Turunçgil bahçesinde farklı renk tuzaklarındaki yaprakbiti aktivitesi

Yıl 2023, , 19 - 29, 31.03.2023

Mehmet Karacaoğlu , Işıl Özdemir , Mustafa Özdemir , Serdar Satar

https://doi.org/10.16955/bitkorb.1253486

Öz

Yaprakbitleri, floem ve ksilemden bitki özsuyu ile beslenir ve ballı madde oluşumuna neden olurlar. Bu zarar daha çok kanatsız yaprakbitleri tarafından yapılır, ancak kanatlı yaprakbitleri virüs nakli gibi ekonomik açıdan daha önemli sorunları meydana getirirler. Kanatlı ve kanatsız yaprakbitlerinin mücadelesinde kültürel, biyolojik, biyoteknik ve kimyasal mücadele metotları uygulanır. Yaprakbitlerinin uçuş aktivitesini kontrol etmek zordur, çünkü tek bir bireyin hastalığı bulaştırması için bir dakika ya da yarım saatlik beslenme yeterlidir. Entegre zararlı yönetimi stratejilerinden (IPM) faydalanmak veya bunları kullanmak için, yaprakbiti popülasyonunun izlenmesi, gerekli mücadele yöntemine karar vermek için ilk ve en kritik adımdır. Bu çalışma yaprakbitinin yayılma zamanını ve kanatlı bireylerinden hedefe yönelik örnekleme yöntemini anlamak amacıyla Ekim 2009-Ekim 2011 tarihleri arasında Çukurova Üniversitesi Bitki Koruma Deneme İstasyonunda yürütülmüştür. Meyve bahçesine Eylül 2002'de 5 x 3 m aralıklarla toplam 400 ağaç dikilmiştir. Sıra aralarına musluk suyu ve az miktarda sıvı sabun doldurulmuş boyalı (beyaz, kırmızı, mavi, sarı ve yeşil) su tuzakları (18 x 32 cm) yerleştirilmiş, her bir tuzak yerden 120 cm yükseklikteki bir platform üzerine oturtulmuştur. Farklı renkte boyalı su tuzakları, kanatlı yaprakbitlerinin yakalanmasına etkisinin belirlenmesi ve karşılaştırabilmesi için kullanılmıştır. Yakalanan tüm bireylerin, preparatı yapıldıktan sonra mikroskop altında teşhisleri yapılmıştır. Teşhis işleminden sonra küme analizleri, renk seçimi ve benzerlik indeksine göre değerlendirilmiştir. Bu çalışmada yaprakbitlerine farklı renklerde çekici tuzakların etkisi araştırılmıştır. Sarı renkli tuzak, yaprakbitleri için en güçlü çekiciliği göstermiş, ancak yaprakbitleriyle birlikte diğer zararlı ve faydalı türleri de çekmiştir. Denemede kullanılan diğer renkli tuzaklar (yeşil, beyaz, kırmızı ve mavi renk) çekicilik ve çevre dostu mücadele açısından yaprakbitlerinin biyoteknik mücadelesinde önerilebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

popülasyon takibi, renkli tuzaklar, benzerlik, Türkiye

Flight activity of aphids in different colour traps on citrus orchard

Öz

Aphids feed on plant sap from the phloem and xylem and cause the formation of honeydew. This damage is mostly done by wingless aphids, but winged aphids pose more economically important problems such as virus transmission. Cultural, biological, biotechnical and chemical control methods are used in the control of winged and wingless aphids. The flight activity of aphids is difficult to control because a minute or half an hour of feeding is sufficient for a single individual to transmit the disease. In order to benefit from or use integrated pest management strategies (IPM), monitoring the aphid population is the first and most critical step in deciding on the necessary control method. This study was carried out at Çukurova University Plant Protection Experiment Station between October 2009 and October 2011 in order to understand the propagation time of aphids and the targeted sampling method from poultry individuals. A total of 400 trees were planted in the orchard in September 2002 at 5 x 3 m intervals. Different color painted (white, red, blue, yellow and green) water traps (18 x 32 cm) filled with tap water and a small amount of liquid soap were placed between the rows, and each trap was placed on a platform, 120 cm above the ground. Different color painted water traps were used to determine and compare the capture of winged aphids. All captured individuals were diagnosed under the microscope after the preparation was made. After diagnosis, cluster analyzes were evaluated according to color selection and similarity index. In this study, the effect of different colored attractive traps on aphids was investigated. Yellow colored trap showed the strongest attraction for aphids and also for many other pests and beneficial insects groups. Other colored (green, white, red and blue color) traps used in the trial can be recommended in terms of attractiveness and environmentally friendly control for the biotechnical control of aphids.

