Araştırma Makalesi
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Hemşirelerin Empati Eğilimleri ile Karşılanamayan Hemşirelik Bakımı Arasındaki İlişkinin Belirlenmesi

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2, 203 - 222, 31.08.2025
https://doi.org/10.58605/bingolsaglik.1690922

Öz

Araştırma hemşirelerin empati eğilimleri ile karşılanamayan hemşirelik bakımı arasındaki ilişkinin belirlenmesi amacıyla tanımlayıcı ve kesitsel olarak yapılmış bir çalışmadır. Çalışma Mart-Aralık 2024 tarihleri arasında ülkemizin batısında bulunan bir eğitim ve araştırma hastanesinde çalışan 323 hemşire ile yapılmıştır. Veriler katılımcıların sosyodemografik özelliklerini, Klinik Kişilerarası Reaktivite İndeksi ve Karşılanamayan Hemşirelik Bakımı Gereksinimleri ile Ölçeğini içeren anket formu ile toplanmıştır. Hemşirelerin %67.70’si kadın, yaş ortalamaları 32.231, %96.30’u klinik hemşiresi, %52.70’i 1-5 yıl yoğun bakımda çalıştıkları saptanmıştır. Hemşirelerin ölçek toplam puan ortalamaları sırasıyla (X̄=51.73±7.66), (X̄=47.26±12.04), (X̄=2.95±0.42)’dır. Hemşirelerin Klinik Kişilerarası Reaktivite İndeksi ile Karşılanamayan Hemşirelik Bakımı Gereksinimleri Ölçeği toplam puan ortalamaları arasında negatif yönlü, istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı ve zayıf bir ilişki; Hemşirelerin Klinik Kişilerarası Reaktivite İndeksi ile Hemşirelerin Karşılanamayan Hemşirelik Bakımı Nedenleri Ölçeği toplam puan ortalamaları arasında negatif yönlü, çok güçlü ve istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmuştur (p<0.05). Araştırma sonucunda hemşirelerin empati eğilimi arttıkça karşılanamayan hemşirelik bakımı gereksinimlerinin ve nedenlerinin azaldığı saptanmıştır.

Etik Beyan

Araştırmanın yapabilmesi için çalışmanın yapıldığı ildeki üniversitenin Sağlık Bilimleri Etik Kurulu’ndan (tarih: 23.01.2024, protokol no: 230151 ve karar no: 18) izin alınmıştır.

Destekleyen Kurum

yok

Teşekkür

Araştırmaya katılarak destek veren tüm hemşirelere teşekkür ediyoruz.

