Derleme
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Diş Hekimliğinde Uygulanan 3D Yazıcı Teknolojisi: Bir Derleme

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2, 250 - 265, 31.08.2025
https://doi.org/10.58605/bingolsaglik.1694419

Öz

Son yıllarda dijital teknolojinin hızla ilerlemesi, 3D yazıcıların kullanımında önemli bir artışa yol açmıştır. Havacılık, savunma sanayi, sanat ve tasarım gibi alanlarda yaygın olarak kullanılan 3D baskı teknolojileri, diş hekimliğinde de önem kazanmıştır. Çeşitli malzemeler ve yöntemler kullanılarak, bu teknolojiler hem hasta hem de hekim konforunu artırırken, çalışma süresini de azaltmıştır. Dijital teknolojilerin getirdiği yeniliklerin sayısız faydası, onları giderek daha popüler hale getirmiştir.
Günümüzde 3D baskı, maksillofasiyal cerrahi için rehber üretimi, ortodonti için model oluşturma, diş eti cerrahisi, protetik diş tedavilerinde çıkarılabilir ve sabit kuron köprü protezleri ve dişdental implantları üretimi dahil olmak üzere çeşitli diş uygulamalarında kullanılmaktadır. Ayrıca çocuk diş hekimliğinde yer tutucu olarak da kullanılmaktadır.
Bu incelemenin amacı, ışıkla kürlenen reçinelerin 3D üretim sürecinde kullanımına genel bir bakış sağlamaktır. Ek olarak, bu inceleme, eklemeli üretim teknolojilerine, bu teknolojilerde kullanılan malzemelere ve bunların avantaj ve dezavantajlarına ilişkin bilgiler sunmayı amaçlamaktadır.

Etik Beyan

Bu makale bir derleme çalışması olup, doğrudan insan veya hayvan üzerinde deneysel araştırma içermemektedir. Çalışmada kullanılan tüm bilgiler, yayımlanmış bilimsel kaynaklardan derlenmiş olup, ilgili kaynaklara uygun atıflar yapılmıştır. Yazar(lar), çalışmada yer alan tüm bilgilerin doğruluğunu ve kaynakların güvenilirliğini beyan eder. Ayrıca, makale hazırlanırken intihal ve etik ihlallere kesinlikle yer verilmediğini taahhüt eder.