Anahtar Kelimeler

population tracking, colored traps, similarity, Türkiye

Kaynakça

• Akyürek B., Zeybekoğlu Ü., Görür G., Karavin M., 2019. New records for aphid fauna of Turkey from Samsun province. Munis Entomology & Zoology, 14 (2), 383-388.
• Blackman R.L., Eastop V.F., 1984. Aphids on the word’s crops. An Identification Guide, Wiley, Chichester, UK, pp: 414.
• Blackman R.L., Eastop V.F., 1994. Aphids on the world’s trees: An Identification and Information Guide. C.A.B. International Walligford, pp: 415.
• Blackman R.L., Eastop V.F., 2000. Aphids on the world’s crops: An identification quide. Second Edition, A Wiley, Intenscience Publication, pp: 414.
• Blackman R.L., Eastop V.F., 2006. Aphids on the world's herbaceous plants and shrubs, Volume Set 2. John Wiley & Sons Chichester (England).
• Blackman R. L., Eastop V. F., 2023. Aphids of the world’s plants: an online identification and information guide. World Wide Web electronic publication. http://www. aphidsonworldsplants. info (date of accessed:13 January 2023).
• Boileau G., Parry R.H., 1985. Monitoring of inflights of green peach aphids, Myzus persicae (Sulzer), in New Brunswick potato fields by yellow pans from 1974 to 1983: results and degree-day simulation. American Potato Journal, 62, 489-496.
• Everitt B., Dunn G., 2001. Applied multivariate data analysis. Oxford University Press Inc., New York.
• Görür G., Senol O., Gezici G., Akyildirim Begen H., Parmaksiz D., 2017. New aphid (Hemiptera: Aphidoidea) records from South Eastern Parts of Turkey. Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics, 3 (3), 257–264.
• Görür G., Şenol Ö., Akyıldırım Beğen H., Akyürek B., 2023. Turkish aphid. www.turkishaphid.com. (date of accessed: 16.02.2023).
• Heie O.E., 1992. Idem: IV. Family Aphididae: Part 1 of tribe Macrosiphini of subfamily Aphidinae. Fauna Entomologica Scandivanica. 25, 188.
• Heie O.E., 1995. The Aphidoidea of Fennoscandia and Denmark VI. Aphidinae. Part 3 of Macrosiphini and Lachnidae. Fauna Entomologica Scandivanica. 31, 222 pp.
• Hille Ris Lambers D., 1950. On mounting aphids and other softskinned insects. Entomologische Berichten, XIII, 55-58.
• Karacaoğlu M., Satar S., 2010. Effects of some insecticides on the aphid parasitoid Binodoxys angelicae (Haliday) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in citrus orchards. Plant Protection Bulletin,, 50 (4), 201--211.
• Kevan P.G., Backhaus W.G.K., 1998. Color vision: ecology and evolution in making the best of the photic environment. In: Backhaus W., Kliegl R., Werner J.S. (eds.) Color vision: perspectives from different disciplines. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin.
• Kök Ş., Özdemir I., 2021. Annotated systematic checklist of the aphids (Hemiptera: Aphidomorpha) of Turkey. Zootaxa, 4925 (1), 001–074. https://doi.org/ 10.11646 /zootaxa.4925.1.1.
• Kök Ş., Özdemir I., 2022. Alien aphids (Hemiptera: Aphidomorpha) of Türkiye. Trakya University Journal of Natural Sciences, 23 (special issue), 9-22. doi: 10.23902/trkjnat.1110724
• Leong J.M, Thorp R.W., 1999. Colour-coded sampling: the pan trap colour preferences of oligolectic and nonoligolectic bees associated with a vernal pool plant. Ecological Entomology, 24 (3), 329–335.
• Nault L.R., 1997. Arthropod transmission of plant viruses: a new synthesis. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 90 (5), 521–541. doi:10.1093/aesa/ 90.5.521
• Nieto Nafria J.M., Andreev A.V., Binazzi A., Mier Durante M.P., Perez Hidalgo N., Rakauskas R., Stekolshchikov A., 2013. Fauna Europaea: Aphidoidea. Fauna Europaea version 2.6.2. Available from: http://www.faunaeur.org (date of accessed: 25.01.2017).
