Araştırma Makalesi
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Okullaşmanın ve Deneyimin Kazanç Düzeyi Üzerindeki Etkisinin Semiparametrik Regresyon Yöntemiyle İncelenmesi

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 4, 180 - 192, 15.10.2022
https://doi.org/10.47103/bilturk.1162830

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye’deki okullaşmanın ve deneyimin kazançlar üzerindeki etkisini Mincer kazanç modeli kullanılarak ortaya koymaktır. Bu model eğitimin ve deneyimin kazançlar üzerinde önemli belirleyici olduğunu ifade etmektedir. Bu kapsamda çalışanlara ait okullaşma yılının ve deneyimin ücret seviyesi üzerindeki etkisi semiparametrik regresyon tahmini aracılığıyla incelenmiştir. Okullaşma yılı, deneyim yılı, medeni hal ve cinsiyet değişkenleri Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu tarafından oluşturulan 2011 ve 2019 yılı hane halkı bütçe istatistikleri mikro veri setinden alınarak modelde kullanılmıştır. Parametrik regresyon, modelin değişkenler arasındaki ilişki hakkında belli bir fonksiyonel bir forma sahip olmaması durumunda doğru sonuçlar vermemektedir. Bu problemin üstesinden gelmek için hem parametrik hem de nonparametrik değişkenlerin aynı modelde kullanılmasına imkan tanıyan semiparametrik regresyon yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlar okullaşma yılının ücret düzeyini olumlu yönde etkilediğini ifade etmektedir. Deneyimin kazançlar üzerindeki etkisi belli bir döneme kadar pozitif olurken, bir süre sonra bu etki negatif bir seyir izlemektedir.

Destekleyen Kurum

Anadolu Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Komisyonu

Proje Numarası

1901E010

Kaynakça

  • Behrman, J., ve Birdsall, N. (1983). The quality of schooling: Quantity alone is misleading. American Economic Review, 73(5), 928–946.
  • Card, D., and Krueger, A. B. (1992). Does school quality matter? Returns to education and the characteristics of public schools in the United States. Journal of Political Economy, 100(1), 1–40.
  • Çağlayan, E. (2002). Yarı parametrik regresyon modelleri ile yaşam boyu sürekli gelir hipotezinin Türkiye uygulaması. (Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi). İstanbul: Marmara Üniversitesi.
  • Çağlayan Akay, E. ve Kangallı Uyar, S.G. (2017). Estimation of the Mincerian wage equation in Turkey: A semiparametric approach. International Journal of Economic Perspective. 11(2), 225-237.
  • Çelik Keçili, M. ve Esen, E. (2022). Estimating returns to education: The control function approach. Journal of Applied Microeconometrics (JAME). 2(1), 9-18, DOI: 10.53753/jame.2.1.02.
  • Denny, K., ve Doyle, O. (2005). Returns to basic skills in Central & Eastern Europe: A semi parametric approach. Geary Discussion Paper Series, WP2005/05.
  • Gibbons, J.D. (1976). Nonparametric methods for quantitative analysis. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
  • Güriş, S. ve Çağlayan, E. (2012). Returns to education and wages in Turkey: Robust and resistant regression. Quality and Quantity. 46,1407-1416.
  • Halvorsen, R. ve Palmquıst, R. (1980). The interpretation of dummy variables in semilogarithmic equations. American Economic Review, 70(3), 474-475.
  • Hastie, T., ve Tibshirani, RJ. (1990). Generalized additive models. Chapman & Hall/CRC. TÜİK. (2022). Hanehalkı Bütçe İstatistikleri Mikro Veri Seti (2011-2019). https://www.tuik.gov.tr/. (Erişim Tarihi: 19.05.2022).
  • Henderson, D.J., Polachek, S.W. ve Wang, L. (2011). Heterogeneity in schooling rates of return. Economics of Education Review, 30(6), 1202-1214.
  • Isfahani, D., Tunali, I., ve Ragui, A. (2009). A comparative study of returns to education of urban men in Egypt, Iran, and Turkey. Middle East Development Journal, 1(2), 145–187.
  • Keele, L.J. (2008). Semiparametric regression for the social sciences. UK: John Wiley Sons.
  • Liu, A. Y. C. (2004). Sectoral gender wage gap in Vietnam. Oxford Development Studies, 32 (2).
  • Mincer, J. (1974), Schooling, experience and earnings. New York: Columbia University Press.
  • Murphy, K. M. and Welch, F. (1990), Empirical age-earnings profiles. Journal of Labor Economics, 8 (2), 202- 209.
  • Nyhus, E. K. ve Pons, E. (2011), Personality and the gender wage gap. Applied Economics, 44, 105–118.
  • Patrinos, H. A., Psacharopoulos, G., ve Tansel, A. (2021). Private and social returns to ınvestment in education: the case of Turkey with alternative methods. Applied Economics, 53(14), 1638–1658. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2020.1841086.
  • Stanfors, M., and Burnette, J. (2015). Estimating historical wage profiles. Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History, 48(1), 35–51. https://doi.org/10.1080/01615440.2014.947397.
  • Tansel A. and Bodur, B. F. (2012), Wage inequality and returns to education in Turkey: A quantile regression analysis. Review of Development Economics, 16(1), 107–121.

