PID Control Medium Size Wind Turbine Control with Integrated Blade Pitch Angle

Öz

Due to the increase in electricity consumption in the world, the tendency to increase resource diversity in the electricity generation section has increased. With the decrease in the reserves of petroleum and derivative products used in traditional energy production systems, energy production has turned to renewable energy sources. Examples of renewable energy sources are the sun, wind turbines, and fuel cells. In order to provide sustainable energy production in wind turbines, the blades and body must be protected. In this study, the blade pitch angle control of the wind turbine is realized with the PID controller and the wind turbine is protected from high speeds. The coefficient control of the PID controller is determined by the PSO (Particle Swarm Optimization) and Ziegler Nichols method. Simulation was carried out in MATLAB/Simulink environment. It has been observed that the PID coefficient parameters optimized with PSO in the pitch angle control process reach the reference power value in a shorter time compared to the PID parameter values calculated with Ziegler Nichols. In addition, it was observed that the oscillation value was less at the reference power reached and the pitch angle increased.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Wind Turbines
• Renewable energy
• PID Control
• Pitch Angle Control

Kaynakça

1. [1] J. Taghinezhad, E. Mahmoodi, M. Masdari and R. Alimardani, "Spectral Analyses of an Optimized Ducted Wind Turbine using Hot-Wire Anemometry," 7th Iran Wind Energy Conference (IWEC2021), 2021, pp. 1-4, doi: 10.1109/IWEC52400.2021.9467033.
2. [2] M. S. Davis, A. Jafarian, F. Ferdowsi and M. R. Madani, "Wind Energy Harvesting Capability of a Novel Cascaded Dual-Rotor Horizontal-Axis Wind Turbine," 2021 International Conference on Electrical, Computer, Communications and Mechatronics Engineering (ICECCME), 2021, pp. 01-05, doi: 10.1109/ICECCME52200.2021.9590963.
3. [3] A. Hesami and A. H. Nikseresht, "Performance Enhancements of Savonius Wind Turbine using a Hybrid Augmentation System," 7th Iran Wind Energy Conference (IWEC2021), 2021, pp. 1-5, doi: 10.1109/IWEC52400.2021.9466964.
4. [4] IQBAL, Atif, et al. Efficacious pitch angle control of variable-speed wind turbine using fuzzy based predictive controller. Energy Reports, 2020, 6: 423-427.
5. [5] EROL, Halil. Stability analysis of pitch angle control of large wind turbines with fractional order PID controller. Sustainable Energy, Grids and Networks, 2021, 26: 100430.
6. [6] HOSSEINI, Ehsan; AGHADAVOODI, Ehsan; RAMÍREZ, Luis M. Fernández. Improving response of wind turbines by pitch angle controller based on gain-scheduled recurrent ANFIS type 2 with passive reinforcement learning. Renewable Energy, 2020, 157: 897-910.
7. [7] D. Bansal and K. Pandey, "Blade pitch angle and tip speed ratio control schemes for constant power generation of WECS," 2016 IEEE 1st International Conference on Power Electronics, Intelligent Control and Energy Systems (ICPEICES), 2016, pp. 1-6, doi: 10.1109/ICPEICES.2016.7853498.
8. [8] Y. El-Okda, M. S. Emeara, N. Abdelkarim, K. Adref and H. A. Hajjar, "Performance of a Small Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine with Blade Pitching," 2020 Advances in Science and Engineering Technology International Conferences (ASET), 2020, pp. 1-5, doi: 10.1109/ASET48392.2020.9118196.

