed for Muslims fleeing from small savings interest, the state can add a wider population of citizens to development projects with an investment incentive to society as a whole. In this last century, mankind has experienced many times that the economies, which are driven by the interest and the means of fund collection, have turned into a global crisis. The newly developed interest-free development and investment models should be seen as the most effective measures against these crises. In our study, we have aimed to write an article which will be the first source on this type of partnership systems since there are new acts in the form of a partnership based on the rental income. In order to evaluate the situation in terms of fiqh while putting forward the parties of the contract and the purpose of the contract, we tried to conclude by revealing the conditions of the contracts such as the company, rent, sale on fidelitiy (bey’ bi’l-vefa and bey’ bi’l-istiglal) our aim is not to address these mentioned clauses in the fiqh, but to determine the frameworks of these new partnership systems. It will be seen that the fiqh has a dynamic structure in the name of economic stability and development which will produce solutions for the benefit of all mankind, not only for Islamic society.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Islamic Law, Rent, Partnership, Gold, Sale on Fidelitiy

Kira Sertifikası İçerikli Yeni Akidler: Enerji-Tarım Kira Ortaklığı ve Altına Dayalı Kira Sertifikası

Öz

İnsanlar, temel ihtiyaçlarını karşılamaya yönelik
olarak çeşitli akidlere dayalı ticari faaliyetleri sürdüre gelmişlerdir. Yeni
ihtiyaçların getirdiği birçok alanda işleri kolaylaştıracak veya hızlandıracak
yöntemlere başvurulmuştur. Özellikle sermaye ve fon toplama araçlarının
çeşitlendiği günümüzde suistimale açık sorunlar da peşpeşe gelmeye başlamıştır.
Gerek ülkemizde gerekse dünyada artık normal hale gelen ekonomik krizlerin
temelinde vaadlere dayalı projelerin fon toplama maksadıyla ölçüsüz bir şekilde
suistimali ve borcun satımına dayalı şişirilmiş finans çarklarının beslenmesi
yatmaktadır. Ancak bu gibi vakıalar, hakiki ve selim bir niyetle yola çıkan,
kalkınmayı ve paylaşmayı hedefleyen müteşebbislerin önünü kesmek için bir
bahane olarak görülmemelidir.  Artık
ekonomik faaliyetlerin çok hızlı ve karmaşık hale gelmesi nedeniyle
müteşebbislerin önüne çıkan sorunları ele almak ve çözümler üretmek
gerekmektedir. Yeni geliştirilen kira getirisine dayalı kira ortaklığı
sistemleri de bunlardan biridir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kira, Ortaklık, Enerji, Tarım, Altın, Bey’ bi’l-vefa, fetva

