Potential for the Use of the Entomopathogenic Fungus Beauveria bassiana in the Biological Control of Cryptolestes ferrugineus and Acanthoscelides obtectus

Öz

In this study, the effectiveness of different conidial suspensions of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) on stored product pests Acanthoscelides obtectus (Bean Seed Beetle) (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) and Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Rusty Grain Beetle) (Coleoptera, Laemophloeidae) was aimed to be determined. For this purpose, suspensions of B. bassiana isolate at concentrations of 106, 107, and 108 conidia/ml were used, with sterile water as a negative control and a recommended Declare (EC 25 g/l) as a positive control. The application was set up in three replicates, with 10 adults in each replicate, and applied using the spraying method. To calculate the percentage of mortality, Petri dishes were regularly checked every 24 hours from the application, and the numbers of live and dead adults were recorded. According to the obtained data, it was determined that B. bassiana isolate was effective against C. ferrugineus at a rate of 80% and against A. obtectus at a rate of 56.67% after 168 hours. Among the applied suspensions, the most effective suspension was recorded at 108 conidia/ml. As a result, the entomopathogenic fungus B. bassiana (ET 10) isolate used as a biological control agent, is considered a promising biological control agent against the storage pests C. ferrugineus and A. obtectus.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Acanthoscelides obtectus
• Beauveria bassiana
• Biological Control
• Cryptolestes ferrugineus

Entomopatojen fungus Beauveria bassiana’nın Cyptolestes ferrugineus ve Acanthoscelides obtectus’un biyolojik mücadelesinde kullanılma potansiyeli

Öz

Bu çalışmada, depolanmış ürün zararlılarından Acanthoscelides obtectus (Fasulye Tohum Böceği) (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) ve Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Küçük Kırma Biti) (Coleoptera, Laemophloeidae) üzerine entomopatojen fungus Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo)’nın farklı conidia süspansiyonlarının etkinliğinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla, B. bassiana izolatının 106, 107 ve 108 conidia/ml süspansiyonları, negatif kontrol olarak steril su ve pozitif kontrol olarak ise tavsiye edilen Declare (EC 25 g/l Delthametrin) kullanılmıştır. Uygulama 3 tekerrürlü ve her tekerrürde 10’ar adet ergin olacak şekilde kurulmuş ve püskürtme yöntemi ile uygulama yapılmıştır. Yüzde ölüm oranlarını hesaplamak amacıyla uygulamadan itibaren düzenli olarak 24 saat aralıklarla Petrilerin kontrolleri yapılmış, canlı ve ölü ergin sayıları kaydedilmiştir. Elde edilen verilere göre; 168 saat sonunda B. bassiana (ET 10) izolatının C. ferrugineus’a karşı %80, A. obtectus’a karşı %56.67 oranlarında etkili olduğu belirlenmiştir. Uygulanan süspansiyonlar arasında en etkili süspansiyonun 108 conidia/ml olduğu kaydedilmiştir. Sonuç olarak biyolojik mücadele ajanı olarak kullanılan entomopatojen fungus B. bassiana (ET 10) izolatının depo zararlısı olan C. ferrugineus ve A. obtectus’a kaşı ümitvar bir biyolojik mücadele etmeni olarak kullanabileceği düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Acanthoscelides obtectus
• Beauveria bassiana
• Biyolojik mücadele
• Cryptolestes ferrugineus

Kaynakça

1. Abass AB, Ndunguru G, Mamiro P, Alenkhe B, Mlingi N, Bekunda M (2014). Post-harvest food losses in a maize-based farming system of semi-arid savannah area of Tanzania. Journal of Stored Products Research 57: 49-57.
2. Abdel-Raheem MA, Ismail IA, Abdel-Rahman RS, Abdel-Rhman IE, Naglaa F (2015). Efficacy of three entomopathogenic fungi on tomato leaf miner, Tuta absoluta in tomato crop in Egypt. Swift Journals of Agricultural Research 1(2): 15-20.
3. Ak K (2019). Efficacy of entomopathogenic fungi against the stored-grain pests, Sitophilus granarius L. and S. oryzae L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control 29: 1-7.
4. Amobonye A, Bhagwat P, Pandey A, Singh S, Pillai S (2020). Biotechnological potential of Beauveria bassiana as a source of novel biocatalysts and metabolites. Critical Reviews in Biotechnology 40(7): 1019-1034.
5. Athanassiou CG, Palyvos NE (2006). Laboratory evaluation of two diatomaceous earth formulations against Blattisocius keegani Fox (Mesostigmata, Ascidae) and Cheyletus malaccensis Oudemans (Prostigmata: Cheyletidae). Biological Control 38: 350-355.
6. Baoua IB, Amadou L, Abdourahmane M, Bakoye O, Baributsa D, Murdock LL (2015). Grain storage and insect pests of stored grain in rural Niger. Journal of Stored Products Research 64: 8-12.
7. Bharathi SKV, Priya V, Eswaran V, Moses JA, Sujeetha ARP (2017). Insect infestation and losses in stored food grains. Ecology, Environment and Conservation 23: 286-291.
8. Bharathi VSK, Jian F, Jayas DS (2023). Biology, Ecology, and Behavior of Rusty Grain Beetle (Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens)). Insects 14(7): 590.