9. [9] M. Ayadi, F. Ben Salem and N. Derbel, "Sliding mode approach for blade pitch angle control wind turbine using PMSG under DTC," 2015 16th International Conference on Sciences and Techniques of Automatic Control and Computer Engineering (STA), 2015, pp. 758-762, doi: 10.1109/STA.2015.7505131.
10. [10] H. Kumar, A. Gupta, R. K. Pachauri and Y. K. Chauhan, "PI/FL based blade pitch angle control for wind turbine used in wind energy conversion system," 2015 International Conference on Recent Developments in Control, Automation and Power Engineering (RDCAPE), 2015, pp. 15-20, doi: 10.1109/RDCAPE.2015.7281362.
11. [11] Sreenıvas, P., et al. Design and analysis of new pitch angle controller for enhancing the performance of wind turbine coupled with PMSG. Materials Today: Proceedings, 2021.
12. [12] X. Wang, Z. Jiang, H. Lu, X. Wang, Y. Meng and S. Li, "Independent Pitch Control Strategy and Simulation for Reducing Unbalanced Load of Wind Turbine," 2020 Chinese Control And Decision Conference (CCDC), 2020, pp. 5535-5539, doi: 10.1109/CCDC49329.2020.9164293.
13. [13] S. Sarkar, B. Fitzgerald and B. Basu, "Individual Blade Pitch Control of Floating Offshore Wind Turbines for Load Mitigation and Power Regulation," in IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology, vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 305-315, Jan. 2021, doi: 10.1109/TCST.2020.2975148.
14. [14] O. Elbeji, M. Hannachi, M. Benhamed and L. Sbita, "Pitch Angle Control of a Wind Turbine Conversion System at High Wind Speed," 2020 17th International Multi-Conference on Systems, Signals & Devices (SSD), 2020, pp. 819-823, doi: 10.1109/SSD49366.2020.9364174.
15. [15] Zafer Civelek., Murat Lüy, Ertuğrul Çam., Necaattin Barışçı. "PI Kontrolör ile Rüzgâr Türbininin Hatve Açısının Kontrolü" ISEM2014, 2014, Akademik Platform.
16. [16] Zafer Civelek, et al. "A new fuzzy logic proportional controller approach applied to individual pitch angle for wind turbine load mitigation”. Renewable Energy, 2017, 111: 708-717.
17. [17] Murat Lüy, Zafer Civelek; Ertuğrul Çam. "Kalıcı mıknatıslı senkron jeneratörlü rüzgâr türbinlerinde bireysel hatve açısı kontrolü ile çıkış gücü kararlılığı ve mekanik yüklerin azaltılması. " Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 2017, 23.5: 504-511.
18. [18] I. Khanam and G. Parmar, "Application of SFS algorithm in control of DC motor and comparative analysis," 2017 4th IEEE Uttar Pradesh Section International Conference on Electrical, Computer and Electronics (UPCON), 2017, pp. 256-261, doi: 10.1109/UPCON.2017.8251057.
19. [19] Widhiada, W., N. S. Kumara, and T. G. T. Nindhia. "Analysis of control force grasping for a multifunctional five fingered robot to pick-up various of components." MATEC Web of Conferences. Vol. 59. EDP Sciences, 2016.
20. [20] Yucelen, T., O. Kaymakci, and S. Kurtulan. "Self-tuning PID controller using Ziegler-Nichols method for programmable logic controllers." IFAC Proceedings volumes 39.14 (2006): 11-16.
21. [21] P. M. Meshram and R. G. Kanojiya, "Tuning of PID controller using Ziegler-Nichols method for speed control of DC motor," IEEE-International Conference On Advances In Engineering, Science And Management (ICAESM -2012), 2012, pp. 117-122.
22. [22] Pain, S., & Acharjee, P. 2016. Solution to security constrained LFC system using chaos based exponential PSO algorithm.
23. [23] Kılıç, E., & Özdemir, M. T. 2019. Güç sistemlerindeki optimum otomatik gerilim regülasyonu için çoklu amaç fonksiyonunun belirlenmesi. Dicle Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Mühendislik Dergisi, 10(1), 1-12.
24. [24] Furat, M., & Gidemen, G. 2016. PSO ile PID Parametrelerinin Optimizasyonunda Uygunluk Fonksiyonu Seçiminin Tekrarlama Sayısına Etkisi. Otomatik Kontrol Ulusal Toplantısı, TOK, 29, 298-302.
25. [25] Hajisalm, A., & İsmail, H. A. 2014. Hibrit Rüzgâr/FV Enerji Sistemleri İçin PID Denetleyici Parametrelerinin PSO ve GA ile Optimizasyonu Optimization of PID Controller Parameters in Wind. PV Energy Systems Using PSO and GA Elektrik-Elektronik Mühendisliği Bölümü Elektrik-Elektronik, 27-29.