Destekleyen Kurum

YOK

Kaynakça

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  • Zaharia C, Gabor A-G, Gavrilovici A, Stan AT, Idorasi L, Sinescu C, et al. Digital dentistry-3D printing applications. Journal of Interdisciplinary Medicine. 2017;2(1):50-3.
  • Lin L, Fang Y, Liao Y, Chen G, Gao C, Zhu P. 3D printing and digital processing techniques in dentistry: a review of literature. Advanced Engineering Materials. 2019;21(6):1801013.
  • AndonoviĆ V, Vrtanoski G. Growing rapid prototyping as a technology in dental medicine. Mech Eng Sci J 2010; 29: 31–39.
  • Liu Q, Leu M C, Schmitt S M. Rapid prototyping in dentistry: technology and application. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 2006; 29: 317–335.
  • Berman B. 3-D printing: The new industrial revolution. Business horizons 2012;55(2):155-162.
  • Oberoi G, Nitsch S, Edelmayer M, Janjić K, Müller AS, Agis H. 3D Printing-Encompassing the Facets of Dentistry. Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2018;6:172.
  • Dawood A, Marti Marti B, Sauret-Jackson V, Darwood A. 3D printing in dentistry [published correction appears in Br Dent J. 2016 Jan 22;220(2):86.
  • Tsolakis IA, Gizani S, Panayi N, Antonopoulos G, Tsolakis AI. Three-Dimensional Printing Technology in Orthodontics for Dental Models: A Systematic Review. Children (Basel). 2022;9(8):1106.
  • Chakravorty S, Trivedi H, Sahai RR, Kouser A, Tekam DA, Jain A. 3D Printing: Opening New Horizons in Dentistry. J Pharm Bioallied Sci. 2024;16(Suppl 1):S8-S10.
  • Etemad-Shahidi Y, Qallandar OB, Evenden J, Alifui-Segbaya F, Ahmed KE. Accuracy of 3-Dimensionally Printed Full-Arch Dental Models: A Systematic Review. J Clin Med. 2020;9(10):3357.
  • Jeong M, Radomski K, Lopez D, Liu JT, Lee JD, Lee SJ. Materials and Applications of 3D Printing Technology in Dentistry: An Overview. Dent J (Basel). 2023;12(1):1.
  • Hull, Charles W. “Apparatus for production of threedimensional objects by stereolithography.” United States Patent, Appl., No. 638905, Filed 1984.
  • Xu J, Shu Q. Application of 3D printing techniques in treatment of congenital heart disease. Journal of Zhejiang University (Medical Science). 2019;48(5):573-9.
  • Singi S, Sibal A, Patel A. 3D Printing in dentistry: A paradigm shift from fiction to reality. J Res Med Dent Sci 2022;10:47 52.
  • Van Noort R. The future of dental devices is digital. Dent Mater. 2012;28(1):3-12.
  • Jayaraj A, Jayakrishnan SS, Shetty KP, Nillan K, Shetty RR, Govind SL. 3D printing in dentistry: A new dimension of vision. Int J Appl Dent Sci 2019;5:165‑9.
  • Hoy MB. 3D printing: Making things at the library. Medical Reference Services Quarterly 2013; 32(1): 93-99.
  • Shah P, Chong BS. 3D imaging, 3D printing and 3D virtual planning in endodontics. Clin Oral Investig. 2018;22(2):641-654.
  • Jasveer S, Jianbin X. Comparison of different types of 3D printing technologies. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications 2018; 8(4): 1-9.
  • Schmidleithner C, Kalaskar DM. Stereolithography. IntechOpen; 2018.
  • Carneiro O.S, Silva A, Gomes R. Fused deposition modeling with polypropylene. Mater. Des. 2015;83:768–776.
  • Kessler A, Hickel R, Reymus M. 3D Printing in Dentistry-State of the Art. Oper Dent. 2020;45(1):30-40.
  • Anderson J, Wealleans J, Ray J. Endodontic applications of 3D printing. Int Endod J. 2018;51(9):1005-1018.
  • Rezaie F, Beheshti M, Alizadeh M, Tahriri M, Zandinejad A. 3D printing of dental prostheses: Current and emerging applications. J Compos Sci. 2023;7(2):80.
  • Jockusch J, Özcan M. Additive manufacturing of dental polymers: An overview on processes, materials and applications. Dent Mater J. 2020;39(3):345–354.
  • Zhang Y, Zhang W, Yang M, et al. Comprehensive review of polyetheretherketone use in dentistry. J Prosthodont Res. 2025;69(2):215-232.
  • Alqutaibi AY, Baik A, Almuzaini SA, et al. Polymeric Denture Base Materials: A Review. Polymers (Basel). 2023;15(15):3258. Published 2023 Jul 31.
