Otospermum glabrum özleri: fungal patojenlere ve Aphis fabae'ye karşı antioksidan özellikler ve biyoaktivite

Öz

Tarımsal zararlı yönetiminde sentetik kimyasallar yerine bitki bazlı biyopestisitlerin benimsenmesi, güvenlikleri ve ekolojik faydaları nedeniyle giderek artan bir ilgi çekmektedir. Bu doğal bileşiklerin birçoğu güçlü antifungal aktivite göstererek gıda kaynaklı mantar kontaminasyonunu ve ilişkili mikotoksinleri azaltmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Otospermum glabrum'un (Asteraceae) toprak üstü kısımlarından elde edilen ekstraktların antioksidan, antifungal ve afisidal potansiyeli değerlendirilmiştir. Üç ekstrakt −etil asetat, metanolik ve sulu− toplam polifenolik ve flavonoid içerikleri, antioksidan aktiviteleri (DPPH radikal süpürme, β-karoten ağartma ve toplam antioksidan kapasitesi), altı hasat sonrası ve bitki fungal patojenine karşı antifungal etkileri ve bakla yaprakbitine (Aphis fabae Scop.) karşı afisidal aktiviteleri açısından değerlendirilmiştir. Etil asetat özütü (EaE), test edilen özütler arasında en yüksek polifenol (57.60 ± 0.17 μg GAE/mg) ve flavinoid (49.46 ± 0.66 μg QE/mg) seviyesine sahipken; metanolik özüt (ME), en yüksek DPPH temizleme aktivitesi (IC50= 56.05±0.03 µg/ml) ve β-karoten ağartmasını önlemede en yüksek etkinliğini göstererek BHT'ninkine eşdeğer bir inhibitör aktivitesine ulaşmıştır. Sulu özüt ve etil asetat özütü, en yüksek toplam antioksidan kapasitesini göstermiştir (sırasıyla 252.60±0.20 µg AAE/mg ve 249.10±0.81 AAE/mg). Antifungal testlerine göre etil asetat özütü ve metanolik özütü tüm test edilen funguslara karşı %65'i geçen inhibisyon yüzdeleri (IP) ile en belirgin etkiyi ortaya koymuştur. Ek olarak, %30 konsantrasyonundaki metanolik ekstrakt, 72 saat sonra A. fabae'de %100 ölüme neden olmuş ve önemli bir kovucu etki (%48.98 ± 8.76) göstermiştir. Bu bulgular, O. glabrum'un entegre zararlı yönetimi için umut verici doğal bir biyopestisit kaynağı olduğunu göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Otospermum glabrum
• polifenoller
• antioksidan aktivite
• antifungal aktivite
• afisidal aktivite

Otospermum glabrum extracts: antioxidant properties and bioactivity against fungal pathogens and Aphis fabae

Öz

The adoption of plant-based biopesticides as sustainable alternatives to synthetic chemicals in agricultural pest management has gained increasing attention due to their safety and ecological benefits. Many of these natural compounds demonstrate potent antifungal activity, mitigating foodborne fungal contamination and associated mycotoxins. This study evaluated the antioxidant, antifungal, and aphicidal potential of Otospermum glabrum (Asteraceae) extracts derived from its aerial parts. Three extracts −ethyl acetate, methanolic, and aqueous− were assessed for total polyphenolic and flavonoid contents, antioxidant activity (DPPH radical scavenging, β-carotene bleaching, and total antioxidant capacity), antifungal effects against six post-harvest and crop fungal pathogens, and aphicidal activity against the black bean aphid (Aphis fabae Scop.). The ethyl acetate extract (EaE) exhibited the highest polyphenols (57.60 ± 0.17 μg GAE/mg) and flavonoids (49.46 ± 0.66 μg QE/mg), while the methanolic extract (ME) demonstrated the strongest DPPH scavenging activity (IC₅₀ = 56.05 ± 0.03 µg/ml) and β-carotene bleaching inhibition, comparable to BHT. The aqueous and ethyl acetate extracts showed the highest total antioxidant capacity (252.60 ± 0.20 and 249.10 ± 0.81 µg AAE/mg, respectively). Antifungal assays revealed that ethyl acetate and methanolic extracts were the most effective, with inhibition percentages (IP) exceeding 65% against all tested fungi. Additionally, the methanolic extract at 30% concentration induced 100% mortality in A. fabae after 72 h and exhibited significant repellency (48.98 ± 8.76%). These findings highlight O. glabrum as a promising source of natural biopesticides for integrated pest management.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Otospermum glabrum
• polyphenols
• antioxidant activity
• antifungal activity
• aphicidal activity

Kaynakça

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