Bazı uygulamaların çirişağusu (Asphodelus ramosus L.) dormansisi üzerine etkisi

Öz

Çirişağusu (Asphodelus ramosus L.), Ege bölgesi meralarında giderek artan, yenmeyen bir geofittir. Farklı büyüme aşamalarında kontrol stratejileri geliştirebilmek için dormant tohumlarının çimlendirilmesine ihtiyaç duyulmuştur. Ön deneylerde çirişağusu tohumlarının karanlıkta ışıktan daha iyi çimlendiği görülmüştür. Tohumlarında hızlı, tekdüze ve daha iyi çimlenme sağlamak için, çeşitli dormansi kırma yöntemleri (+4 ve -18 °C'de soğutma, zımpara kağıdı, sülfürik asit, etanol veya hidrojen peroksit ile aşındırma ve gibberellik asit veya potasyum nitrat ile işlemler) uygulanmıştır. Tohumların %95 sülfürik asitte (1 dakika boyunca) veya 20 mM veya 40 mM hidrojen peroksitte (24 saat boyunca) bekletilmesi, en yüksek çimlenme yüzdelerini (%81.3'ün üzerinde) sağlamış ve ortalama çimlenme zamanını (OÇZ) kısaltmıştır. Sülfürik asit diğer sürelerde de (5, 15 ve 30 dakika) OÇZ’yi kısaltmış, ancak sürenin bir dakikadan fazla arttırılması çimlenme oranını azaltmıştır. Gibberellik asite duyarsızlık ve aşındırma yöntemleriyle çimlenmenin artması, tohumların fizyolojik bir dormansi yerine fiziksel dormanside olduğunu göstermiştir. Sonuç olarak, çimlenmeyi %75'in üzerinde sağlayan ve OÇZ'yi >%57 kısaltan zımpara kağıdı ile mekanik aşındırmanın, kimyasalların olumsuz etkilerinden kaçınmak ve kabul edilebilir çimlenmeyi sağlamak açısından tercih edilebilir olduğu düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• kimyasal işlemler
• dormansi kırma
• çimlenme
• düşük sıcaklıklar
• aşındırma

Effects of some treatments on seed dormancy in branched asphodel (Asphodelus ramosus L.)

Öz

Branched asphodel (Asphodelus ramosus L.) is an unpalatable geophyte that has been increasing spreading in the pastures of Aegean region of Türkiye. To formulate effective management strategies at various growth phases, it is necessary to initiate the germination of dormant seeds. Preliminary experiments indicated that branched asphodel seeds germinated better in darkness than in light. Several dormancy-release techniques were tested to develop a rapid, uniform and better germination protocol for branched asphodel seeds including cold stratification at +4 and -18 °C, mechanical scarification with sandpaper, chemical scarification with sulfuric acid, ethanol or hydrogen peroxide and application of chemicals, i.e., gibberellic acid or potassium nitrate. Chemical scarification with 95% sulfuric acid (for 1 min) or 20 mM or 40 mM hydrogen peroxide (for 24 hours) resulted in the highest germination percentages (over 81.3%) and adequately reduced Mean Germination Time (MGT). While chemical scarification with sulfuric acid for 5, 15, and 30 min also reduced MGT, extending scarification duration beyond one-minute decreased germination rates. Lower germination rates with gibberellic acid treatment and increased germination with scarification methods suggest that the seeds have physical dormancy rather than physiological dormancy. Manual scarification with sandpaper achieved germination rates over 75% and reduced MGT by more than 57%. In conclusion, manual sandpaper application considered to be preferable for avoiding the adverse effects of chemical treatments while providing an acceptable germination rate.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• chemical treatments
• dormancy breaking
• germination
• low temperatures
• scarification

Kaynakça

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