Kaynakça

  • Nantsupawat A, Poghosyan L, Wichaikhum O, Kunaviktikul W, Fang Y, MPhil SK, et.al. Nurse staffing, missed care, quality of care and adverse events: A cross-sectional study. J Nurs Manag. 2022;30:447-54. doi:10.1111/jonm.13501
  • Yurttaş A, Yıldız GN. Hemşirelik öğrencilerinin bireyselleştirilmiş bakım algısı ile empatik eğilim düzeyleri arasındaki ı̇lişki. Sağlık ve Toplum. 2023;33(2):102-9.
  • Er Korucu A, Çekiç Y, Uslu Şahan F. Hemşirelik öğrencilerinin empatik eğilimleri ve bireyselleştirilmiş bakım algıları. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi. 2021;14(4):370-8. doi:10.46483/deuhfed.984305
  • Aoki Y, Katayama H. Development of the Clinical Interpersonal Reactivity Index to evaluate nurses’ empathy. Nursing & Health Sciences. 2021;23(4):862-70. doi.10.1111/nhs.12875
  • Birgili F, Bulut Uğurlu N, Güler Dinçer N, Yazkan G, Alaca Ç, Acar F. Validity and reliability evaluation of the Turkish version of the clinical interpersonal reactivity index. Int J Nurs Pract. 2024;30(5):1-10. doi:10.1111/ijn.13220
  • Hayırlıoğlu Altıntaş Ü, Mete M. The intermediate effect of personality characteristics on the effect of managing stress in healthcare professionals on empathic tendency behaviour. Eurasian Econometrics Statistics and Emprical Economics Journal, 2023;(23):25-36. doi:10.17740/eas.stat.2023-V23-03
  • Kalisch BJ. Missed nursing care: a qualitative study. Journal of Nursing Care Quality. 2006;21(4):306-13.
  • Kalisch B.J, Williams RA. Development and psychometric testing of a tool to measure missed nursing care. J Nurs Adm. 2009b;39:211-9.
  • Kalisch BJ, Landstrom GL, Hinshaw AS. Missed nursing care: a concept analysis. J Adv Nurs. 2009a;65(7:1509-17.
  • Labrague LJ, Santos JAA, Fronda DC. Factors associated with missed nursing care and nurse-assessed quality of care during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Nursing Management, 2022;30(1):62-70. doi:10.1111/jonm.13483
  • Mainz H, Tei R, Andersen KV, Lisby M, Gregersen M. Prevalence of missed nursing care and its association with work experience: A cross-sectional survey. Int J Nurs Stud Adv. 2024;6:100196. doi:10.1016/j.ijnsa.2024.100196
  • Abare Y, Biresaw H, Misganaw M, Netsere B, Adal O. Missed nursing care and its associated factors in public hospitals of Bahir Dar City, Northwest Ethiopia: a cross- sectional study. BMJ Open. 2024;1:e081647. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2023-081647
  • Çiriş Yildiz C, Değirmenci Öz S, Yilmaz Kuşakli B, Korkmaz I. The relationship between work environment and missed nursing care in nurses: the moderator role of profession self-Efficacy. J Patient Saf. 2024;20(7):522-7. doi:10.1097/PTS.0000000000001266
  • Heng LMT, Rajasegeran DD, See AMT, Kannusamy P, Lim SH, Aloweni FBAB, et al. Original research: nurse-reported missed care and its association with staff demographics and the work environment. Am J Nurs. 2023;123(9):28-36. doi:10.1097/01.NAJ.0000978144.33445.5b
  • Güleşen G. Hemşirelik bakımında önemli bir kavram: karşılanamayan hemşirelik bakımı ve nedenleri. Türkiye Sağlık Bilimleri ve Araştırmaları Dergisi. 2022;5(1):42-9.
  • Labrague LJ, Cayaban AR. Association between patient safety culture and missed nursing care in healthcare settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Adv Nurs. 2025:1–13. doi:10.1111/jan.16758
  • Aksu Ç, Buğdaycı M Ayar D. Eksik hemşirelik bakımı; hemşire perspektifinden kesitsel bir çalışma. Gevher Nesibe Journal of Medical and Health Sciences, 2023;8(3):496-503. doi:10.5281/zenodo.8205179
  • Duman Ü, Arıkan F. Karşılanamayan hemşirelik bakımı ve advers olaylar. Akdeniz Nursing Journal, 2024;3(3):127-34. doi:10.59398 / ahd.1561305
  • Kalisch BJ, Terzioglu F, Duygulu S. The Misscare Survey-Turkish: psychometric properties and findings. Nursing Economics. 2012;30(1):29-37.
  • Aydın FN, Kabasakal KA. Regresyon ağaçları ve çoklu doğrusal regresyon analizlerinin PISA 2022 matematik okuryazarlığı becerisini yordama performanslarının incelenmesi. Journal of Uludag University Faculty of Education. 2024;37(3):1069-91.
  • Çokluk Ö, Şekercioğlu G, Büyüköztürk Ş. Sosyal bilimler için çok değişkenli istatistik: SPSS ve LISREL uygulamaları. Anakara: Pegem Akademi. 2018.
  • Sarstedt M, Mooi E. Regression analysis. A concise guide to market research: The process, data, and methods using. IBM SPSS Statistics. 2019:209-56.