  • Alammar A, Kois JC, Revilla-León M, Att W. Additive Manufacturing Technologies: Current Status and Future Perspectives. J Prosthodont. 2022;31(S1):4-12.
  • Kihara H, Sugawara S, Yokota J, et al. Applications of three-dimensional printers in prosthetic dentistry. J Oral Sci. 2021;63(3):212-216.
  • Jang Y, Sim JY, Park JK, Kim WC, Kim HY, Kim JH. Evaluation of the marginal and internal fit of a single crown fabricated based on a three-dimensional printed model. J Adv Prosthodont. 2018;10(5):367-373.
  • Sim JY, Jang Y, Kim WC, Kim HY, Lee DH, Kim JH. Comparing the accuracy (trueness and precision) of models of fixed dental prostheses fabricated by digital and conventional workflows. J Prosthodont Res. 2019;63(1):25-30.
  • Choi JW, Ahn JJ, Son K, Huh JB. Three-Dimensional Evaluation on Accuracy of Conventional and Milled Gypsum Models and 3D Printed Photopolymer Models. Materials (Basel). 2019;12(21):3499.
  • Chen H, Li H, Zhao Y, Zhang X, Wang Y, Lyu P. Adaptation of removable partial denture frameworks fabricated by selective laser melting. J Prosthet Dent. 2019;122(3):316-324.
  • Tasaka A, Shimizu T, Kato Y, et al. Accuracy of removable partial denture framework fabricated by casting with a 3D printed pattern and selective laser sintering. J Prosthodont Res. 2020;64(2):224-230.
  • Anadioti E, Musharbash L, Blatz MB, Papavasiliou G, Kamposiora P. 3D printed complete removable dental prostheses: a narrative review. BMC Oral Health. 2020;20(1):343. Published 2020 Nov 27.
  • Choi JJE, Uy CE, Plaksina P, Ramani RS, Ganjigatti R, Waddell JN. Bond Strength of Denture Teeth to Heat-Cured, CAD/CAM and 3D Printed Denture Acrylics. J Prosthodont. 2020;29(5):415-421.
  • Lin AY, Yarholar LM. Plastic Surgery Innovation with 3D Printing for Craniomaxillofacial Operations. Mo Med. 2020;117(2):136-142.
  • Wu AM, Shao ZX, Wang JS, et al. The accuracy of a method for printing three-dimensional spinal models. PLoS One. 2015;10(4):e0124291.
  • Hanasono MM, Jacob RF, Bidaut L, Robb GL, Skoracki RJ. Midfacial reconstruction using virtual planning, rapid prototype modeling, and stereotactic navigation. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2010;126(6):2002-2006.
  • Pradíes G, Morón-Conejo B, Martínez-Rus F, Salido MP, Berrendero S. Current applications of 3D printing in dental implantology: A scoping review mapping the evidence. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2024;35(8):1011-1032.
  • Javaid M, Haleem A. Current status and applications of additive manufacturing in dentistry: A literature-based review. Journal of Oral Biology and Craniofacial Research 2019; 9(3): 179-185.
  • Louvrier A, Marty P, Barrabé A, et al. How useful is 3D printing in maxillofacial surgery?. J Stomatol Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2017;118(4):206-212.
  • Liu YF, Xu LW, Zhu HY, Liu SSY. Technical procedures for template-guided surgery for mandibular reconstruction based on digital design and manufacturing. Biomedical Engineering Online 2014; 13(1): 63.
  • Tarsitano A, Ciocca L, Scotti R, Marchetti C. Morphological results of customized microvascular mandibular reconstruction: A comparative study. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2016;44(6):697-702.
  • Pillai S, Upadhyay A, Khayambashi P, et al. Dental 3D-Printing: Transferring Art from the Laboratories to the Clinics. Polymers (Basel). 2021;13(1):157.
  • Erickson DM, Chance D, Schmitt S, Mathis J. An opinion survey of reported benefits from the use of stereolithographic models. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1999;57(9):1040-1043.
  • Al-Halabi MN, Bshara N, Nassar JA, Comisi JC, Alawa L. Comparatıve Assessment Of Novel 3d Prınted Resın Crowns Versus Dırect Celluloıd Crowns In Restorıng Pulp Treated Prımary Molars. J Evid Based Dent Pract. 2022;22(1):101664.
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3D Printing Technology Applied to Dentistry: A Review