Examination of The Effect of Schooling and Experience on The Level of Earnings by Semiparametric Regression Method

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 4, 180 - 192, 15.10.2022
https://doi.org/10.47103/bilturk.1162830

Öz

The aim of this study is to reveal the effect of schooling and experience on earnings in Turkey by using the Mincer earnings model. This model states that education and experience are important determinants on earnings. In this context, the effect of the schooling year and experience of the employees on the wage level was examined through the semiparametric regression estimation. Years of schooling, years of experience, marital status and gender variables were taken from the years of 2011 and 2019 household budget statistics micro data set created by the Turkish Statistical Institute and used in the model. Parametric regression does not give accurate results if the model does not have a certain functional form about the relationship between the variables. To overcome this problem, semiparametric regression method was used, which allows both parametric and nonparametric variables to be used in the same model. The results indicate that the schooling year has a positive effect on the wage level. While the effect of experience on earnings is positive up to a certain period, this effect follows a negative course after a while.

Proje Numarası

1901E010

Kaynakça

  • Behrman, J., ve Birdsall, N. (1983). The quality of schooling: Quantity alone is misleading. American Economic Review, 73(5), 928–946.
  • Card, D., and Krueger, A. B. (1992). Does school quality matter? Returns to education and the characteristics of public schools in the United States. Journal of Political Economy, 100(1), 1–40.
  • Çağlayan, E. (2002). Yarı parametrik regresyon modelleri ile yaşam boyu sürekli gelir hipotezinin Türkiye uygulaması. (Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi). İstanbul: Marmara Üniversitesi.
  • Çağlayan Akay, E. ve Kangallı Uyar, S.G. (2017). Estimation of the Mincerian wage equation in Turkey: A semiparametric approach. International Journal of Economic Perspective. 11(2), 225-237.
  • Çelik Keçili, M. ve Esen, E. (2022). Estimating returns to education: The control function approach. Journal of Applied Microeconometrics (JAME). 2(1), 9-18, DOI: 10.53753/jame.2.1.02.
  • Denny, K., ve Doyle, O. (2005). Returns to basic skills in Central & Eastern Europe: A semi parametric approach. Geary Discussion Paper Series, WP2005/05.
  • Gibbons, J.D. (1976). Nonparametric methods for quantitative analysis. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
  • Güriş, S. ve Çağlayan, E. (2012). Returns to education and wages in Turkey: Robust and resistant regression. Quality and Quantity. 46,1407-1416.
  • Halvorsen, R. ve Palmquıst, R. (1980). The interpretation of dummy variables in semilogarithmic equations. American Economic Review, 70(3), 474-475.
  • Hastie, T., ve Tibshirani, RJ. (1990). Generalized additive models. Chapman & Hall/CRC. TÜİK. (2022). Hanehalkı Bütçe İstatistikleri Mikro Veri Seti (2011-2019). https://www.tuik.gov.tr/. (Erişim Tarihi: 19.05.2022).
  • Henderson, D.J., Polachek, S.W. ve Wang, L. (2011). Heterogeneity in schooling rates of return. Economics of Education Review, 30(6), 1202-1214.
  • Isfahani, D., Tunali, I., ve Ragui, A. (2009). A comparative study of returns to education of urban men in Egypt, Iran, and Turkey. Middle East Development Journal, 1(2), 145–187.
  • Keele, L.J. (2008). Semiparametric regression for the social sciences. UK: John Wiley Sons.
  • Liu, A. Y. C. (2004). Sectoral gender wage gap in Vietnam. Oxford Development Studies, 32 (2).
  • Mincer, J. (1974), Schooling, experience and earnings. New York: Columbia University Press.
  • Murphy, K. M. and Welch, F. (1990), Empirical age-earnings profiles. Journal of Labor Economics, 8 (2), 202- 209.
  • Nyhus, E. K. ve Pons, E. (2011), Personality and the gender wage gap. Applied Economics, 44, 105–118.
  • Patrinos, H. A., Psacharopoulos, G., ve Tansel, A. (2021). Private and social returns to ınvestment in education: the case of Turkey with alternative methods. Applied Economics, 53(14), 1638–1658. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2020.1841086.
  • Stanfors, M., and Burnette, J. (2015). Estimating historical wage profiles. Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History, 48(1), 35–51. https://doi.org/10.1080/01615440.2014.947397.
  • Tansel A. and Bodur, B. F. (2012), Wage inequality and returns to education in Turkey: A quantile regression analysis. Review of Development Economics, 16(1), 107–121.
Toplam 20 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Ekonomi
Bölüm Research Articles
Yazarlar