  • Montgomery DC, Peck EA, Vining GG. Introduction to linear regression analysis. John Wiley and Sons. 2021.
  • Avcı D, Alp Yılmaz F. Association between Turkish clinical nurses' perceptions of individualized care and empathic tendencies. Perspect Psychiatr Care. 2021;57(2):524-30. doi:10.1111/ppc.12573
  • Aydın B. The Relationship Between Empathic Tendency and Communication Skills: An Investigation on Undergraduates at Karabuk University Department of Public Relations and Publicity. International Journal of Communication and Media Research. 2023;3(2):26-46.
  • Nebioğlu Yıldız M, Cankul Hİ, Peker S. Hekim ve hemşirelerde empatik eğilimlerinin iş doyumuna etkisi. International Social Sciences Studies Journal, 2021;7(81):1755-69.
  • Surat A, Çevik Kaya K. Hemşirelerin empatik eğilim düzeylerinn ve iletişim becerilerinin eleştirel düşünmeye etkisi. Bingöl Üniversitesi Sağlık Dergisi, 2023;5(1):95-104. doi:10.58605/bingolsaglik.1452820 Labrague LJ, Cayaban AR. Association between patient safety culture and missed nursing care in healthcare settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Adv Nurs. 2025;1–13. doi:10.1111/jan.16758
  • Amjad MA, Jahani S, Sayadi N, Cheraghian B. The relationship between missed nursing care, work environment Conditions and patient safety culture. Journal of Evidence-Based Care. 2023;13(3):35-41. doi:10.22038/EBCJ.2023.68288.2789
  • Kalisch BJ, Tschannen D, Lee H, Friese CR. Hospital variation in missed nursing care. Am J Med Qual. 2011;26(4):291-9.
  • Bruyneel A, Dello S, Dauvergne JE, Kohnen D, Sermeus W. Prevalence and risk factors for burnout, missed nursing care, and intention-to-leave the job among intensive care unit and general ward nurses: A cross-sectional study across six European countries in the COVID-19 era. Intensive Crit Care Nurs. 2025;86:103885. doi:10.1016/j.iccn.2024.103885 Smith JG, Rogowski JA, Lake ET. Missed care relates to nurse job enjoyment and intention to leave in neonatal intensive care. J Nurs Manag. 2020;28(8):1940-7. doi:10.1111/jonm.12943
  • Stemmer R, Bassi E, Ezra S, Harvey C, Jojo N, Meyer G, et al. A systematic review: unfinished nursing care and the impact on the nurse outcomes of job satisfaction, burnout, intention-to-leave and turnover. Journal of Advance Nursing. 2022;78(8):2290-303. doi:10.1111/jan.15286
  • Azzellino G, Dante A, Petrucci C, Caponnetto V, Aitella E, Lancia L, et al. Intention to leave and missed nursing care: A scoping review. Int J Nurs Stud Adv. 2025;8:100312. doi:10.1016/j.ijnsa.2025.100312 Cartaxo A, Dabney BW, Mayer H, Eberl I, Gonçalves L. External influencing factors on missed care in Austrian hospitals: testing the theoretical antecedents of missed care using structural equation modelling. J Adv Nurs. 2023;79(9):3569-84. doi:10.1111/jan.1570
  • Nahasaram ST, Ramoo V, Lee W L. Missed nursing care in the Malaysian context: A cross-sectional study from nurses' perspective. J Nurs Manag. 2021;29(6):1848-56. doi:10.1111/jonm.1328.
  • Andersson I, Bååth C, Nilsson J, Eklund AJ. A scoping review-missed nursing care in community healthcare contexts and how it is measured. Nurs Open. 2022;9(4):1943-66. doi:10.1002/nop2.945.
  • Gurkova E, Battonickova D, Miksovva Z, Labudikova M, Chocholkova D. Reasons for unfinished nursing care from the perspective of nurses from regional and university hospitals. Journal of Nursing and Social Sciences Related to Health and İllness. 2022;23(4):282-8. doi:10.32725/kont.2021.026 Al Muharraq EH, Alallah SM, Alkhayrat SA, Jahlan AG. An overview of missed nursing care and its predictors in Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study. Nursing Research and Practice, 2022;4971890:1-9. doi:10.1155/2022/4971890
  • Dursun Ergezen F, Çiftçi B, Yalın H, Geçkil E, Korkmaz Doğdu A, İlter SM, et al. Missed nursing care: a cross-sectional and multi-centric study from Turkey. Int J Nurs Pract. 2023;29(5):e13187. doi:10.1111/ijn.13187. Safdari A, Ramezani F, Ayubi E, Sadeghian E. The relationship between teamwork and the workload of nurses with missed nursing care in intensive care units in Iran: a cross-sectional study. BMC Health Services Research, 2025;25(1):1-8. doi:10.1186/s12913-025-12583-2 Gillespie BM, Harbck E, Chaboyer W. The frequency and reasons for missed nursing care in Australian perioperative nurses: A national survey. J Clin Nurs, 2025;34(3):883-93. doi:10.1111/jocn.17082