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2, 250 - 265, 31.08.2025
https://doi.org/10.58605/bingolsaglik.1694419

Öz

In recent years, the rapid advancement of digital technology has led to a significant increase in the use of 3D printers. 3D printing technologies, which are widely used in fields such as aviation, the defense industry, art, and design, have also gained importance in dentistry. By utilizing various materials and methods, these technologies have enhanced both patient and physician comfort, while reducing working time. The numerous benefits of innovations brought by digital technologies have made them increasingly popular.
Today, 3D printing is used in various dental applications, including the production of guides for maxillofacial surgery, the creation of models for orthodontics, gingival surgery, removable and fixed crown bridge prostheses in prosthetic dental treatments, as well as the production of dental implants. It is also used as a space maintainer in pediatric dentistry.
The purpose of this review is to provide a general overview of the use of light-cured resins in the 3D production process. Additionally, this review aims to offer insights into additive manufacturing technologies, the materials used in these technologies, and their respective advantages and disadvantages.

Etik Beyan

This article is a review study and does not involve experimental research on humans or animals. All information included in the study has been compiled from published scientific sources, with appropriate citations provided. The author(s) declare the accuracy of the information and the reliability of the sources. Furthermore, it is confirmed that no plagiarism or ethical violations were committed during the preparation of this manuscript.

