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The Effect of Bee Products on Children's Nutrition and General Health

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2, 113 - 120, 19.12.2025

Öz

The prevalence of certain diseases is increasing today. Synthetic drugs are used to treat these diseases, and they cause certain side effects. Interest in functional foods containing natural ingredients, which are considered safer than synthetic drugs, is increasing with the aim of protecting health and improving quality of life. Bee products have been used since ancient times due to their potential health benefits and rich nutritional content. Bee products possess antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties thanks to bioactive components such as peptides, minerals, fatty acids, flavonoids, and phenolic compounds found in their structure.
These products, used in adult nutrition, have also come to the fore in recent years in the field of child nutrition. The high incidence of infections in children, in particular, highlights the need to support the immune system in children. In this context, products such as honey, royal jelly, and propolis are attracting attention for their anti-inflammatory and immune system-supporting properties. Honey, with its nutritional properties, is known to be effective in treating upper respiratory tract infections in children. Although it is used to prevent coughing, there is insufficient evidence that honey alleviates cough symptoms. Honey can contribute to children's growth and development by improving their nutritional status. However, its use is not recommended for infants under one year of age as it may cause botulism. Propolis is a mixture of plant secretions and resin. It has shown antiviral activity against various respiratory tract infections. Although there is data showing that it reduces the frequency of infections in children and shortens the duration of some diseases, there is a risk of allergic reactions. Bee milk is widely used as a dietary supplement. It has effects such as protecting the nervous system, improving memory, reducing anxiety, protecting intestinal health, and maintaining hormonal balance. Although it is stated that bee milk supports the immune system in children and has positive effects on growth and development, there is no recommended effective dose for children.
Although bee products have benefits for children's nutrition and overall health, they should be consumed with caution by children due to the risk of exposure to chemical contaminants depending on the environment in which they are produced and the potential to cause allergic reactions. This study aims to evaluate the effects of bee products on child nutrition and general health by drawing on the existing literature.

