Kabakgillerde külleme hastalığı etmeni Podosphaera xanthii izolatlarının azoxystrobin’e karşı duyarlılıkları

Öz

Bu çalışma, Kabakgillerde külleme hastalığı etmeni Podosphaera xanthii’nin azoxystrobin’e karşı duyarlılık azalışının olup olmadığının belirlenmesi amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Bu amaçla kabak tarlalarından 37 adet örnek alınmıştır. Örnekler morfolojik olarak değerlendirilerek tüm izolatların Podosphaera xanthii olduğu belirlenmiştir. İzolatların duyarlılıklarını belirlemek için azoxystrobin’in 5 farklı dozu yaprak disk metoduna göre denenmiştir. Yaprak disk sonuçlarına göre azoxystrobin aktif maddesinin pratikteki öneri dozuna karşı 11 izolatın dayanıklılık kazandığı, 20 izolatın tolerant olduğu ve 6 izolatın ise duyarlı olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu çalışma neticesinde, Kabakgillerde külleme hastalığına neden olan Podosphaera xanthii’de azoxystrobin’e karşı duyarlılık azalışının oluşmaya başladığı belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• azoxystrobin,duyarlılık,Podosphaera xanthii,kabak

Sensitivity of the isolates of Podosphaera xanthii, powdery mildew agent in cucurbits to azoxystrobin

Abstract

This study was carried out to determine if there is a decrease in sensitivity of powdery mildew pathogen Podosphaera xanthii in cucurbitaceace against azoxystrobin active ingredient. With this purpose, 37 samples were collected from zucchini fields. Based on the morphological characters, all powdery mildew isolates were identified as Podosphaera xanthii. In order to determine the sensitivity of the isolates, five different doses of azoxystrobin active ingredient were tested using leaf disc method. According to leaf disc results, 11 isolates were resistant to the recommended level of the active substance azoxystrobin while six isolates were susceptible. As a result of this study, it was determined that Podosphaera xanthii, which causes powdery mildew in cucurbitaceace, has observed a decrease in its sensitivity to azoxystrobin active substance.

Keywords

• azoxystrobin,sensitivity,Podosphaera xanthii,zucchini

Kaynakça

1. Referans1 Ammermann E., Lorenz G., Schelberger K., Wenderoth B., Sauter H. and Rentzea C. 1992. BASF: a broad-spectrum fungicide with a new mode of action. Proceedings of the Brighton Crop Protection Conference – Pests & Diseases, pp. 403-410.
2. Referans2 Arı M., Delen N. 1988. Studies on the fungicide sensitivity of vine mildew (Uncinula necator (Schwrin)Burr.) in Aegean region of Turkey. J. Turk. Phythopathol., 17:19-30.
3. Referans3 Bartlett DW., Clough JM., Godwin JR., Hall AA., Hamer M. and Parr-Dobrzanski B. 2002. The strobilurin fungicides. Pest Management Science, 58, 649-662.
4. Referans4 Benlioğlu S. 1991. Domateslerde erken yanıklık hastalığı (Alternaria solani) ile kimyasal savaşım olanakları. Doktora tezi, Ege Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İzmir, 119s.
5. Referans5 Braun U., Cook R.T.A. 2012. Taxonomic Manual of the Erysiphales (Powdery Mildews). CBS Biodiversity Series no. 11. Utrecht, the Netherlands: CBS-KNAW Fungal Diversity Centre.
6. Referans6 Brent K. J. and Hollomon D. W. 1998. Fungicide Resistance: The Assesment of Risk. FRAC Monograph No. 2, GCPF.
7. Referans7 Delen M. and Yıldız M. 1981. Fungicide resistance in Turkey. Neth. J. Pl. Path., 87:253.
8. Referans8 Delen M., Yıldız M. and Manaite, H. 1984. Benzimidazole and dithiocarbamate resistance of Botrytis cinerea on greenhouse crops in Turkey. Med. Fac. Landbauww. Rijksuniv. Gent, 49/2:153-161.