Kaynakça

  • Cicciù M, Fiorillo L, D’Amico C, Gambino D, Amantia EM, Laino L, et al. 3D digital impression systems compared with traditional techniques in dentistry: A recent data systematic review. Materials. 2020;13(8):1982.
  • Zaharia C, Gabor A-G, Gavrilovici A, Stan AT, Idorasi L, Sinescu C, et al. Digital dentistry-3D printing applications. Journal of Interdisciplinary Medicine. 2017;2(1):50-3.
  • Lin L, Fang Y, Liao Y, Chen G, Gao C, Zhu P. 3D printing and digital processing techniques in dentistry: a review of literature. Advanced Engineering Materials. 2019;21(6):1801013.
  • AndonoviĆ V, Vrtanoski G. Growing rapid prototyping as a technology in dental medicine. Mech Eng Sci J 2010; 29: 31–39.
  • Liu Q, Leu M C, Schmitt S M. Rapid prototyping in dentistry: technology and application. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 2006; 29: 317–335.
  • Berman B. 3-D printing: The new industrial revolution. Business horizons 2012;55(2):155-162.
  • Oberoi G, Nitsch S, Edelmayer M, Janjić K, Müller AS, Agis H. 3D Printing-Encompassing the Facets of Dentistry. Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2018;6:172.
  • Dawood A, Marti Marti B, Sauret-Jackson V, Darwood A. 3D printing in dentistry [published correction appears in Br Dent J. 2016 Jan 22;220(2):86.
  • Tsolakis IA, Gizani S, Panayi N, Antonopoulos G, Tsolakis AI. Three-Dimensional Printing Technology in Orthodontics for Dental Models: A Systematic Review. Children (Basel). 2022;9(8):1106.
  • Chakravorty S, Trivedi H, Sahai RR, Kouser A, Tekam DA, Jain A. 3D Printing: Opening New Horizons in Dentistry. J Pharm Bioallied Sci. 2024;16(Suppl 1):S8-S10.
  • Etemad-Shahidi Y, Qallandar OB, Evenden J, Alifui-Segbaya F, Ahmed KE. Accuracy of 3-Dimensionally Printed Full-Arch Dental Models: A Systematic Review. J Clin Med. 2020;9(10):3357.
  • Jeong M, Radomski K, Lopez D, Liu JT, Lee JD, Lee SJ. Materials and Applications of 3D Printing Technology in Dentistry: An Overview. Dent J (Basel). 2023;12(1):1.
  • Hull, Charles W. “Apparatus for production of threedimensional objects by stereolithography.” United States Patent, Appl., No. 638905, Filed 1984.
  • Xu J, Shu Q. Application of 3D printing techniques in treatment of congenital heart disease. Journal of Zhejiang University (Medical Science). 2019;48(5):573-9.
  • Singi S, Sibal A, Patel A. 3D Printing in dentistry: A paradigm shift from fiction to reality. J Res Med Dent Sci 2022;10:47 52.
  • Van Noort R. The future of dental devices is digital. Dent Mater. 2012;28(1):3-12.
  • Jayaraj A, Jayakrishnan SS, Shetty KP, Nillan K, Shetty RR, Govind SL. 3D printing in dentistry: A new dimension of vision. Int J Appl Dent Sci 2019;5:165‑9.
  • Hoy MB. 3D printing: Making things at the library. Medical Reference Services Quarterly 2013; 32(1): 93-99.
  • Shah P, Chong BS. 3D imaging, 3D printing and 3D virtual planning in endodontics. Clin Oral Investig. 2018;22(2):641-654.
  • Jasveer S, Jianbin X. Comparison of different types of 3D printing technologies. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications 2018; 8(4): 1-9.
  • Schmidleithner C, Kalaskar DM. Stereolithography. IntechOpen; 2018.
  • Carneiro O.S, Silva A, Gomes R. Fused deposition modeling with polypropylene. Mater. Des. 2015;83:768–776.
  • Kessler A, Hickel R, Reymus M. 3D Printing in Dentistry-State of the Art. Oper Dent. 2020;45(1):30-40.
  • Anderson J, Wealleans J, Ray J. Endodontic applications of 3D printing. Int Endod J. 2018;51(9):1005-1018.
  • Rezaie F, Beheshti M, Alizadeh M, Tahriri M, Zandinejad A. 3D printing of dental prostheses: Current and emerging applications. J Compos Sci. 2023;7(2):80.
  • Jockusch J, Özcan M. Additive manufacturing of dental polymers: An overview on processes, materials and applications. Dent Mater J. 2020;39(3):345–354.
  • Zhang Y, Zhang W, Yang M, et al. Comprehensive review of polyetheretherketone use in dentistry. J Prosthodont Res. 2025;69(2):215-232.
  • Alqutaibi AY, Baik A, Almuzaini SA, et al. Polymeric Denture Base Materials: A Review. Polymers (Basel). 2023;15(15):3258. Published 2023 Jul 31.
  • Alammar A, Kois JC, Revilla-León M, Att W. Additive Manufacturing Technologies: Current Status and Future Perspectives. J Prosthodont. 2022;31(S1):4-12.
  • Kihara H, Sugawara S, Yokota J, et al. Applications of three-dimensional printers in prosthetic dentistry. J Oral Sci. 2021;63(3):212-216.
  • Jang Y, Sim JY, Park JK, Kim WC, Kim HY, Kim JH. Evaluation of the marginal and internal fit of a single crown fabricated based on a three-dimensional printed model. J Adv Prosthodont. 2018;10(5):367-373.
  • Sim JY, Jang Y, Kim WC, Kim HY, Lee DH, Kim JH. Comparing the accuracy (trueness and precision) of models of fixed dental prostheses fabricated by digital and conventional workflows. J Prosthodont Res. 2019;63(1):25-30.