9. Bouchelos KT (2018). Insects of warehouses and food. Embryo Publications, Athens, Greece, p. 133. (in Greek). Brouns F, Bjorck I, Frayn KN, Gibbs AL, Lang V, Slama G, Wolever TMS (2005). Glycaemic index methodology. Nutrition Research Reviews 18: 145-171.
10. Bugeme DM, Maniania NK, Knapp M, Boga HI (2008). Effect of temperature on virulence of Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae isolates to Tetranychus evansi. Experimental and Applied Acarology 46: 275-285. Canhilal R (2016). The use of entomopathogens in the controlling of insect pests of stored product. Scientific Papers Series A Agronomy 59: 235-240.
11. Crespo R, Juárez MP, Dal Bello GM, Padín S, Fernández GC, Pedrini N (2002). Increased mortality of Acanthoscelides obtectus by alkane-grown Beauveria bassiana. Biocontrol 47: 685-696.
12. Cox PD, Wakefield ME, Price N, Wildey KB, Chambers J, Moore D, Muro MAd, Bell, BA (2004). The potential use of insect-specific fungi to control grain storage pests in empty grain stores. HGCA project report 49pp.
13. Dadaşoğlu F, Tozlu E, Tozlu G, Tatar M, Kotan R (2023). Fungal and bacterial bioagents efficiency on the control of potato pest Phthorimaea operculella via ingestion or contact. Journal of Agricultural Production 4(1): 72-80.
14. Dal Bello G, Padín S, Juárez P, Pedrini N, De Giusto M (2006). Biocontrol of Acanthoscelides obtectus and Sitophilus oryzae with diatomaceous earth and Beauveria bassiana on stored grains. Biocontrol Science and Technology 16: 215-220.
15. Dar SA, Wani SH, Mir SH, Showkat A, Dolkar T, Dawa T (2021). Biopesticides: mode of action, efficacy and scope in pest management. Journal of Advanced Research in Biochemistry and Pharmacology 4: 1-8.
16. Er MK, Işıkber AA, Tunaz H, Ücük C, Aydın F, Öz A (2014). Prevalence of fungal infections in pest insects of stored wheat in Turkey. 11th International Working Conference on Stored Product Protection, 24-28 November 2014; Chiang Mai, Thailand. pp. 222.
17. Er MK, Tunaz H, Ücük C, Barış C, Işıkber AA (2016). Occurrence of entomopathogenic fungi on insect pests of stored wheat and maize in Central and South Anatolia in Turkey. Turkish Journal of Entomology 40(3): 249-263. Ferizli AG, Beris G, Baspinar E (2005). Mortality and F1 production of Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) on wheat treated with diatomaceous earth; impact of biological and environmental parameters on efficacy. Journal of Pest Science 78: 231-238.
18. Gabarty A, El Nour SA (2016). Impact of wheat flour infestation by some insects on its quantity and quality loss, fungal contamination and mycotoxins. International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 18: 1122-1130.
19. Golshan H, Saber M, Majdi-Shilsar F, Bagheri M, Mahdavi V (2013). Effects of common pesticides used in rice fields on the conidial germination of several isolates of entomopathogenic fungi, Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. Journal of the Entomological Research Society 15(1): 17-22.
20. Hubert J, Stejskal V, Lukáš J (2002). Current importance of various groups of arthropods as sources of allergens in stored grain in Czech Republic. Alergie 4: 27-33.
21. Javed K, Javed H, Mukhtar T, Qiu D (2019). Pathogenicity of some entomopathogenic fungal strains to green peach aphid, Myzus persicae Sulzer (Homoptera: Aphididae). Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control 29(92): 1-7.
22. Kiewnick S (2006). effect of temperature on growth, germination, germ-tube extension and survival of Paecilomyces lilacinus strain 251. Biocontrol Science Technology 16: 535-546.
23. Kumar D, Kalita P (2017). Reducing postharvest losses during storage of grain crops to strengthen food security in developing countries. Foods 6(1): 8.
24. Kumar S, Sultana R (2015). Investigation on entomopathogenic fungi an effective microbial agent against locusts and grasshoppers in Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Entomology 30(1): 51-54.
25. Liu K, Zhang C, Xu J, Liu Q (2021). Research advance in gas detection of volatile organic compounds released in rice quality deterioration process. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety 20: 5802-5828.
26. Maina UM, Galadima IB, Gambo FM, Zakaria DJJOE (2018). A review on the use of entomopathogenic fungi in the management of insect pests of field crops. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 6(1): 27-32.