Kaynakça

  • [1] El-Didamony, S. E., Gouda, H. I. A., Zidan, M. M. M., & Amer, R. I. (2024). Bee products: An overview of sources, biological activities and advanced approaches used in apitherapy application. Biotechnology reports (Amsterdam, Netherlands), 44, e00862.
  • [2] Liang, Y., Li, Q., Wang, M., Zhou, K., Yan, X., Lu, J., Li, Q., Yu, H., Xu, C., Liu, X., & Yang, W. (2024). Differences in the prevalence of allergy and asthma among US children and adolescents during and before the COVID-19 pandemic. BMC public health, 24(1), 2124.
  • [3] Zadka, K., Pałkowska-Goździk, E., & Rosołowska-Huszcz, D. (2018). Relation between Environmental Factors and Children's Health Behaviors Contributing to the Occurrence of Diet-Related Diseases in Central Poland. International journal of environmental research and public health, 16(1), 52.
  • [4] Martinello, M., & Mutinelli, F. (2021). Antioxidant Activity in Bee Products: A Review. Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland), 10(1), 71.
  • [5] El-Seedi, H. R., Eid, N., Abd El-Wahed, A. A., Rateb, M. E., Afifi, H. S., Algethami, A. F., Zhao, C., Al Naggar, Y., Alsharif, S. M., Tahir, H. E., Xu, B., Wang, K., & Khalifa, S. A. M. (2022). Honey Bee Products: Preclinical and Clinical Studies of Their Anti-inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Properties. Frontiers in nutrition, 8, 761267.
  • [6] Üstündağ Şahin, B., Özyılmaz Kırcali, B. (2025). Çocukluk çağı alerjik hastalıklarında arı ürünlerinin etkinliği. JMS, 6(1), 1-8.
  • [7] Palma-Morales, M., Huertas, J. R., & Rodríguez-Pérez, C. (2023). A Comprehensive Review of the Effect of Honey on Human Health. Nutrients, 15(13), 3056.
  • [8] Kumar, R., Lorenc, A., Robinson, N. & Blair, M. (2011). Parents’ and primary healthcare practitioners’ perspectives on the safety of honey and other traditional paediatric healthcare approaches.” Child: Care, Health and Development, 37(5), 734 743.
  • [9] Tek Ayaz S. (2023). The roles of health literacy in parents' honey use and the use of complementary alternative medicine in a Turkish population. BMC complementary medicine and therapies, 23(1), 376.
  • [10] Seçilmiş,Y., Silici, S. (2020). Bee product efficacy in children with upper respiratory tract infections. Turk J Pediatr, 62: 634-640.
  • [11] Kuitunen, I., & Renko, M. (2023). Honey for acute cough in children - a systematic review. European journal of pediatrics, 182(9), 3949–3956.
  • [12] Abuelgasim, H., Albury, C., & Lee, J. (2021). Effectiveness of honey for symptomatic relief in upper respiratory tract infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ evidence-based medicine, 26(2), 57–64.
  • [13] Zammit Young, G. W., & Blundell, R. (2023). A review on the phytochemical composition and health applications of honey. Heliyon, 9(2), e12507.
  • [14] Widowati, R., Rosana, Y. M., Silawati, V. & Raushanfikri, A. (2021). Honey and Children: The Effect of Honey from Apis cerana Bees on Children’s Nutritional Status in East Nusa Tenggara – Indonesia. Journal of Agrobiotechnology, 12(1), 49 56.
  • [15] Abdulrhman, M. A., Mohamed, N. I. & Abdelhaleem, B. A. (2023). The Effect of Clover Honey Supplementation on the Anthropometric Measurements and Lipid Profile of Malnourished Infants and Children. QJM: An International Journal of Medicine, 116 (Supplement_1). hcad069.665.
  • [16] Abdulrhman, M. A., Hamed, A. A., Mohamed, S. A., & Hassanen, N. A. (2016). Effect of honey on febrile neutropenia in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A randomized crossover open-labeled study. Complementary therapies in medicine, 25, 98–103.
  • [17] Andriakopoulou, C. S., Yapijakis, C., Koutelekos, I., & Perdikaris, P. (2024). Prevention and Treatment of Oral Mucositis in Pediatric Patients: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. In vivo (Athens, Greece), 38(3), 1016–1029.
  • [18] Anjum, S. I., Ullah, A., Khan, K. A., Attaullah, M., Khan, H., Ali, H., Bashir, M. A., Tahir, M., Ansari, M. J., Ghramh, H. A., Adgaba, N., & Dash, C. K. (2019). Composition and functional properties of propolis (bee glue): A review. Saudi journal of biological sciences, 26(7), 1695–1703.
  • [19] Zullkiflee, N., Taha, H., & Usman, A. (2022). Propolis: Its Role and Efficacy in Human Health and Diseases. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 27(18), 6120.
  • [20] Cardinale, F., Barattini, D. F., Centi, A., Giuntini, G., Bordea, M. M., Herteg, D., Barattini, L., & Matei, C. R. (2025). Open, Randomised, Controlled Study to Evaluate the Role of a Dietary Supplement Containing Pelargonium sidoides Extract, Honey, Propolis, and Zinc as Adjuvant Treatment in Children with Acute Tonsillopharyngitis. Children, 12(3), 345.
