The Impact of People's Preventive Health Behaviour and Trust in Government Performance during the Pandemic on Their Trust in COVID-19 Vaccine

Öz

The main purpose of this research is to determine the impact of people's preventive health behavior and trust in government performance during the pandemic on their trust in COVID-19 vaccine. The population of the research consisted of middle and advanced age group individuals who received service from pharmacies in the city center of Karabük. In the study, convenience sampling method was preferred due to the difficulty of reaching the participants during the COVID-19 pandemic process and 400 questionnaires were returned at the end of the data collection process. SPSS and AMOS package programs were used in the analysis of the data. Confirmatory factor analysis and path analysis techniques were applied to the data. The findings obtained by confirmatory factor analysis and path analysis showed that the construct validity of the model was ensured. According to the path analysis results, it was determined that the participants' protective health behavior (β=0.339; p<0.05) and their confidence in government performance (β=0.265; p<0.05) affected their confidence in the COVID-19 vaccine statistically and positively. During the pandemic, their COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and COVID-19 vaccine confidence increase as people engage in more and more accurate preventive health behavior and have confidence in government performance.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• COVID-19 Pandemic
• Vaccination
• Preventive Health Behaviour
• Trust in Government Performance

The Impact of People's Preventive Health Behaviour and Trust in Government Performance during the Pandemic on Their Trust in COVID-19 Vaccine

Öz

The main purpose of this research is to determine the impact of people's preventive health behavior and trust in government performance during the pandemic on their trust in COVID-19 vaccine. The population of the research consisted of middle and advanced age group individuals who received service from pharmacies in the city center of Karabük. In the study, convenience sampling method was preferred due to the difficulty of reaching the participants during the COVID-19 pandemic process and 400 questionnaires were returned at the end of the data collection process. SPSS and AMOS package programs were used in the analysis of the data. Confirmatory factor analysis and path analysis techniques were applied to the data. The findings obtained by confirmatory factor analysis and path analysis showed that the construct validity of the model was ensured. According to the path analysis results, it was determined that the participants' protective health behavior (β=0.339; p<0.05) and their confidence in government performance (β=0.265; p<0.05) affected their confidence in the COVID-19 vaccine statistically and positively. During the pandemic, their COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and COVID-19 vaccine confidence increase as people engage in more and more accurate preventive health behavior and have confidence in government performance. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

• COVID-19 pandemic
• vaccination
• preventive health behaviour
• trust in government performance

Kaynakça

1. [1] World Health Organization (2019). Coronavirus disease (COVID-19). https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200529-covid-19-sitrep-130.pdf?sfvrsn=bf7e7f0c_4. 30 Mayıs 2020’de erişildi.
2. [2] Pal, M., Berhanu, G., Desalegn, C., ve Kandi, V. (2020). Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2): An Update. Cureus, 12(3), e7423. doi:10.7759/cureus.7423
3. [3] Tian, H., Liu, Y., ve Li, Y. et al. (2020). An investigation of transmission control measures during the first 50 days of the COVID-19 epidemic in China. Science, 368, 638–642. doi:10.1126/ science.abb6105.
4. [4] Kissler, S. M., Tedijanto, C., Goldstein, E., Grad, Y. H., ve Lipsitch, M. (2020). Projecting the transmission dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 through the postpandemic period. Science, 368(6493), 860-868. doi: 10.1126/science.abb5793.
5. [5] Phua, J., Weng, L., Ling, L. et al. (2020). Intensive care management of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): challenges and recommendations. Lancet Respir Med., 8(5), 506-517. doi: 10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30161-2.
6. [6] Nicola, M., Alsafi, Z., ve Sohrabi, C. et al. (2020). The socio-economic implications of the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19): A review. International Journal of Surgery, 78, 185-193. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsu.2020.04.018.
7. [7] Kaddoura, M., AlIbrahim, M., ve Hijazi, G. et al. (2020). COVID-19 Therapeutic Options Under Investigation. Front Pharmacol, 11, 1196. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01196.
8. [8] World Health Organization (2020a). DRAFT landscape of COVID-19 candidate vaccines. https://www.who.int/whodocuments-detail/draft-landscape-of-covid-19-candidate-vaccines. 2 Haziran 2020’de erişildi.