27. Michalaki MP, Athanassiou CG, Teenberg T, Buchelos CTH (2007). Effect of Paecilomyces fumosoroseus (Wise) Brown and Smith (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) alone or in combination with diatomaceous earth against Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) and Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Biological Control 40: 280-286.
28. Mishra S, Kumar P, Malik A (2015). Effect of temperature and humidity on pathogenicity of native Beauveria bassiana isolate against Musca domestica L. Journal of Parasitic Diseases 39: 697-704.
29. Njoroge AW, Affognon H, Mutungi C, Richter U, Hensel O, Rohde B, Mankin RW (2017). Bioacoustics of Acanthoscelides obtectus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae) on Phaseolus vulgaris (Fabaceae). Florida Entomologist 100(1): 109-115.
30. Nta AI, Mofunanya AAJ, Ogar VB, Omara-Achong TE (2019). Comparative effect of Acanthoscelides obtectus (Say) Infestation on nutrients of Phaseolus vulgaris (Linn.) and Phaseolus acutifolius (Gray). Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 22(10): 494-501.
31. Ortiz-Urquiza A, Keyhani NO (2013). Action on the surface: Entomopathogenic fungi versus the insect cuticle. Insects 4: 357-374.
32. Padin S, Dal Bello GM, Fabrizio M (2002). Grain loss caused by Tribolium castaneum, Sitophilus oryzae and Acanthoscelides obtectus in stored durum wheat and beans treated with Beauveria bassiana. Journal of Stored Products Research 38(1): 69-74.
33. Padmini PCP, Padmaja V (2010). Impact of different relative humidities on in vitro growth and sporulation of entomopathogenic fungal isolates of Beauveria species. International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biological Archive 1: 355-359.
34. Phillips TW, Throne JE (2010). Biorational approaches to managing stored-product insects. Annual Review of Entomology 55: 375-397.
35. Poppy GM, Jepson PC, Pickett JA, Birkett MA (2014). Achieving food and environmental security: new approaches to close the gap. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 369: 20120272.
36. Porca M, Ghizdavu I, Oltean I, Bunescu H (2003). Researches in artificial infestation condition and storage condition of some bean cultivars at bean weevil damage, Acanthoscelides obtectus Say. Journal Central European Agriculture 4(1): 33-38.
37. Quesada-Moraga E, Alain V (2004). Bassiacridin a protein toxic for locusts secreted by the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana. Mycological Research 108(Pt 4): 441–452.
38. Rajendran S (2020). Insect pest management in stored products. Outlooks on Pest Management 31(1): 24-35.
39. Rodríguez-González Á, Mayo S, González-López Ó, Reinoso B, Gutierrez S, Casquero PA (2017). Inhibitory activity of Beauveria bassiana and Trichoderma spp. on the insect pests Xylotrechus arvicola (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) and Acanthoscelides obtectus (Coleoptera: Chrisomelidae: Bruchinae). Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 189: 12.
40. Rumbos CI, Athanassiou CG (2017). Use of entomopathogenic fungi for the control of stored-product insects: can fungi protect durable commodities. Journal of Pest Science 90: 839-854.
41. Sabbour MM (2012). Evaluations of some bioagents against the rice weevil Sitophilus oryzae under laboratory and store conditions. IOBC-WPRS Bulletin 81: 135-142.
42. Sahab AF, Sabbour MM (2011). Virulence of four entomopathogenic fungi on some cotton pests with especial reference to impact of some pesticides, nutritional and environmental factors on fungal growth. Egypt Journal of Biological Pesticid Control 21(1): 61-67.
43. Samada LH, Tambunan USF (2020). Biopesticides as promising alternatives to chemical pesticides: A review of their current and future status. OnLine Journal of Biological Sciences 20: 66-76.
44. Sathya G, Jayas DS, White NDG (2008). Safe storage guidelines for rye. Biosystems Engineering 50: 31-38.
45. Searle T, Doberski J (1984). An investigation of the entomogenous fungus Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. as a potential biological control agent for Oryzaephilus surinamensis. Journal of Stored Products Research 20: 17-23.
46. Sevim A, Sevim E, Demirci M (2015). Virulence of entomopathogenic fungi and bacteria against stored product pests. Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi 11(2): 79-87.
47. Sharma A, Shukla A, Attri K, Kumar M, Kumar P, Suttee A, Singla N (2020). Global trends in pesticides: A looming threat and viable alternatives. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 201: 110812.