  • [21] Rodrigues Neto, E. M., Valadas, L. A. R., Lobo, P. L. D., Fonseca, S. G. D. C., Fechine, F. V., Lotif, M. A. L., Bandeira, M. A. M., Mendonça, J. F., de Mendonça, K. M., & Fonteles, M. M. F. (2021). Antimicrobial Efficacy of Propolis-Containing Varnish in Children: A Randomized and Double-Blind Clinical Trial. Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine: eCAM, 2021, 5547081.
  • [22] Kara, M., Sütçü, M., Kılıç, Ö., Gül, D., Tural Kara, T., Akkoç, G., Baktır, A., Bozdemir, Ş. E., Özgür Gündeşlioğlu, Ö., Yıldız, F., Yanar Ayanoğlu, C., Bozacı Kılıçoğlu, M., Yıldız, R., & Kara, A. (2025). Propolis as a Treatment Option for Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease (HFMD) in Children: A Prospective Randomized Clinical Study. Children (Basel, Switzerland), 12(6), 695.
  • [23] Oršolić, N., & Jazvinšćak Jembrek, M. (2024). Royal Jelly: Biological Action and Health Benefits. International journal of molecular sciences, 25(11), 6023.
  • [24] Mutlu, G., Akbulut, D., Aydın, N. S., & Mutlu, C. (2023). Fonksiyonel bir arıcılık ürünü olan arı sütünün bazı özellikleri ve sağlık üzerine etkileri. U. Arı D. / U. Bee J., 23(1), 138–152.
  • [25] Kumar, R., Thakur, A., Kumar, S., & Hajam, Y. A. (2024). Royal jelly a promising therapeutic intervention and functional food supplement: A systematic review. Heliyon, 10(17), e37138.
  • [26] Zahran A. M., Elsayh K. I., Saad K., Eloseily E. M., Osman N. S., Alblihed M. A., Badr G., & Mahmoud M. H. (2016). Effects of royal jelly supplementation on regulatory T cells in children with SLE. Food & Nutrition Research, 60.
  • [27] Bahoush, G., & Pahlevani, R. (2020). Evaluation of the effectiveness and safety of N-Chromosome Royal Jelly on the number of peripheral white blood cells in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Journal of Contemporary Medical Sciences, 6(6), 291–295.
  • [28] Živanović, S., Pavlović, D., Stojanović, N., & Veljković, M. (2019). Attitudes to and prevalence of bee product usage in pediatric pulmonology patients. European Journal of Integrative Medicine, 27, 81–86.
  • [29] Kekeçoğlu, M., Bellici, A. E., Yıldırım, İ., Kınalıkaya, A., Çaprazlı, T., & Yüksel, B. (2023). Arı ürünlerinin kullanımı ve apiterapi uygulamalarına bağlı istenmeyen etkileri: Sistematik derleme. Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine, 6(2), 169–183.
  • [30] Di Costanzo, M., De Paulis, N., Peveri, S., Montagni, M., Berni Canani, R., & Biasucci, G. (2021). Anaphylaxis caused by artisanal honey in a child: a case report. Journal of medical case reports, 15(1), 235.
  • [31] Bilir, Ö., Ersunan, G., Yavaşi, Ö., & Kalkan, A. (2016). Mad honey-related intoxication in an infant: A case report. Journal of Emergency Medicine Case Reports, 7, 80–81.
  • [32] Ahmed, A., Tul-Noor, Z., Lee, D., Bajwah, S., Ahmed, Z., Zafar, S., Syeda, M., Jamil, F., Qureshi, F., Zia, F., Baig, R., Ahmed, S., Tayyiba, M., Ahmad, S., Ramdath, D., Tsao, R., Cui, S., Kendall, C. W. C., de Souza, R. J., Khan, T. A., … Sievenpiper, J. L. (2023). Effect of honey on cardiometabolic risk factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutrition reviews, 81(7), 758–774.
  • [33] Ahmad, S., Campos, M. G., Fratini, F., Altaye, S. Z., & Li, J. (2020). New Insights into the Biological and Pharmaceutical Properties of Royal Jelly. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 21(2), 382.
  • [34] Baydaş, G., Aksoy, F. T., Güngördü Dalar, Z., Aksakal, M. N., Çoruhlu, İ., Çıbık, S., Özcan, E. S., Toptaş, Ö., & Kul, Z. (2024). Possible health problems caused by bee products and uncontrolled use. Türk Doğa ve Fen Dergisi, 13(1), 176–188.
  • [35] Végh, R., Csóka, M., Mednyánszky, Z., & Sipos, L. (2023). Potentially toxic trace elements in bee bread, propolis, beeswax and royal jelly - A review of the literature and dietary risk assessment. Chemosphere, 339, 139571.
  • [36] Wilczyńska, A., Żak, N., & Stasiuk, E. (2024). Content of Selected Harmful Metals (Zn, Pb, Cd) and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Honeys from Apiaries Located in Urbanized Areas. Foods (Basel, Switzerland), 13(21), 3451.
  • [37] Mushtaq, A., Khalid, S., Noor, M. J., & Khanoranga (2025). Honey Bee Products as Bio Indicator of Heavy Metals Pollution and Health Risk Assessment Through the Consumption of Multifloral Honey Collected in Azad Kashmir, Pakistan. Biological trace element research, 203(4), 2099–2113.