  • Choi JW, Ahn JJ, Son K, Huh JB. Three-Dimensional Evaluation on Accuracy of Conventional and Milled Gypsum Models and 3D Printed Photopolymer Models. Materials (Basel). 2019;12(21):3499.
  • Chen H, Li H, Zhao Y, Zhang X, Wang Y, Lyu P. Adaptation of removable partial denture frameworks fabricated by selective laser melting. J Prosthet Dent. 2019;122(3):316-324.
  • Tasaka A, Shimizu T, Kato Y, et al. Accuracy of removable partial denture framework fabricated by casting with a 3D printed pattern and selective laser sintering. J Prosthodont Res. 2020;64(2):224-230.
  • Anadioti E, Musharbash L, Blatz MB, Papavasiliou G, Kamposiora P. 3D printed complete removable dental prostheses: a narrative review. BMC Oral Health. 2020;20(1):343. Published 2020 Nov 27.
  • Choi JJE, Uy CE, Plaksina P, Ramani RS, Ganjigatti R, Waddell JN. Bond Strength of Denture Teeth to Heat-Cured, CAD/CAM and 3D Printed Denture Acrylics. J Prosthodont. 2020;29(5):415-421.
  • Lin AY, Yarholar LM. Plastic Surgery Innovation with 3D Printing for Craniomaxillofacial Operations. Mo Med. 2020;117(2):136-142.
  • Wu AM, Shao ZX, Wang JS, et al. The accuracy of a method for printing three-dimensional spinal models. PLoS One. 2015;10(4):e0124291.
  • Hanasono MM, Jacob RF, Bidaut L, Robb GL, Skoracki RJ. Midfacial reconstruction using virtual planning, rapid prototype modeling, and stereotactic navigation. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2010;126(6):2002-2006.
  • Pradíes G, Morón-Conejo B, Martínez-Rus F, Salido MP, Berrendero S. Current applications of 3D printing in dental implantology: A scoping review mapping the evidence. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2024;35(8):1011-1032.
  • Javaid M, Haleem A. Current status and applications of additive manufacturing in dentistry: A literature-based review. Journal of Oral Biology and Craniofacial Research 2019; 9(3): 179-185.
  • Louvrier A, Marty P, Barrabé A, et al. How useful is 3D printing in maxillofacial surgery?. J Stomatol Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2017;118(4):206-212.
  • Liu YF, Xu LW, Zhu HY, Liu SSY. Technical procedures for template-guided surgery for mandibular reconstruction based on digital design and manufacturing. Biomedical Engineering Online 2014; 13(1): 63.
  • Tarsitano A, Ciocca L, Scotti R, Marchetti C. Morphological results of customized microvascular mandibular reconstruction: A comparative study. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2016;44(6):697-702.
  • Pillai S, Upadhyay A, Khayambashi P, et al. Dental 3D-Printing: Transferring Art from the Laboratories to the Clinics. Polymers (Basel). 2021;13(1):157.
  • Erickson DM, Chance D, Schmitt S, Mathis J. An opinion survey of reported benefits from the use of stereolithographic models. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1999;57(9):1040-1043.
  • Al-Halabi MN, Bshara N, Nassar JA, Comisi JC, Alawa L. Comparatıve Assessment Of Novel 3d Prınted Resın Crowns Versus Dırect Celluloıd Crowns In Restorıng Pulp Treated Prımary Molars. J Evid Based Dent Pract. 2022;22(1):101664.
  • Rana V, Srivastava N, Kaushik N, Kapoor S. 3D space management in mixed dentition. J Posit Sch 2022;6:4207 10.
  • Pawar BA. Maintenance of space by innovative three dimensional printed band and loop space maintainer. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent 2019;37:205 8.
  • Tyagi R, Kalra N, Khatri A, Kulood MK, Garg N. Three dimensional printing: Fine tuning of the face of pediatric dentistry. SRM J Res Dent Sci 2022;13:25 31.
  • Jheon AH, Oberoi S, Solem RC, Kapila S. Moving towards precision orthodontics: An evolving paradigm shift in the planning and delivery of customized orthodontic therapy. Orthod Craniofac Res. 2017;20 Suppl 1:106-113.
  • Normando D. 3D Orthodontics - from Verne to Shaw. Dental Press J Orthod. 2014;19(6):12-13.
  • Rheude B, Lionel Sadowsky, Ferriera A, Jacobson A. An evaluation of the use of digital study models in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. Angle Orthod 2005; 75(3): 300-304.
  • Narita M, Takaki T, Shibahara T, Iwamoto M, Yakushiji T, Kamio T. Utilization of desktop 3D printer-fabricated "Cost-Effective" 3D models in orthognathic surgery. Maxillofac Plast Reconstr Surg. 2020;42(1):24.
  • Cassetta M, Ivani M. The accuracy of computer-guided piezocision: a prospective clinical pilot study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2017;46(6):756-765.
  • Wilcko WM, Wilcko T, Bouquot JE, Ferguson DJ. Rapid orthodontics with alveolar reshaping: two case reports of decrowding. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent. 2001;21(1):9-19.