Determination of the Relationship Between Nurses’ Empathy Tendencies and Unmet Nursing Care

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2, 203 - 222, 31.08.2025
https://doi.org/10.58605/bingolsaglik.1690922

Öz

The study is a descriptive and cross-sectional study conducted to determine the relationship between nurses' empathy tendencies and unmet nursing care. The study was conducted with 323 nurses working in a training and research hospital in the west of our country between March and December 2024. Data were collected with a questionnaire form including the sociodemographic characteristics of the participants, the Clinical Interpersonal Reactivity Index, the Unmet Nursing Care Needs and Scale. It was determined that 67.70% of the nurses were female, their average age was 32.231, 96.30% were clinical nurses, and 52.70% had worked in intensive care for 1-5 years. The total scale score averages of the nurses are (X̄=51.73±7.66), (X̄=47.26±12.04), (X̄=2.95±0.42), respectively. A negative, statistically significant and weak relationship was found between the total mean scores of the Nurses’ Clinical Interpersonal Reactivity Index and the Unmet Nursing Care Needs Scale; a negative, very strong and statistically significant relationship was found between the total mean scores of the Nurses’ Clinical Interpersonal Reactivity Index and the Nurses’ Unmet Nursing Care Reasons Scale (p<0.05). As a result of the research, it was determined that as the nurses’ empathy tendency increased, the unmet nursing care needs and reasons decreased.

Etik Beyan

In order to conduct the research, permission was obtained from the Health Sciences Ethics Committee of the university in the province where the study was conducted (date: 23.01.2024, protocol number: 230151 and decision number: 18).

Destekleyen Kurum

none

Teşekkür

We thank all nurses who participated and supported the research.