Arı Ürünlerinin Çocuk Beslenmesi ve Genel Sağlık Üzerine Etkisi

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2, 113 - 120, 19.12.2025

Öz

Günümüzde bazı hastalıkların yaygınlığı artmaktadır. Hastalıkları tedavi etmek amacıyla sentetik ilaçlar kullanılmakta ve bunlar birtakım yan etkilere yol açmaktadır. Sağlığı korumak ve yaşam kalitesini iyileştirmek amacıyla sentetik ilaçlara kıyasla daha güvenli olduğu düşünülen doğal içerikli fonksiyonel besinlere olan ilgi artmaktadır. Arı ürünlerinin sağlık üzerine potansiyel etkilerinin bulunması ve zengin besin içeriği nedeniyle eski çağlardan beri kullanılmaktadır. Arı ürünleri yapısında bulunan peptitler, mineraller, yağ asitleri, flavonoidler ve fenolik bileşikler gibi biyoaktif bileşenler sayesinde antimikrobiyal, antioksidan, antienflamatuvar ve antikanser özelliklere sahiptir. Yetişkin beslenmesinde kullanılan bu ürünler, son yıllarda çocuk beslenmesi konusunda da gündeme gelmiştir. Özellikle çocuklarda enfeksiyon sıklığının fazla olması, çocuklarda bağışıklık sisteminin desteklenmesi gerekliliğini ortaya koymaktadır. Bu bağlamda bal, arı sütü, propolis gibi ürünler iltihabi yanıtı baskılayıcı ve bağışıklık sistemini destekleyici yönleriyle dikkat çekmektedir. Besleyici özelliği bulunan balın çocuklarda üst solunum yolu enfeksiyonlarının tedavisinde etkili olduğu bilinmektedir. Öksürüğü önlemek amacıyla kullanılmasına karşın balın öksürük semptomlarının hafifletilmesi ile ilgili kanıtlar yetersizdir. Bal beslenme durumunu iyileştirici etki göstererek çocukların büyüme ve gelişmesine katkıda bulunabilir. Ancak bir yaşından küçük bebeklerde botulizme neden olabileceğinden bu yaş grubunda kullanımı önerilmemektedir. Propolis bitki salgıları ve reçineden oluşan bir karışımdır. Çeşitli solunum yolu enfeksiyonlarına karşı antiviral etkinlik göstermiştir. Çocuklarda enfeksiyon sıklığını azalttığı, bazı hastalıklarda hastalık süresini kısalttığına dair veriler bulunmasına rağmen alerjik reaksiyon riski bulunmaktadır. Arı sütü yaygın şekilde besin takviyesi olarak kullanılmaktadır. Sinir sisteminin korunması, hafızayı geliştirme, kaygıyı azaltma, bağırsak sağlığının korunması, hormonal dengenin sağlanması gibi etkileri bulunmaktadır. Çocuklarda arı sütünün bağışıklık sistemini desteklediği, büyüme ve gelişme üzerinde olumlu etkilerinin olduğu belirtilmekle birlikte çocuklar için etkin doz önerisi bulunmamaktadır. Çocuk beslenmesi ve genel sağlığı üzerinde yararları bulunsa da arı ürünlerinin yetiştirildiği ortama bağlı olarak kimyasal kirleticilere maruz kalması, alerjik reaksiyonlara yol açabilmesi nedeniyle çocuklarda dikkatle tüketilmesi gereken ürünlerdir. Bu çalışmada mevcut literatürden yararlanılarak arı ürünlerinin çocuk beslenmesi ve genel sağlık üzerine etkilerinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır.