48. Sheeba, G., Seshadri, S., Raja, N., Janarthanan, S., Ignacimuthu, S., 2001. Efficacy of Beauveria bassiana for the control of the rice weevil Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae. Applied Entomology and Zoology 36: 117-120.
49. Sönmez E (2021). Effect of nostalgist BL on biology of Acanthoscelides obtectus (Say) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). Pakistan Journal of Zoology 54(4): 1549-1555.
50. Subramanyam B, Hagstrum DW (Eds.) (2012). Alternatives to Pesticides in Stored-Product IPM. Springer Science & Business Media, Heidelberg, Germany.
51. Şen K, Koca AS, Kaçar G (2020). Fasulye tohum böceği Acanthoscelides obtectus Say (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)’un önemi, biyolojisi, zararı ve mücadelesi. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology 10(3): 1518-1527.
52. Taddese M, Dibaba K, Bayissa W, Hunde D, Mendesil E, Kassie M, Mutungi C, Tefera T (2020). Assessment of quantitative and qualitative losses of stored grains due to insect infestation in Ethiopia. Journal of Stored Products Research 89: 101689.
53. Tangtrakulwanich K, Reddy GVP, Wu S, Miller JH, Ophus VL, Prewett J (2014). Efficacy of entomopathogenic fungi and nematodes, and low risk insectisides against wheat stem sawfly, Cephus cinctus (Hymenoptera: Cephidae). Journal of Agricultural Science 6(5): 1-9.
54. Tozlu E, Kotan R, Tozlu G (2017). The investigation of Beauveria bassiana (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) as a biocontrol agent of rose-stem sawfly, Syrista parreyssii (Spinola, 1843) (Hymenoptera: Symphyta; Cephidae) larvae. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin 26(12): 7091-7100.
55. Tozlu E, Saruhan I, Tozlu G, Kotan R, Dadaşoğlu F, Tekiner N (2019). Potentials of some entomopathogens against the brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys (Stål, 1855)(Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control 29(1): 1-8.
56. Tozlu E, Tekiner N, Tozlu G, Kotan R, Çalmaşur Ö, Göktürk T, Dadaşoğlu F (2020). The investigation of the biological control of Icerya purchasi Maskell, 1878 (Hemiptera: Margarodidae) with entomopathogenic fungi and bacteria. Alınteri Journal of Agriculture Science 35(1): 50-56.
57. Tozlu E, Tozlu G, Kotan R, Çalmaşur Ö, Dadaşoğlu, F. (2021). Investigation of some enthomopathogens as biocontrol agents of Tinocallis (Sappocallis) saltans (Nevsky, 1929) (Hemiptera: Aphididae). Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry 45(2): 124-132.
58. Tozlu E, Tozlu G, Kotan R, Tekiner N, Dadaşoğlu F, Göktürk T (2022). Eco-friendly control method against invasive pest box tree moth, (Cydalima perspectalis (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)). Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control 32(1): 1-8.
59. Vanmathi JS, Padma LC, Ranjit Sngh AJA. (2011). Impact of entomopathogenic fungus, Beauveria bassiana on stored grains pest, Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). Journal of Biopesticides 4(2): 194-197.
60. Wakefield ME (2006). Factors affecting storage ınsect susceptibility to the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana. Proceeding of the 9th International Working Conference on Stored Product Protection, ABRAPOS, Passa Fundo, RS, Brazil, pp 855-862.
61. Wakil W, Schmitt T (2015). Field trials on the efficacy of Beauveria bassiana, diatomaceous earth and imidacloprid for the protection of wheat grains from four major stored grain insect pests. Journal of Stored Products Research 64: 160-167.
62. Wakil W, Kavallieratos NG, Ghazanfar MU, Usman M, Habib A, El-Shafie HA (2021). Efficacy of different entomopathogenic fungal isolates against four key stored-grain beetle species. Journal of Stored Products Research, 93: 101845.
63. Wakil W, Kavallieratos NG, Eleftheriadou N, Yaseen T, Rasool KG, Husain M, Aldawood AS (2023). Natural warriors against stored-grain pests: the joint action of Beauveria bassiana and Steinernema carpocapsae. Journal of Fungi 9(8): 835.
64. Wan H (2003). Molecular Biology of the Entomopathogenic Fungus Beauveria Bassiana: Insect-Cuticle Degrading Enzymes and Development of a New Selection Marker For Fungal Transformation. Phd, Ruperto-Carola University, Heidelberg, Germany.
65. Zibaee A, Bandani AR, Sendi JJ (2013). Pathogenicity of Beauveria bassiana to fall webworm (Hyphantria cunea) (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae) on different host plants. Plant Protection Science 49(4): 169-176.