• Niesenbaum R.A, Patselas M.G, Weiner S.D., 1999. Does flower color change in Aster imineuscue pollinators. The American Midland Naturalist141 (1), 59–68.
• Özdemir I., Güner Ü., Oksal H.D., Başaran M.S., Kepenekci İ., 2011. Plantings aphid with seed potatoes detected virus vector and weed species in area relations, Turkey. IV. Plant Protection Congress Proceedings 28-30 June, Kahramanmaraş (Poster presentation).
• Özdemir I., 2020. Some new records on aphid (Hemiptera, Aphididae) fauna of Turkey and aphid-host plant interactions. Journal of the Entomological Research Society, 22 (2), 191-201.
• Parry R.H., 1987. Aphid and virus management in potatoes in eastern Canada. In: G. Boiteau, R.P. Singh and R.H. Parry (eds.), Symposium on Improving Potato Pest Protection, Fredericton, N.B. Canada, Potato Pest Management in Canada, pp. 9-22, Canada-New Brunswick Agri-Food Development Agreement.
• Peters D., 1987. Spread of viruses in potato crops, pp. 126-145. In J.A. de Bokx and J.P.H. van der Want (eds.), Viruses of potatoes and seed-potato production. Pudoc, Wageningen.
• Roberts S.P.M., Szentgyorgyi H., Tscheulin T., Vaissiere B.E., Woyciechowski M., Biesmeijer J.C., Kunin W.E., Settele J., Steffan-Dewenter I., 2008. Measuring bee diversity in different European habitats and biogeographical regions. Ecological Monographs, 78 (4), 653–671.
• Saraç I., Özdemir I., Karaca İ., 2015. Aphids species in citrus orchards of Antalya province. Munis Entomology & Zoology, 10 (2), 358-369.
• Satar S., Satar G., Karacaoğlu M., Uygun N., Kavallieratos N.G., Starý P., Athanassiou CG., 2014. Parasitoids and hyperparasitoids (Hymenoptera) on aphids (Hemiptera) infesting citrus in east Mediterranean region of Turkey. Journal of Insect Science, 14 (1), 178. doi: 10.1093/jisesa/ieu040
• Schwarz R.E., 1964. Aphid-borne virus diseases of citrus and their vectors in South Africa. B. flight activity of citrus aphids. South African Journal of Agricultural Science, 8, 931-940.
• Thomas D., 2014. How aphids find their host plants, and how they don't. Annals of Applied Biology, 165 (1), 3-26.
• Toros S., Uygun N., Ulusoy R., Satar S., Özdemir I., 2002. Aphidoidea species in the eastern mediterranean region. T.C. Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, General Directorate of Agricultural Research, 108 p.
• Uygun N., Karaca İ., Ulusoy R., 1992. Integrated combat citrus pests in Turkey working against, 95-107. International Integrated Plant Protection Symposium, İzmir.
• Uygun N., Satar S., 2008. The current situation of citrus pests and their control methods in Turkey. IOBC-WPRS Bulletin, 38, 2-9.
• Vrdoljak S.M., Samways M.J., 2012. Optimising coloured pan traps to survey flower visiting insects. Journal of Insect Conservation, 16, 345–354.
• Westphal C., Bommarco R., Carre G., Lamborn E., Morison N., Petanidou T., Potts S.G., Yokomi R.K., Tang Y.Q., 1995. Host preference and suitability of two Aphelinid parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) for Aphids (Homoptera: Aphididae) on citrus. Journal of Economic Entomology, 88 (4), 840-845.
• Yokomi R.K., Oldfield G.N., 1991. Seasonal fluctuations of alate aphid activity in california citrus groves, Proceedings of the Eleventh IOCV Conference, 71-76.
• Yumruktepe R., Uygun N., 1994. Aphid species (Homoptera: Aphididae) detected in the Eastern Mediterranean Region citrus gardens and their natural enemies. 3. Biocontrol Congress of Turkey, Istanbul, 1-12.
• Zeren O., 1989. Research on Aphidoidea species, hosts, harm and natural enemies which are harmful on vegetables in Çukurova Region. Turkish Ministry of Agriculture, Ankara, Turkey. Research Ser. No. 59 (Turkish, with English summary).