DABUS KARARLARI IŞIĞINDA TÜRK HUKUKUNDA YAPAY ZEKÂ TARAFINDAN GERÇEKLEŞTİRİLEN BULUŞLARIN PATENTLENEBİLİRLİĞİ

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1, 79 - 186, 30.06.2025

Atilla Kasap , Büşra Şahin Aydın

https://doi.org/10.55009/bilisimhukukudergisi.1619835

Öz

Son yıllarda makine öğrenmesindeki üssel büyüme, yapay zekâ alanında çığır açan gelişmelere yol açmıştır. İlaç sektöründen yazılıma, mimariden sinemaya kadar birçok alanda yapay zekâ sistemlerinin araç olarak kullanımıyla, büyük veri setlerinden elde edilen bilgilerle buluş gerçekleştirme hızı son yıllarda artmaktadır. Bu gelişmeler sonucunda, insan buluşçuların yerini alabilecek yaratıcı ve üretken yapay zekâ sistemlerine yapılan yatırımlar artmış ve yapay zekâ sistemleri buluş yapabilen bir özne olma yolunda ilerlemeye başlamıştır. Bu teknolojik gelişmelerin ortasında, hukukun rolü ve yapay zekânın buluşçu olarak kabul edilip edilemeyeceği sorusu önem kazanmıştır. Bu makale, yapay zekâ sistemlerinin gerçekleştirdiği buluşlara Türk hukukunda patent verilip verilemeyeceği hukuki sorununu disiplinlerarası, karşılaştırmalı hukuk ve doktrinel yöntemleri kullanarak ele almaktadır. Bu kapsamda, Thaler tarafından geliştirilen DABUS adlı yapay zekâ sisteminin gerçekleştirdiği buluşlar için Birleşik Krallık, ABD, Almanya, Avustralya ile Avrupa Patent Ofisi’nde yapılan patent başvurularının reddedilmesiyle oluşan mahkeme kararları ayrıntılı olarak incelenmiştir. İncelemeler sonucunda, tüm hukuk sistemlerinde buluşu yapanın yalnızca gerçek kişi olabileceği açığa çıkmıştır. Bu bulgular ışığında Türk hukukunda buluşu yapanın gerçek kişi olması gerektiği tespit edilmiş ve DABUS’un gerçekleştirdiği buluşlar için Türkiye’de de patent verilemeyeceği sonucuna varılmıştır. Ancak, gelecekte yapay zekâ teknolojisinin insan müdahalesi olmadan buluş yapabilecek noktaya gelmesiyle, yapay zekâ buluşçuluğunun yasal düzlemde tanınması ihtiyacı doğabilecektir. Bu durumda makine buluşları olarak önerdiğimiz buluş türünün yaratılmasını ve buluşun gerçekleşmesi için yapay zekâ sistemine maddi yatırım yapan gerçek veya tüzel kişiye patent verilmesini önermekteyiz. Getirdiğimiz bu öneri ile yapay zekâ sektöründe yenileşim hızlanabilecek ve daha düşük maliyetle insanlığa faydalı buluşların sayısı artabilecektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Yapay Zekâ , Makine Öğrenmesi , Patent , Buluşçuluk , DABUS , Yenileşim , Sınaî Hak

Kaynakça

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