Kaynakça

• KAYNAKÇAAybakan, Bilal, “Muamele”, TDV İslam Ansiklopedisi, 30;320, İstanbul TDV Yayınları 2005.Bardakoğlu, Ali, “İcare”, TDV Diyanet İslam Ansiklopedisi, 21: 382 İstanbul TDV Yayınları, 2000.Bayındır, Abdülaziz, “Bey’ bi’l-vefâ”, TDV İslam Ansiklopedisi, 6:21 İstanbul TDV Yayınları 1992.Bilmen, Ömer Nasuhi, Hukukı İslamiyye ve Istılahatı Fıkhiyye Kamusu, Bilmen Yayınevi, İstanbul 2001.Çatalcalı, Ali Efendi, Fetâvâ-yı Ali Efendi, Dersaadet 1324.Din İşleri Yüksek Kurulu Karar: 01.11.2017 tarihli ve no: 97835.Emin Enerji, İşletme Hakkı Devir Sözleşmesi.Emin Entegre, Hasılat Kira Sözleşmesi.Enerjibes, http://www.enerjibes.com/yenilenebilir-enerji-kaynaklari-nelerdir,
• Haskefî, Muhammed b. Ali b. Muhammed, ed-Dürrü’l-Muhtâr Şerhu Tenvîr’il-Ebsâr, (Dâru’l-Kütübi’l- İlmiyye, Beyrut 2002.Haydar, Ali, “Muvazaa ve İstiğlal”, sadeleştiren: Sabri Erturan, İslam Hukuku Araştırmaları Dergisi, sy.5, 2005.----------, Hocaeminefendizâde Ali, Düreru'l-Hukkâm Şerhu Mecelleti'l-Ahkâm, Diyanet İşleri Başkanlığı Yayınları İstanbul 2016.Hazine, https://altin.hazine.gov.tr/sikca-sorulan-sorular,
• İbn Abidin, Muhammed Emin, Reddü’l-Muhtâr, Dâru’l-Fikr, Beyrut 2000.İbn Kudame, Ebû Muhammed Muvaffakuddîn Abdullah b. Ahmed b. Muhammed el-Cemmâîlî el-Makdisî, el-Muğnî, Thk. Abdullah et-Türkî -Abdulfettah el-Hulv, Dâru Âlemi’l- Kütüb, Riyad tz.İbn Rüşd, Ahmed el-Hafîd, Bidâyetü’l-Müctehid ve Nihâyetü’l-Muktesıd, Darü’l-hadis, Kahire 2004.İbn Teymiyye, Takiyyuddin Ebu’l-Abbâs Ahmed b. Abdulhalim el-Harrânî, Mecmû’u’l-Fetâva, Thk. Enver el-Bâz- Âmir el-Cezzâr, Daru’l-Vefa, Üçüncü Baskı, Mansûra, 2005.İbnü’l-Kayyim, Ebû Abdillâh Şemsüddîn Muhammed b. Ebî Bekr b. Eyyûb ez-Züraî ed-Dımaşki el-Hanbelî, İ’lamu’l-Muvakkıîn an Rabbi’l-Âlemîn, Darü’l-Fikr, İkinci Baskı, Beyrut 1977.Kâdıhân, Hasan b. Mansûr b. Mahmûd b.Abdülazîz el-Özcendî, Fetâva Kâdıhân, Beyrut 1971.Kasani, Alâüddîn Ebû Bekr b. Mes'ûd b. Ahmed, edâiu’s-Sanâi‘ fî Tertîbi’ş- Şerâi‘, Dârü’l-Kütübi’l-Arabî, Beyrut 1982.Keleş, Yunus, “Fesadü’z-zaman Algısının Fıkhî Hükümlere Etkisi”, Erciyes Üniversitesi SBE (Basılmamış Doktora Tezi) Kayseri 2013,Mecelle, Açıklamalı Mecelle, Haz. Ali Himmet Berkî, Hikmet Yayınları, İstanbul 1985.Mecsi, Çağrı, “İstanbul Kadı Sicilleri Işığında Bey’ Bi’l-İstiğlâl Akidleri”, Marmara Ün. SBE, (Basılmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi), İstanbul 2017.Merginani, Ebü'l-Hasen Burhânüddîn Alî b. Ebî Bekr b. Abdilcelîl el-Fergânî, el-Hidâye Şerhu Bidâyeti’l-Mübtedî, Dâru Kahraman, İstanbul 1986.Meydani, Abdülgani b. Talib el-Ganimi, el-Lübâb fî Şerhi’l-Kitâb, Thk. Muhammed Muhyiddin, Beyrut, tz.Nevevi, Ebû Zekeriyya Yahya b. Şeref, el-Minhâc Şerhu Sahîhi Müslim, el-Kitabü’l-Mecmû Şerhu’l-Mühezzeb, Thk. Muhammed Necib el-Mutay‘î, Mektebetu’l-İrşâd, Cidde tz,Resmî Gazete, 23 Mart 2016 ÇARŞAMBA, Sayı: 29662Serahsi, Şemsüleimme Ebû Bekr Muhammed b. Ebî Sehl, el-Mebsût, Dâru’l- Ma‘rife, Beyrut 1989.Şeyh Bedreddin, Mahmud b. İsrâil b. Abdülaziz es-Samavnevî, Câmiu’l-Fusûleyn, TC. Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığı, Tıpkı Basım, Ankara 2012.Şeyhîzâde, Abdurrahman b. Ahmed b. Süleyman Gelibolî, Mecmau’l-Enhur Şerhi Mülteka’l-Ebhur, Thk. H. İmran Mansûr, Dâru’l-Kütübi’l-İlmiyye, Beyrut 1998.Şirazi, Ebû İshâk İbrahim b. Ali b. Yusuf, el-Mühezzeb fî Fıkhî’l-İmami’ş-Şâfiî, Thk. Muhammed ez- Zuhaylî, Dâru’l-Kalem, Dimeşk, Dâru’ş-Şâmiye, Beyrut 1996.Tuğrul, İsmail , “Elbirliği Sisteminde Uygulanana Yeni Bazı Yatırım Araçları”, Din İşleri Yüksek Kurulu, Güncel Dini Meseleler İstişare Toplantısı-VII, 12-14 Ekim 2017 Kızılcahamam.Türk Hukuk Lügatı, Başbakanlık Basımevi, Üçüncü Baskı, Ankara 1997.Zeylai, Osman b. Ali Fahruddin, Tebyînu’l-Hakâik, Matbaa Kubra’l-Emiriyye, Bolak, Kahire 1313.