9. [9] Schwartz, J. L. (2020). Evaluating and Deploying Covid-19 Vaccines - The Importance of Transparency, Scientific Integrity, and Public Trust. N Engl J Med, 383(18), 1703-1705. doi:10.1056/NEJMp2026393.
10. [10] Ehreth, J. (2003). The value of vaccination: a global perspective. Vaccine, 21(27), 4105-4117. doi:10.1016/S0264-410X(03)00377-3.
11. [11] Hajj Hussein, I., Chams, N., ve Chams, S., et al. (2015). Vaccines Through Centuries: Major Cornerstones of Global Health. Front Public Health, 3, 269. doi:10.3389/fpubh.2015.00269.
12. [12] Salmon, D. A., Moulton, L. H., Omer, S. B., DeHart, M. P., Stokley, S., Halsey, N. A. (2005). Factors associated with refusal of childhood vaccines among parents of school-aged children: a case-control study. Archives of pediatrics & adolescent medicine, 159, 470-476.
13. [13] Ropeik D. (2013). How society should respond to the risk of vaccine rejection. Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics, 9, 1815-1818.
14. [14] Sadaf, A., Richards, J. L., Glanz, J., Salmon, D. A., ve Omer, S. B. (2013). A systematic review of interventions for reducing parental vaccine refusal and vaccine hesitancy. Vaccine, 31, 4293-304.
15. [15] T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı II. Ulusal Aşı Çalıştayı, (2016). Çalıştay Raporu. 24-26 Mart 2016. Erişim: http://www.enfeksiyon.org.tr/2.calistayrapor.pdf. (Erişim Tarihi:03.03.2021).
16. [16] Rodriguez, H., Donner, W. R., ve Trainor, J. E. (2018). Handbook of disaster research. New York, NY: Springer International Publishing.
17. [17] Uslaner, E. M. (2018). The Oxford handbook of social and political trust. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
18. [18] Zmerli, S., ve Van der Meer, T. W. (2017). Handbook on political trust. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing.
19. [19] Hetherington, M. J. (1998). The political relevance of political trust. American Political Science Review, 92(4), 791–808. doi: 10.2307/2586304.
20. [20] Rubin, G. J., Amlot, R., Page, L., ve Wessely, S. (2009). Public perceptions, anxiety, and behaviour change in relation to the swine flu outbreak: Cross sectional telephone survey. BMJ, 339, b2651. doi: 10.1136/bmj.b2651.
21. [21] Verger, P., Bocquier, A., Vergelys, C., Ward, J., ve Peretti-Watel, P. (2018). Flu vaccination among patients with diabetes: Motives, perceptions, trust, and risk culture - a qualitative survey. BMC Public Health, 18, 569. Doi: 10.1186/s12889-018-5441-6.
22. [22] Taniguchi, H., ve Marshall, G. A. (2018). Trust, political orientation, and environmental behavior. Environmental Politics, 27(3), 385–410. https://doi.org/10.1080/09644016.2018.1425275.
23. [23] Chanley, V. A., Rudolph, T. J., ve Rahn, W. M. (2000). The origins and consequences of public trust in government − A time series analysis. Public Opinion Quarterly, 64(3), 239–256. doi:10.1086/317987.
24. [24] Lau, L. S., Samari, G., Moresky, R. T., Casey, S. E., Kachur, S. P., Roberts, L. F., ve Zard, M. (2020). COVID-19 in humanitarian settings and lessons learned from past epidemics. Nature Medicine, 26(5), 647–648. doi: 10.1038/s41591-020-0851-2.
25. [25] OECD (2017). Trust and public policy: How better governance can help rebuild public trust. Paris: OECD Publishing.
26. [26] Al-Mohaithef, M., ve Padhi, B. K. (2020). Determinants of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance in Saudi Arabia: a web-based national survey. J Multidiscip Healthc. 13, 1657-1663. doi:10.2147/JMDH.S276771.
27. [27] Lazarus, J. V., Ratzan, S. C., ve Palayew, A. et al. (2020). A global survey of potential acceptance of a COVID-19 vaccine. Nat Med., 27(2), 225-228. doi: 10.1038/s41591-020-1124-9.
28. [28] Coustasse, A., Kimble, C., ve Maxik, K. (2021). COVID-19 and Vaccine Hesitancy: A Challenge the United States Must Overcome. J Ambul Care Manage, 44(1), 71-75. doi: 10.1097/JAC.0000000000000360.
29. [29] MacDonald, N. E. (2015). Vaccine hesitancy: Definition, scope and determinants. Vaccine, 33(34), 4161-4164. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.04.036.
30. [30] Schoch-Spana, M., Brunson, E. K., Long, R. et al. (2020). The public’s role in COVID-19 vaccination: Human-centered recommendations to enhance pandemic vaccine awareness, access, and acceptance in the United States. Vaccine. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.10.059.
31. [31] Lim, V. W., Lim, R. L., Tan, Y. R., Soh, A. S., Tan, M. X., ve Othman, N. B., et al. (2021). Government trust, perceptions of COVID-19 and behaviour change: Cohort surveys, Singapore. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 99(2), 92–101. doi: 10.2471/BLT.20.269142.