Merve Çelik Keçili 0000-0002-3343-3115

Ethem Esen 0000-0002-5356-1798

Proje Numarası 1901E010
Erken Görünüm Tarihi 15 Ekim 2022
Yayımlanma Tarihi 15 Ekim 2022
Kabul Tarihi 14 Eylül 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 4 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

APA Çelik Keçili, M., & Esen, E. (2022). Examination of The Effect of Schooling and Experience on The Level of Earnings by Semiparametric Regression Method. BİLTÜRK Journal of Economics and Related Studies, 4(4), 180-192. https://doi.org/10.47103/bilturk.1162830
AMA Çelik Keçili M, Esen E. Examination of The Effect of Schooling and Experience on The Level of Earnings by Semiparametric Regression Method. BILTURK. Ekim 2022;4(4):180-192. doi:10.47103/bilturk.1162830
Chicago Çelik Keçili, Merve, ve Ethem Esen. “Examination of The Effect of Schooling and Experience on The Level of Earnings by Semiparametric Regression Method”. BİLTÜRK Journal of Economics and Related Studies 4, sy. 4 (Ekim 2022): 180-92. https://doi.org/10.47103/bilturk.1162830.
EndNote Çelik Keçili M, Esen E (01 Ekim 2022) Examination of The Effect of Schooling and Experience on The Level of Earnings by Semiparametric Regression Method. BİLTÜRK Journal of Economics and Related Studies 4 4 180–192.
IEEE M. Çelik Keçili ve E. Esen, “Examination of The Effect of Schooling and Experience on The Level of Earnings by Semiparametric Regression Method”, BILTURK, c. 4, sy. 4, ss. 180–192, 2022, doi: 10.47103/bilturk.1162830.
ISNAD Çelik Keçili, Merve - Esen, Ethem. “Examination of The Effect of Schooling and Experience on The Level of Earnings by Semiparametric Regression Method”. BİLTÜRK Journal of Economics and Related Studies 4/4 (Ekim 2022), 180-192. https://doi.org/10.47103/bilturk.1162830.
JAMA Çelik Keçili M, Esen E. Examination of The Effect of Schooling and Experience on The Level of Earnings by Semiparametric Regression Method. BILTURK. 2022;4:180–192.
MLA Çelik Keçili, Merve ve Ethem Esen. “Examination of The Effect of Schooling and Experience on The Level of Earnings by Semiparametric Regression Method”. BİLTÜRK Journal of Economics and Related Studies, c. 4, sy. 4, 2022, ss. 180-92, doi:10.47103/bilturk.1162830.
Vancouver Çelik Keçili M, Esen E. Examination of The Effect of Schooling and Experience on The Level of Earnings by Semiparametric Regression Method. BILTURK. 2022;4(4):180-92.

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