Kaynakça

  • Nantsupawat A, Poghosyan L, Wichaikhum O, Kunaviktikul W, Fang Y, MPhil SK, et.al. Nurse staffing, missed care, quality of care and adverse events: A cross-sectional study. J Nurs Manag. 2022;30:447-54. doi:10.1111/jonm.13501
  • Yurttaş A, Yıldız GN. Hemşirelik öğrencilerinin bireyselleştirilmiş bakım algısı ile empatik eğilim düzeyleri arasındaki ı̇lişki. Sağlık ve Toplum. 2023;33(2):102-9.
  • Er Korucu A, Çekiç Y, Uslu Şahan F. Hemşirelik öğrencilerinin empatik eğilimleri ve bireyselleştirilmiş bakım algıları. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi. 2021;14(4):370-8. doi:10.46483/deuhfed.984305
  • Aoki Y, Katayama H. Development of the Clinical Interpersonal Reactivity Index to evaluate nurses’ empathy. Nursing & Health Sciences. 2021;23(4):862-70. doi.10.1111/nhs.12875
  • Birgili F, Bulut Uğurlu N, Güler Dinçer N, Yazkan G, Alaca Ç, Acar F. Validity and reliability evaluation of the Turkish version of the clinical interpersonal reactivity index. Int J Nurs Pract. 2024;30(5):1-10. doi:10.1111/ijn.13220
  • Hayırlıoğlu Altıntaş Ü, Mete M. The intermediate effect of personality characteristics on the effect of managing stress in healthcare professionals on empathic tendency behaviour. Eurasian Econometrics Statistics and Emprical Economics Journal, 2023;(23):25-36. doi:10.17740/eas.stat.2023-V23-03
  • Kalisch BJ. Missed nursing care: a qualitative study. Journal of Nursing Care Quality. 2006;21(4):306-13.
  • Kalisch B.J, Williams RA. Development and psychometric testing of a tool to measure missed nursing care. J Nurs Adm. 2009b;39:211-9.
  • Kalisch BJ, Landstrom GL, Hinshaw AS. Missed nursing care: a concept analysis. J Adv Nurs. 2009a;65(7:1509-17.
  • Labrague LJ, Santos JAA, Fronda DC. Factors associated with missed nursing care and nurse-assessed quality of care during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Nursing Management, 2022;30(1):62-70. doi:10.1111/jonm.13483
  • Mainz H, Tei R, Andersen KV, Lisby M, Gregersen M. Prevalence of missed nursing care and its association with work experience: A cross-sectional survey. Int J Nurs Stud Adv. 2024;6:100196. doi:10.1016/j.ijnsa.2024.100196
  • Abare Y, Biresaw H, Misganaw M, Netsere B, Adal O. Missed nursing care and its associated factors in public hospitals of Bahir Dar City, Northwest Ethiopia: a cross- sectional study. BMJ Open. 2024;1:e081647. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2023-081647
  • Çiriş Yildiz C, Değirmenci Öz S, Yilmaz Kuşakli B, Korkmaz I. The relationship between work environment and missed nursing care in nurses: the moderator role of profession self-Efficacy. J Patient Saf. 2024;20(7):522-7. doi:10.1097/PTS.0000000000001266
  • Heng LMT, Rajasegeran DD, See AMT, Kannusamy P, Lim SH, Aloweni FBAB, et al. Original research: nurse-reported missed care and its association with staff demographics and the work environment. Am J Nurs. 2023;123(9):28-36. doi:10.1097/01.NAJ.0000978144.33445.5b
  • Güleşen G. Hemşirelik bakımında önemli bir kavram: karşılanamayan hemşirelik bakımı ve nedenleri. Türkiye Sağlık Bilimleri ve Araştırmaları Dergisi. 2022;5(1):42-9.
  • Labrague LJ, Cayaban AR. Association between patient safety culture and missed nursing care in healthcare settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Adv Nurs. 2025:1–13. doi:10.1111/jan.16758
  • Aksu Ç, Buğdaycı M Ayar D. Eksik hemşirelik bakımı; hemşire perspektifinden kesitsel bir çalışma. Gevher Nesibe Journal of Medical and Health Sciences, 2023;8(3):496-503. doi:10.5281/zenodo.8205179
  • Duman Ü, Arıkan F. Karşılanamayan hemşirelik bakımı ve advers olaylar. Akdeniz Nursing Journal, 2024;3(3):127-34. doi:10.59398 / ahd.1561305
  • Kalisch BJ, Terzioglu F, Duygulu S. The Misscare Survey-Turkish: psychometric properties and findings. Nursing Economics. 2012;30(1):29-37.
  • Aydın FN, Kabasakal KA. Regresyon ağaçları ve çoklu doğrusal regresyon analizlerinin PISA 2022 matematik okuryazarlığı becerisini yordama performanslarının incelenmesi. Journal of Uludag University Faculty of Education. 2024;37(3):1069-91.
  • Çokluk Ö, Şekercioğlu G, Büyüköztürk Ş. Sosyal bilimler için çok değişkenli istatistik: SPSS ve LISREL uygulamaları. Anakara: Pegem Akademi. 2018.
  • Sarstedt M, Mooi E. Regression analysis. A concise guide to market research: The process, data, and methods using. IBM SPSS Statistics. 2019:209-56.
  • Montgomery DC, Peck EA, Vining GG. Introduction to linear regression analysis. John Wiley and Sons. 2021.
  • Avcı D, Alp Yılmaz F. Association between Turkish clinical nurses' perceptions of individualized care and empathic tendencies. Perspect Psychiatr Care. 2021;57(2):524-30. doi:10.1111/ppc.12573