32. [32] Han, Q., Zheng, B., Cristea, M., Agostini, M., Bélanger, J. J., Gützkow, B., Kreienkamp, J., ve Leander, N. P. (2021). Trust in government regarding COVID-19 and its associations with preventive health behaviour and prosocial behaviour during the pandemic: a cross sectional and longitudinal study. Psychological Medicine, 1-11. doi: 10.1017/S0033291721001306.
33. [33] Lin, Y., Hu, Z., Zhao, Q., Alias, H., Danaee, M., ve Wong, L. P. (2020). Understanding COVID-19 vaccine demand and hesitancy: A nationwide online survey in China. PLoS Negl Trop Dis, 14(12), e0008961. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0008961
34. [34] World Health Organization (2020b). Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) advice for the public. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/advice-for-public.
35. [35] The SAGE Vaccine Hesitancy Working Group (2013). What influences vaccine acceptance: A model of determinants of vaccine hesitancy. https://www.who.int/immunization/sage/meetings/2013/april/1_Model_analyze_driversofvaccineConfidence_22_March.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 22.09.2021).
36. [36] Frew, P. M., Kriss, J. L., ve Chamberlain, A. T., et al. (2016). A randomized trial of maternal influenza immunization decision-making: a test of persuasive messaging models. Hum Vaccines Immunother, 12, 1989–96.
37. [37] Broniatowski, D. A., Jamison, A. M., ve Qi, S., et al. (2018). Weaponized health communication: Twitter bots and Russian trolls amplify the vaccine debate. Am J Public Health, 108, 1378–1384. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2018.304567.
38. [38] Larson, H. J., de Figueiredo, A., ve Xiahong, Z., et al. (2016). The state of vaccine confidence 2016: global insights through a 67-country survey. EBioMedicine, 12, 295–301.
39. [39] Doherty, I. A., Pilkington, W., ve Brown, L., et al. (2021). COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy in Underserved Communities of North Carolina. medRxiv. doi: doi: 10.1101/2021.02.21.21252163.
40. [40] Crawshaw, J., Konnyu, K., Castillo, G., van Allen, Z., Grimshaw, J. M., ve Presseau, J. (2021). Factors affecting COVID-19 vaccination acceptance and uptake among the general public: a living behavioural science evidence synthesis. https://www.mcmasterforum.org/docs/default-source/product-documents/living-evidence-syntheses/covid-19-living-evidence-synthesis-4.1---factors-affecting-covid-19-vaccination-acceptance-and-uptake-among-the-general-public.pdf?sfvrsn=5368712f_7
41. [41] Meredith, L. S., Eisenman, D. P., Rhodes, H., Ryan, G., ve Long, A. (2007). Trust influences response to public health messages during a bioterrorist event. Journal of Health Communication, 12(3), 217–232. https://doi.org/10.1080/10810730701265978.
42. [42] Mohseni, M., ve Lindstrom, M. (2007). Social capital, trust in the health-care system and self-rated health: The role of access to health care in a population-based study. Social Science & Medicine, 64(7), 1373–1383. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2006.11.023.
43. [43] O’Malley, A. S., Sheppard, V. B., Schwartz, M., ve Mandelblatt, J. (2004). The role of trust in use of preventive services among low-income African-American women. Preventive Medicine, 38(6), 777–785. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2004.01.018.
44. [44] Salmon, D. A., Dudley, M. Z., Glanz, J. M., ve Omer, S. B. (2015). Vaccine hesitancy causes, consequences, and a call to action. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 49(6), S391–S398. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre. 2015.06.009.
45. [45] Blair, R. A., Morse, B. S., ve Tsai, L. L. (2017). Public health and public trust: Survey evidence from the Ebola Virus Disease epidemic in Liberia. Social Science & Medicine, 172, 89–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2016.11.016.
46. [46] Vinck, P., Pham, P. N., Bindu, K. K., Bedford, J., ve Nilles, E. J. (2019). Institutional trust and misinformation in the response to the 2018–19 Ebola outbreak in North Kivu, DR Congo: A population-based survey. Lancet Infectious Diseases, 19(5), 529–536. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(19)30063-5.
47. [47] Zhao, W., Zhang, J., Meadows, M. E., Liu, Y., Hua, T., ve Fu, B. (2020). A systematic approach is needed to contain COVID-19 globally. Sci. Bull., 65(11), 876–878. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scib.2020.03.024.