Meyve ve bağlarda Aphididae (Hemiptera) türlerine yönelik klasik morfolojik tanımlama anahtarları

Öz

Zararlının doğru olarak teşhisi zararlı ile mücadelenin belirlenmesinde büyük öneme sahiptir. Bunun için tarımsal üretimin gerçekleştirildiği alanlarda hangi zararlıların bulunduğunun kesin olarak bilinmesi, bu zararlıların hızlı ve kesin bir şekilde tanınabilmesi için gerekli bilgi, doküman ve metotların oluşturulması önem arz etmektedir. Nitekim bitki zararlıları içerisinde vektör olabilme özelliği ile de önemli bir grubu temsil eden yaprakbitleri (Aphidoidea: Hemiptera) polimorfik türler olup, aynı tür içinde birbirlerinden belirli şekilde morfolojik olarak farklı birçok form meydana getirirler. İki veya daha fazla farklı fenotipin aynı tür popülasyonunda bulunması özelliği ile ekolojik koşullara göre değişebilen morfoloji ve biyolojileri makroskobik ve mikroskobik tanıda güçlükler oluşturmaktadır. Dolayısıyla da teşhisleri oldukça zordur. Bununla birlikte tür içi varyasyon da güvenli ve doğru teşhisi engellemektedir. 2016-2019 yılları arasında Ankara ili ve ilçelerine yapılan arazi çalışmalarında 133 lokaliteden 301 örneğe ait 1925 adet yaprakbiti incelenmiş, Ankara ilinde meyve ağaçlarında 20 tür belirlenmiştir. Tespit edilen türlerin morfolojik karakterlerinin ayırt edici özellikleri ile ilgili gerekli veriler toplanmış ve literatür destekli anahtarlar hazırlanmıştır. Çalışmanın, ekonomik entomolojinin önemli bir bölümünü kapsayan meyve bahçelerinde zararlı yaprakbiti türlerinin doğru ve hızlı olarak teşhis edilmesinde kaydadeğer bir kaynak olabileceği düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Aphidoidea
• meyve
• konukçu bitki
• teşhis anahtarı

Destekleyen Kurum

Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı Tarımsal Araştırmalar ve Politikalar Genel Müdürlüğü

Proje Numarası

TAGEM-BS-15/08-04/01-10

Etik Beyan

Bulgularımızın Bitki Koruma Bülteni okuyucularının ilgisini çekebileceğini düşünüyoruz. Bunun orijinal bir çalışma olduğunu ve daha önce başka bir yerde sunulmadığını veya yayınlanmadığını onaylıyoruz. Yazarların katılımını ayırt etmek için her bir katkıyı vurgulamak istiyoruz: I.Ö. çalışmayı tasarladı ve deneyleri denetledi, A.Ö. katkıda bulundu. Tüm bu yazarların nihai makaleye önemli katkıları vardır ve bu makaleyi onaylamıştır. Tüm yazarlar, yazarlık sırasının farkındadır ve daha önce baş editör tarafından yetkilendirilmiş olanlar dışında, gönderimden sonra yazarlıkta başka bir değişiklik yapılmayacaktır. Bu yazıyla ilgili herhangi bir çıkar çatışması olmadığını beyan ederiz. Ayrıca, makale deney ve araştırma etiği ile ilgili tüm geçerli standartları karşılamaktadır ve mükerrer yayın, sahtekârlık, intihal veya hayvan veya insan deneyleriyle ilgili bir koşul bulunmamaktadır. İlginiz için teşekkürler, Saygılarımla Doç. Dr. Işıl ÖZDEMİR

Teşekkür

Bu çalışma, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı Tarımsal Araştırmalar ve Politikalar Genel Müdürlüğü tarafından TAGEM-BS-15/08-04/01-10 proje numarası ile desteklenmiştir. Çalışmanın bir bölümü, "Meyve ve Asmalarda Vektör Afitlerin (Hemiptera: Aphididae) Tür Kompozisyonundaki Değişim: Ankara İli Örneği" başlıklı sözlü sunum ile değerlendirilmiştir (8. Ispec Uluslararası Modern Bilimsel Araştırma Kongresi, 1-8 Temmuz 2025, İskandinavya)

Classical morphological identification keys for Aphididae (Hemiptera) species in fruit orchards

Öz

The accurate identification of pests is crucial for determining effective control measures against them. For this purpose, it is essential to know exactly which pests are present in the areas where agricultural production is carried out, and to create the necessary information, documentation, and methods to identify these pests quickly and accurately. Indeed, among plant pests, aphids (Aphidoidea: Hemiptera) represent an important group due to their ability to serve as vectors. They are polymorphic species that form many morphologically distinct forms within the same species. The presence of two or more distinct phenotypes within the same species population, along with morphology and biology that vary according to ecological conditions, creates challenges in both macroscopic and microscopic identification. Therefore, diagnoses are quite difficult. However, intraspecific variation also hinders safe and accurate diagnosis.Between 2016 and 2019, field studies conducted in Ankara province and its districts examined 1925 aphids from 301 samples collected at 133 locations, and 20 species were identified on fruit trees in Ankara province. The necessary data regarding the distinguishing morphological characteristics of the identified species were collected, and literature-supported keys were prepared. It is thought that this study could serve as a valuable resource for the accurate and rapid identification of harmful aphid species in fruit cultivation, which is an important part of economic entomology.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Aphididae
• fruit
• host plant
• species distribution

Destekleyen Kurum

General Directorate of Agricultural Research and Policies of the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry of the Republic of Turkey

Proje Numarası

TAGEM-BS-15/08-04/01-10

Etik Beyan

We believe that our findings may be of interest to the readers of the Plant Protection Bulletin. We confirm that this is an original study and has not been presented or published elsewhere. We would like to highlight each author's contribution to distinguish their participation: I.Ö. designed the study and supervised the experiments, A.Ö. contributed. All of these authors made significant contributions to the final manuscript and have approved it. All authors are aware of the order of authorship, and no changes to authorship will be made after submission, except for those previously authorized by the chief editor. We declare that there is no conflict of interest regarding this manuscript. Furthermore, the article meets all applicable standards for experimental and research ethics and there is no condition of duplicate publication, misconduct, plagiarism, or involving animal or human experiments. Thank you for your attention. Sincerely, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Işıl ÖZDEMİR

Teşekkür

This study has been supported by the General Directorate of Agricultural Research and Policies of the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry of the Republic of Turkey with the project number TAGEM-BS-15/08-04/01-10. A part of the study was evaluated with the oral presentation titled "Change in Species Composition of Vector Aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in Fruits and Vines: The Case of Ankara Province" (8th Ispec International Congress of Modern Scientific Research, July 1-8, 2025 Scandinavia).

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