Kaynakça

  • [1] El-Didamony, S. E., Gouda, H. I. A., Zidan, M. M. M., & Amer, R. I. (2024). Bee products: An overview of sources, biological activities and advanced approaches used in apitherapy application. Biotechnology reports (Amsterdam, Netherlands), 44, e00862.
  • [2] Liang, Y., Li, Q., Wang, M., Zhou, K., Yan, X., Lu, J., Li, Q., Yu, H., Xu, C., Liu, X., & Yang, W. (2024). Differences in the prevalence of allergy and asthma among US children and adolescents during and before the COVID-19 pandemic. BMC public health, 24(1), 2124.
  • [3] Zadka, K., Pałkowska-Goździk, E., & Rosołowska-Huszcz, D. (2018). Relation between Environmental Factors and Children's Health Behaviors Contributing to the Occurrence of Diet-Related Diseases in Central Poland. International journal of environmental research and public health, 16(1), 52.
  • [4] Martinello, M., & Mutinelli, F. (2021). Antioxidant Activity in Bee Products: A Review. Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland), 10(1), 71.
  • [5] El-Seedi, H. R., Eid, N., Abd El-Wahed, A. A., Rateb, M. E., Afifi, H. S., Algethami, A. F., Zhao, C., Al Naggar, Y., Alsharif, S. M., Tahir, H. E., Xu, B., Wang, K., & Khalifa, S. A. M. (2022). Honey Bee Products: Preclinical and Clinical Studies of Their Anti-inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Properties. Frontiers in nutrition, 8, 761267.
  • [6] Üstündağ Şahin, B., Özyılmaz Kırcali, B. (2025). Çocukluk çağı alerjik hastalıklarında arı ürünlerinin etkinliği. JMS, 6(1), 1-8.
  • [7] Palma-Morales, M., Huertas, J. R., & Rodríguez-Pérez, C. (2023). A Comprehensive Review of the Effect of Honey on Human Health. Nutrients, 15(13), 3056.
  • [8] Kumar, R., Lorenc, A., Robinson, N. & Blair, M. (2011). Parents’ and primary healthcare practitioners’ perspectives on the safety of honey and other traditional paediatric healthcare approaches.” Child: Care, Health and Development, 37(5), 734 743.
  • [9] Tek Ayaz S. (2023). The roles of health literacy in parents' honey use and the use of complementary alternative medicine in a Turkish population. BMC complementary medicine and therapies, 23(1), 376.
  • [10] Seçilmiş,Y., Silici, S. (2020). Bee product efficacy in children with upper respiratory tract infections. Turk J Pediatr, 62: 634-640.
  • [11] Kuitunen, I., & Renko, M. (2023). Honey for acute cough in children - a systematic review. European journal of pediatrics, 182(9), 3949–3956.
  • [12] Abuelgasim, H., Albury, C., & Lee, J. (2021). Effectiveness of honey for symptomatic relief in upper respiratory tract infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ evidence-based medicine, 26(2), 57–64.
  • [13] Zammit Young, G. W., & Blundell, R. (2023). A review on the phytochemical composition and health applications of honey. Heliyon, 9(2), e12507.
  • [14] Widowati, R., Rosana, Y. M., Silawati, V. & Raushanfikri, A. (2021). Honey and Children: The Effect of Honey from Apis cerana Bees on Children’s Nutritional Status in East Nusa Tenggara – Indonesia. Journal of Agrobiotechnology, 12(1), 49 56.
