Domateste Meloidogyne incognita ve Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. radicis lycopersici hastalık kompleksinin bazı esansiyel yağlar kullanılarak yönetimi

Öz

Domateste, ticari kekik (Origanum vulgare L.), adaçayı (Salvia officinalis L.), sarımsak (Allium sativum L.), susam (Sesame indicum L.), biberiye (Rosmarinus officinalis L., syn. Salvia rosmarinus Spenn.), limon (Citrus limon (L.) Osbeck) ve hardal (Brassica nigra L.) esansiyel yağlarının (Botalife Natural and Aromatic Products Inc., Türkiye) eş zamanlı Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White, 1919) Chitwood, 1949 ve Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. radicis lycopersici (Jarvis & Shoemaker) (FORL) inokulasyonunda hastalık şiddeti üzerine etkileri araştırılmıştır. Pozitif kontrol olarak nematisit (Velum®, Fluopyram, Bayer Crop Production Inc., Türkiye) ve fungisit (Cebir®, Fludioxonil + Metalaxyl, Hektaş Crop Production Inc., Türkiye) kullanılmıştır. Negatif kontrol sadece nematod ve fungus inokulasyonu yapılan bitkilerden oluşmuştur. Çalışma, her bir uçucu yağ için 5 tekerrürlü tesadüf parselleri deneme deseninde kurulmuştur. Eş zamanlı inokulasyonlarda her bir fide için 1000 M. incognita ikinci dönem larva/1ml ve 3x106 spor/ml FORL kullanılmıştır. Uçucu yağ uygulamaları, nematod ve fungus inokulasyonundan bir gün sonra her saksı için 1000 ppm dozunda toprağa uygulanmıştır. Çalışma 60 gün sonra sonlandırılmış ve değerlendirme gal, yumurta paketi ve hastalık şiddetine göre yapılmıştır. Köklerde fungus büyümesi ve nematod gelişimi, test edilen tüm yağ uygulamalarında negatif kontrole göre daha düşük bulunmuştur, ancak fungus gelişimi ve nematod aktivitesi değişiklik göstermiştir. Kekik ve sarımsak uçucu yağları eş zamanlı inokulasyonda nematod ve fungus üzerinde %55.20 ile en yüksek kontrol etkisine sahip olmuş ve bu etki sadece nematod (%38.84) ve sadece fungisit (%33.20) uygulamalarından daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Adaçayı (%38.84), biberiye (%33.28) ve hardal (%38.92) esansiyel yağlarının, susam (%22.16) ve limona (%22.16) göre hastalık şiddetini daha fazla baskıladığı bulunmuştur. Kekik ve sarımsak esansiyel yağlarının kök ur nematodu ve FORL hastalık komplekslerini yönetmek için iyi birer alternatif olduğu belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• hastalık kompleksi
• uçucu yağ
• sarımsak
• kök ur nematodu
• kekik
• disease complex
• essential oil
• garlic
• root-knot nematode
• thyme

Management of disease complex of Meloidogyne incognita and Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. radicis lycopersici on tomato using some essential oils

Abstract

The effects of commercial thyme (Origanum vulgare L.), sage (Salvia officinalis L.), garlic (Allium sativum L.), sesame (Sesame indicum L.) , rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L., syn. Salvia rosmarinus Spenn.), lemon (Citrus limon (L.) Osbeck) and mustard (Brassica nigra L.) essential oils (Botalife Natural and Aromatic Products Inc., Türkiye) on disease severity were investigated in simultaneous inoculation of Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White, 1919) Chitwood, 1949 and Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. radicis lycopersici (Jarvis & Shoemaker) (FORL) on tomato. Nematicide (Velum®, Fluopyram, Bayer Crop Production Inc., Türkiye) and fungicide (Cebir®, Fludioxonil + Metalaxyl, Hektaş Crop Production Inc., Türkiye) were used as positive controls. The negative control was only plants with nematode and fungus inoculation. The study was set up in a randomized plot design with 5 replications for each essential oil. In simultaneous inoculations, 1000 M. incognita second juvenile larvae/1ml and 3x106 spore/ml FORL were used for each seedling. The essential oil applications were applied to the soil at a dose of 1000 ppm for each pot, one day after the nematode and fungus inoculation. The study was terminated after 60 days, and the evaluation was based on gall, egg mass, and disease severity. Fungal growth and nematode development on roots were found lower in all tested oils applications than in negative control but fungicidal and nematicidal activity varied. Thyme and garlic essential oils had the highest control effect on nematode and fungus with 55.20% in simultaneous inoculation and this effect was higher than only nematicide (38.84%) and only fungicide (33.20%) applications. Sage (38.84%), rosemary (33.28%), and mustard (38.92%) essential oils were found to suppress disease severity higher than sesame (22.16%) and lemon (22.16%). It has been determined that thyme and garlic essential oils are good alternatives to manage root-knot nematode and FORL disease complexes.

Keywords

• disease complex
• essential oil
• garlic
• root-knot nematode
• thyme

Kaynakça

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