9. Referans9 Delen N., Koplay C., Yıldız M., Güngör N., Kınay P., Yıldız F. and Coşkuntuna A. 2004. Sensitivity in Botrytis cinerea isolates to some fungicides with spesific mode of action. XIII. Botrytis Symposium, 25-31 October2004, Antalya. Abstracts, 131.
10. Referans10 Delen N., Durmuşoğlu E., Güncan A., Güngör N., Turgut C. ve Burçak A. 2005. Pestisit kullanımı, kalıntı ve organizmalarda duyarlılık azalışı sorunları. Türkiye Zir. Müh. VI. Teknik Kongresi, 3-7 Ocak 2005, Ankara, s., 2-21.
11. Referans11 Delen N. 2008. Fungisitler. Nobel Yayınevi, İzmir.
12. Referans12 Godwin JR., Anthony VM., Clough JM. and Godfrey CRA. 1992. ICIA5504: a novel, broad spectrum, systemic -methoxyacrylate fungicide. Proceedings of the Brighton Crop Protection Conference – Pests & Diseases, pp. 345-442.
13. Referans13 Ishii H., Fraaije B. A., Sugiyama T., Noguchi K., Nishimura K., Takeda T., Amano T., Hollomon D.W. 2001. Occurrence and Molecular Characterization of Strobilurin Resistance in Cucumber Powdery Mildew And Downy Mildew. Phytopathology 91:1166-1171.
14. Referans14 Ishii H. 2006. Impact of Fungicide Resistance in Plant Pathogens on Crop Disease Control and Agricultural Environment. JARQ 40 (3), 205-211. Kable F.P., Ballantyne J.B. 1963. Observation on the cucurbit powdery mildew in the Ithaca district. Plant Disease Reporter, 47, 482.
15. Referans15 Kiss L. 2010. A more than 100-year old enigma solved: fibrosin bodies, crystalline cell inclusions in conidia of some species of the Erysiphales, consist of lipids. IMC9, The biology of fungi. Edinburgh, 1-6 August 2010.
16. Referans16 Koplay C. 2004. Sofralık sultani üzümlerde fungal kaynaklı çürüklük patojenlerinin saptanması ve in vitro koşullarda etkili fungisidlerle önlenmesi üzerinde incelemeler. Yüksek lisans tezi, E.Ü. Fen Bil. Enst., İzmir, 107s.
17. Referans17Kristkova E., Lebeda A., Sedlakova B. 2009. Species spectra, distribution and host range of cucurbit powdery mildews in the Czech Republic, and in some other European and Middle Eastern Countries. Phytoparasitica, 37:337-350.
18. Referans18 Lebeda A. 1983. The genera and species spectrum of cucumber powdery mildew in Czechoslovakia. Journal of Phytopathology, 108, 71–79.
19. Referans19 Lebeda A., Sedlakova B., Krıstkova E. and Vysoudil M. 2009. Long-Lasting Changes in the Species Spectrum of CXucurbit Powdery Mildew in the Czech Republic – Influence of air Temperature Changes or Random Effect?. Plant Protect.Sci. Vol.45 special Issue:41-47.
20. Referans20 Lebeda A., MgGrath M.T. and Sedlakova B. 2010. Fungicide Resistance in Cucurbit Powdery Mildew Fungi, Fungicides, Odile Carisse (Ed.), ISBN: 978-953-307-266-1, InTech, Available from: http://www.intechopen.com/books/fungicides/fungicide-resistance-in-cucurbit powdery-mildew-fungi
21. Referans21 McGrath M.T. and Shishkoff N. 2003. First report of the cucurbit powdery mildew fungus (podosphaera xanthii) resistant to strobilurin fungicides in the United Stades. Plant Dis., 87 (8), 1007.
22. Referans22 Nemli T. 1979. Bazı fungisidlerin Verticillium dahliae Kleb. ve Botrytis cinerea Pers.‘nın domates izolatlarına etkileri üzerinde araştırmalar. E.Ü.Z.F. Dergisi, 16/2:175-184.
23. Referans23 Ortuno D. F., Perez-Garcia A. Lopez-Ruiz F.J., Romero D., de Vicente A., Tores J.A. 2006. Occurrence and distribution of resistance to QoI fungicides in populations of Podosphaera fusca in south central Spain. Eur J Plant Pathol 115:215–222.
24. Referans24 Ortuno D.F., Tores J.A., de Vicente A., Perez-Garcia A. 2008. Field resistance to QoI fungicides in Podosphaera fusca is not supported by typical mutations in the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. Pest Manag. Sci., 64 694–702.
25. Referans25 Ortuno D.F., Tores J.A., de Vicente A. and Perez-Garcia A. 2010. The QoI Fungicides, the Rise and Fall of a Successful Class of Agricultural Fungicides. Odile Carisse (Ed). Fungicides, ISBN: 978-953-307-266-1, InTech, Available from: http://www.intechopen.com/books/fungicides/the qoifungicides-the-rise-and-fall-of-a-successful-class-of-agricultural-fungicides
26. Referans26 Pirondi A., Pérez-García A., Battistini G., Muzzi E., Brunelli A. and Collina M. 2015. Seasonal variations in the occurrence of Golovinomyces orontii and Podosphaera xanthii, causal agents of cucurbit powdery mildew in Northern Italy. Annals of Applied Biology, doi:10.1111/aab.12225.
27. Referans27 Selakova B. and Lebeda A. 2008. Fungicide Resistance in Czech Populations of Cucurbit Powdery Mildews. Phytoparasitica 36(3):272-289.
28. Referans28 Yıldız Z. 1999. Kurşuni küf etmeni Botrytis cinerea Pers. ile kimyasal savaşımda diethofencarb yoluyla benzimidazole grubu fungisidlere karşı dayanıklılığın kırılması olanakları üzerinde araştırmalar. Yüksek lisans tezi, E.Ü. Fen Bil. Enst., İzmir, 43s.
29. Referans29 Zhang X., Chen Y., Zhang Y. and Zhou M., 2008. Occurrence and Moleculer Characterization of Azoxystrobin Resistance in Cucumber Downy Mildew in Shandong Province of China. Phytoparasitica 36(2):136-143.