  • [15] Abdulrhman, M. A., Mohamed, N. I. & Abdelhaleem, B. A. (2023). The Effect of Clover Honey Supplementation on the Anthropometric Measurements and Lipid Profile of Malnourished Infants and Children. QJM: An International Journal of Medicine, 116 (Supplement_1). hcad069.665.
  • [16] Abdulrhman, M. A., Hamed, A. A., Mohamed, S. A., & Hassanen, N. A. (2016). Effect of honey on febrile neutropenia in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A randomized crossover open-labeled study. Complementary therapies in medicine, 25, 98–103.
  • [17] Andriakopoulou, C. S., Yapijakis, C., Koutelekos, I., & Perdikaris, P. (2024). Prevention and Treatment of Oral Mucositis in Pediatric Patients: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. In vivo (Athens, Greece), 38(3), 1016–1029.
  • [18] Anjum, S. I., Ullah, A., Khan, K. A., Attaullah, M., Khan, H., Ali, H., Bashir, M. A., Tahir, M., Ansari, M. J., Ghramh, H. A., Adgaba, N., & Dash, C. K. (2019). Composition and functional properties of propolis (bee glue): A review. Saudi journal of biological sciences, 26(7), 1695–1703.
  • [19] Zullkiflee, N., Taha, H., & Usman, A. (2022). Propolis: Its Role and Efficacy in Human Health and Diseases. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 27(18), 6120.
  • [20] Cardinale, F., Barattini, D. F., Centi, A., Giuntini, G., Bordea, M. M., Herteg, D., Barattini, L., & Matei, C. R. (2025). Open, Randomised, Controlled Study to Evaluate the Role of a Dietary Supplement Containing Pelargonium sidoides Extract, Honey, Propolis, and Zinc as Adjuvant Treatment in Children with Acute Tonsillopharyngitis. Children, 12(3), 345.
  • [21] Rodrigues Neto, E. M., Valadas, L. A. R., Lobo, P. L. D., Fonseca, S. G. D. C., Fechine, F. V., Lotif, M. A. L., Bandeira, M. A. M., Mendonça, J. F., de Mendonça, K. M., & Fonteles, M. M. F. (2021). Antimicrobial Efficacy of Propolis-Containing Varnish in Children: A Randomized and Double-Blind Clinical Trial. Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine: eCAM, 2021, 5547081.
  • [22] Kara, M., Sütçü, M., Kılıç, Ö., Gül, D., Tural Kara, T., Akkoç, G., Baktır, A., Bozdemir, Ş. E., Özgür Gündeşlioğlu, Ö., Yıldız, F., Yanar Ayanoğlu, C., Bozacı Kılıçoğlu, M., Yıldız, R., & Kara, A. (2025). Propolis as a Treatment Option for Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease (HFMD) in Children: A Prospective Randomized Clinical Study. Children (Basel, Switzerland), 12(6), 695.
  • [23] Oršolić, N., & Jazvinšćak Jembrek, M. (2024). Royal Jelly: Biological Action and Health Benefits. International journal of molecular sciences, 25(11), 6023.
  • [24] Mutlu, G., Akbulut, D., Aydın, N. S., & Mutlu, C. (2023). Fonksiyonel bir arıcılık ürünü olan arı sütünün bazı özellikleri ve sağlık üzerine etkileri. U. Arı D. / U. Bee J., 23(1), 138–152.
  • [25] Kumar, R., Thakur, A., Kumar, S., & Hajam, Y. A. (2024). Royal jelly a promising therapeutic intervention and functional food supplement: A systematic review. Heliyon, 10(17), e37138.
  • [26] Zahran A. M., Elsayh K. I., Saad K., Eloseily E. M., Osman N. S., Alblihed M. A., Badr G., & Mahmoud M. H. (2016). Effects of royal jelly supplementation on regulatory T cells in children with SLE. Food & Nutrition Research, 60.