  • Park CH, Rios HF, Taut AD, Padial-Molina M, Flanagan CL, Pilipchuk SP, Hollister SJ, Giannobile WV. Image-based, fiber guiding scaffolds: a platform for regenerating tissue interfaces. Tissue Eng Part C Methods. 2014 Jul;20(7):533-42.
  • Rasperini G, Pilipchuk SP, Flanagan CL, et al. 3D-printed Bioresorbable Scaffold for Periodontal Repair. J Dent Res. 2015;94(9 Suppl):153S-7S.
  • Sufaru IG, Macovei G, Stoleriu S, et al. 3D Printed and Bioprinted Membranes and Scaffolds for the Periodontal Tissue Regeneration: A Narrative Review. Membranes (Basel). 2022;12(9):902.
  • Goh BT, Teh LY, Tan DB, Zhang Z, Teoh SH. Novel 3D polycaprolactone scaffold for ridge preservation--a pilot randomised controlled clinical trial. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2015;26(3):271-277.
  • Roulet JF. Benefits and disadvantages of tooth-coloured alternatives to amalgam. J Dent 1997;25:459-73.
  • Manhart J, Chen H, Hamm G, Hickel R. Buonocore memorialecture. Review of the clinical survival of direct and indirect restorations in posterior teeth of the permanent dentition. Oper Dent 2004;29:481-508.
  • Alharbi N, Alharbi S, Cuijpers VMJI, Osman RB, Wismeijer D. Three-dimensional evaluation of marginal and internal fit of 3D-printed interim restorations fabricated on different finish line designs. J Prosthodont Res. 2018;62(2):218-226.
  • Balestra D, Lowther M, Goracci C, et al. 3D Printed Materials for Permanent Restorations in Indirect Restorative and Prosthetic Dentistry: A Critical Review of the Literature. Materials (Basel). 2024;17(6):1380.
  • Cvek M, Granath L, Lundberg M. Failures and healing in endodontically treated non-vital anterior teeth with posttraumatically reduced pulpal lumen. Acta Odontol Scand. 1982;40(4):223-8.
  • Amir FA, Gutmann JL, Witherspoon DE. Calcific metamorphosis: a challenge in endodontic diagnosis and treatment. Quintessence Int. 2001 Jun;32(6):447-55.
  • Zubizarreta Macho Á, Ferreiroa A, Rico-Romano C, Alonso-Ezpeleta LÓ, Mena-Álvarez J. Diagnosis and endodontic treatment of type II dens invaginatus by using cone-beam computed tomography and splint guides for cavity access: a case report. J Am Dent Assoc. 2015 Apr;146(4):266-70.
  • Van der Meer WJ, Vissink A, Ng YL, Gulabivala K. 3D Computer aided treatment planning in endodontics. J Dent. 2016 Feb;45:67-72.
  • Krastl G, Zehnder MS, Connert T, Weiger R, Kühl S. Guided Endodontics: a novel treatment approach for teeth with pulp canal calcification and apical pathology. Dent Traumatol. 2016 Jun;32(3):240-246.
  • Kühl S, Payer M, Zitzmann NU, Lambrecht JT, Filippi A. Technical accuracy of printed surgical templates for guided implant surgery with the coDiagnostiX ™ software. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2015 Jan;17 Suppl 1:e177-82.
  • Byun C, Kim C, Cho S, Baek SH, Kim G, Kim SG, Kim SY. Endodontic Treatment of an Anomalous Anterior Tooth with the Aid of a 3-dimensional Printed Physical Tooth Model. J Endod. 2015 Jun;41(6):961-5.
  • Reis T, Barbosa C, Franco M, et al. 3D-Printed Teeth in Endodontics: Why, How, Problems and Future-A Narrative Review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(13):7966.
  • Tian Y, Chen C, Xu X, et al. A Review of 3D Printing in Dentistry: Technologies, Affecting Factors, and Applications. Scanning. 2021;2021:9950131.
  • Alharbi N, Wismeijer D, Osman RB. Additive Manufacturing Techniques in Prosthodontics: Where Do We Currently Stand? A Critical Review. Int J Prosthodont. 2017;30(5):474–484.
  • Zafar MJ, Zhu D, Zhang Z. 3D Printing of Bioceramics for Bone Tissue Engineering. Materials (Basel). 2019;12(20):3361.
  • Rezaie F, Farshbaf M, Dahri M, et al. 3D Printing of Dental Prostheses: Current and Emerging Applications. J Compos Sci. 2023;7(2):80.
  • Chander NG, Gopi A. Trends and future perspectives of 3D printing in prosthodontics. Med J Armed Forces India. 2024;80(4):399-403.
  • Khorsandi D, Fahimipour A, Abasian P, et al. 3D and 4D printing in dentistry and maxillofacial surgery: Printing techniques, materials, and applications. Acta Biomater. 2021;122:26-49.
  • Mohd N, Razali M, Ghazali MJ, Abu Kasim NH. Current Advances of Three-Dimensional Bioprinting Application in Dentistry: A Scoping Review. Materials (Basel). 2022;15(18):6398.
Toplam 80 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Dijital Sağlık, Tıp Eğitimi
Bölüm Derlemeler
Yazarlar

Eyyüp Altıntaş 0000-0002-7767-9694

Bülent Kadir Tartuk 0000-0003-2282-8944

Gizem Akın Tartuk 0000-0003-1979-9724

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 31 Ağustos 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Ağustos 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 7 Mayıs 2025
Kabul Tarihi 20 Mayıs 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

Vancouver Altıntaş E, Tartuk BK, Akın Tartuk G. 3D Printing Technology Applied to Dentistry: A Review. BÜSAD. 2025;6(2):250-65.