  • Aydın B. The Relationship Between Empathic Tendency and Communication Skills: An Investigation on Undergraduates at Karabuk University Department of Public Relations and Publicity. International Journal of Communication and Media Research. 2023;3(2):26-46.
  • Nebioğlu Yıldız M, Cankul Hİ, Peker S. Hekim ve hemşirelerde empatik eğilimlerinin iş doyumuna etkisi. International Social Sciences Studies Journal, 2021;7(81):1755-69.
  • Surat A, Çevik Kaya K. Hemşirelerin empatik eğilim düzeylerinn ve iletişim becerilerinin eleştirel düşünmeye etkisi. Bingöl Üniversitesi Sağlık Dergisi, 2023;5(1):95-104. doi:10.58605/bingolsaglik.1452820 Labrague LJ, Cayaban AR. Association between patient safety culture and missed nursing care in healthcare settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Adv Nurs. 2025;1–13. doi:10.1111/jan.16758
  • Amjad MA, Jahani S, Sayadi N, Cheraghian B. The relationship between missed nursing care, work environment Conditions and patient safety culture. Journal of Evidence-Based Care. 2023;13(3):35-41. doi:10.22038/EBCJ.2023.68288.2789
  • Kalisch BJ, Tschannen D, Lee H, Friese CR. Hospital variation in missed nursing care. Am J Med Qual. 2011;26(4):291-9.
  • Bruyneel A, Dello S, Dauvergne JE, Kohnen D, Sermeus W. Prevalence and risk factors for burnout, missed nursing care, and intention-to-leave the job among intensive care unit and general ward nurses: A cross-sectional study across six European countries in the COVID-19 era. Intensive Crit Care Nurs. 2025;86:103885. doi:10.1016/j.iccn.2024.103885 Smith JG, Rogowski JA, Lake ET. Missed care relates to nurse job enjoyment and intention to leave in neonatal intensive care. J Nurs Manag. 2020;28(8):1940-7. doi:10.1111/jonm.12943
  • Stemmer R, Bassi E, Ezra S, Harvey C, Jojo N, Meyer G, et al. A systematic review: unfinished nursing care and the impact on the nurse outcomes of job satisfaction, burnout, intention-to-leave and turnover. Journal of Advance Nursing. 2022;78(8):2290-303. doi:10.1111/jan.15286
  • Azzellino G, Dante A, Petrucci C, Caponnetto V, Aitella E, Lancia L, et al. Intention to leave and missed nursing care: A scoping review. Int J Nurs Stud Adv. 2025;8:100312. doi:10.1016/j.ijnsa.2025.100312 Cartaxo A, Dabney BW, Mayer H, Eberl I, Gonçalves L. External influencing factors on missed care in Austrian hospitals: testing the theoretical antecedents of missed care using structural equation modelling. J Adv Nurs. 2023;79(9):3569-84. doi:10.1111/jan.1570
  • Nahasaram ST, Ramoo V, Lee W L. Missed nursing care in the Malaysian context: A cross-sectional study from nurses' perspective. J Nurs Manag. 2021;29(6):1848-56. doi:10.1111/jonm.1328.
  • Andersson I, Bååth C, Nilsson J, Eklund AJ. A scoping review-missed nursing care in community healthcare contexts and how it is measured. Nurs Open. 2022;9(4):1943-66. doi:10.1002/nop2.945.
  • Gurkova E, Battonickova D, Miksovva Z, Labudikova M, Chocholkova D. Reasons for unfinished nursing care from the perspective of nurses from regional and university hospitals. Journal of Nursing and Social Sciences Related to Health and İllness. 2022;23(4):282-8. doi:10.32725/kont.2021.026 Al Muharraq EH, Alallah SM, Alkhayrat SA, Jahlan AG. An overview of missed nursing care and its predictors in Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study. Nursing Research and Practice, 2022;4971890:1-9. doi:10.1155/2022/4971890
  • Dursun Ergezen F, Çiftçi B, Yalın H, Geçkil E, Korkmaz Doğdu A, İlter SM, et al. Missed nursing care: a cross-sectional and multi-centric study from Turkey. Int J Nurs Pract. 2023;29(5):e13187. doi:10.1111/ijn.13187. Safdari A, Ramezani F, Ayubi E, Sadeghian E. The relationship between teamwork and the workload of nurses with missed nursing care in intensive care units in Iran: a cross-sectional study. BMC Health Services Research, 2025;25(1):1-8. doi:10.1186/s12913-025-12583-2 Gillespie BM, Harbck E, Chaboyer W. The frequency and reasons for missed nursing care in Australian perioperative nurses: A national survey. J Clin Nurs, 2025;34(3):883-93. doi:10.1111/jocn.17082
Toplam 36 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Hemşirelik Esasları
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Melisa Şenol Kenter 0000-0001-8823-5207

Fatma Birgili 0000-0001-5017-0225

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 31 Ağustos 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Ağustos 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 3 Mayıs 2025
Kabul Tarihi 24 Mayıs 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

Vancouver Şenol Kenter M, Birgili F. Hemşirelerin Empati Eğilimleri ile Karşılanamayan Hemşirelik Bakımı Arasındaki İlişkinin Belirlenmesi. BÜSAD. 2025;6(2):203-22.