  • [27] Bahoush, G., & Pahlevani, R. (2020). Evaluation of the effectiveness and safety of N-Chromosome Royal Jelly on the number of peripheral white blood cells in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Journal of Contemporary Medical Sciences, 6(6), 291–295.
  • [28] Živanović, S., Pavlović, D., Stojanović, N., & Veljković, M. (2019). Attitudes to and prevalence of bee product usage in pediatric pulmonology patients. European Journal of Integrative Medicine, 27, 81–86.
  • [29] Kekeçoğlu, M., Bellici, A. E., Yıldırım, İ., Kınalıkaya, A., Çaprazlı, T., & Yüksel, B. (2023). Arı ürünlerinin kullanımı ve apiterapi uygulamalarına bağlı istenmeyen etkileri: Sistematik derleme. Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine, 6(2), 169–183.
  • [30] Di Costanzo, M., De Paulis, N., Peveri, S., Montagni, M., Berni Canani, R., & Biasucci, G. (2021). Anaphylaxis caused by artisanal honey in a child: a case report. Journal of medical case reports, 15(1), 235.
  • [31] Bilir, Ö., Ersunan, G., Yavaşi, Ö., & Kalkan, A. (2016). Mad honey-related intoxication in an infant: A case report. Journal of Emergency Medicine Case Reports, 7, 80–81.
  • [32] Ahmed, A., Tul-Noor, Z., Lee, D., Bajwah, S., Ahmed, Z., Zafar, S., Syeda, M., Jamil, F., Qureshi, F., Zia, F., Baig, R., Ahmed, S., Tayyiba, M., Ahmad, S., Ramdath, D., Tsao, R., Cui, S., Kendall, C. W. C., de Souza, R. J., Khan, T. A., … Sievenpiper, J. L. (2023). Effect of honey on cardiometabolic risk factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutrition reviews, 81(7), 758–774.
  • [33] Ahmad, S., Campos, M. G., Fratini, F., Altaye, S. Z., & Li, J. (2020). New Insights into the Biological and Pharmaceutical Properties of Royal Jelly. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 21(2), 382.
  • [34] Baydaş, G., Aksoy, F. T., Güngördü Dalar, Z., Aksakal, M. N., Çoruhlu, İ., Çıbık, S., Özcan, E. S., Toptaş, Ö., & Kul, Z. (2024). Possible health problems caused by bee products and uncontrolled use. Türk Doğa ve Fen Dergisi, 13(1), 176–188.
  • [35] Végh, R., Csóka, M., Mednyánszky, Z., & Sipos, L. (2023). Potentially toxic trace elements in bee bread, propolis, beeswax and royal jelly - A review of the literature and dietary risk assessment. Chemosphere, 339, 139571.
  • [36] Wilczyńska, A., Żak, N., & Stasiuk, E. (2024). Content of Selected Harmful Metals (Zn, Pb, Cd) and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Honeys from Apiaries Located in Urbanized Areas. Foods (Basel, Switzerland), 13(21), 3451.
  • [37] Mushtaq, A., Khalid, S., Noor, M. J., & Khanoranga (2025). Honey Bee Products as Bio Indicator of Heavy Metals Pollution and Health Risk Assessment Through the Consumption of Multifloral Honey Collected in Azad Kashmir, Pakistan. Biological trace element research, 203(4), 2099–2113.
Toplam 37 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Polen Bilimi
Bölüm Derleme
Yazarlar

Meryem Basatemür

Gönderilme Tarihi 7 Kasım 2025
Kabul Tarihi 5 Aralık 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 19 Aralık 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Basatemür, M. (2025). Arı Ürünlerinin Çocuk Beslenmesi ve Genel Sağlık Üzerine Etkisi. BinBee – Arı ve Doğal Ürünler Dergisi, 5(2), 113-120.