Effects of silver nanoparticle (AgNPs) applications prepared using Lantana camara L. (Lamiales: Verbenaceae)'s aqueous extract on Wheat gal nematode [Anguina tritici Thorne, 1949 (Nematoda: Anguinidae)]

Öz

Wheat seed gall nematode [Anguina tritici Thorne, 1949 (Nematoda: Anguinidae)] is one of the plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs) causing economic yield losses in wheat-growing areas. A. tritici is a seed born nematode and can survive in stored seed for many years under dry conditions. Some plants and botanical products were proved to be effective to PPNs control in terms of alternative nematode management tactics. In this study, silver nanoparticles prepared using Lantana camara L. (Lamiales: Verbenaceae) aqueous extract (AgNPs) as an eco-friendly control of nematodes were evaluated against A. tritici in in vitro conditions (Petri dishes experiment). Silver nanoparticles using L. camara aqueous extract were used in 3 different concentrations [42 ppm (0.25 mM), 84 ppm (0.5 mM) and 168 ppm (1 mM)] were used. The experiments were conducted as randomized block parcel design with four replicates and four characters [42 ppm, 84 ppm, 168 ppm applications, and positive control C (+)] in Atatürk Central Horticultural Research Institute (Yalova, Turkey). A. tritici individuals were transferred into sterilized Petri dishes in four replicates and kept at 28±2 °C. A. tritici individuals were considered dead if there were no motion when touched with a fine needle. All the concentrations showed different of antinematodal activity. Silver nanoparticles at concentrations of 168 ppm (1 mM) prepared using L. camara aqueous extract caused 97% A. tritici mortality in 72 hours.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• nematode,silver nanoparticles,Lantana camara,Anguina tritici

Lantana camara L. (Lamiales: Verbenaceae)'nın sulu ekstraktı kullanılarak hazırlanan gümüş nanopartikül (AgNPs) uygulamalarının Buğday gal nematodu [Anguina tritici Thorne, 1949 (Nematoda: Anguinidae)]’na etkileri

Öz

Buğdayı enfekte eden Buğday gal nematodu [Anguina tritici Thorne, 1949 (Nematoda: Anguinidae)] buğday tarımı yapılan yerlerde en yaygın olan ve ekonomik zarara neden olan bitki paraziti nematod (BPN) türlerinden birisidir. A. tritici tohum kaynaklı bir nematod türü olup kuru koşullarda depolanmış tohumlarda uzun yıllar canlılığını sürdürebilmektedir. BPN’lere karşı mücadelede bazı bitki ve bitkisel ürünler alternatif nematod yönetimi bakımından kanıtlanmış etkiye sahiptir. Bu çalışmada in vitro koşullarda (Petri kapları deneyi) A. tritici’ye karşı çevre dostu potansiyel nematisit olarak Lantana camara L. (Lamiales: Verbenaceae)’nın sulu ekstraktı kullanılarak hazırlanan gümüş nanopartikülleri (AgNPs)’nin etkisi değerlendirilmiştir. L. camara’nın sulu ekstraktı kullanılarak gümüş nanopartikülleri 3 farklı konsantrasyonda [42 ppm (0.25 mM), 84 ppm (0.5 mM) ve 168 ppm (1 mM)] kullanılmıştır. Deneme 4 karakter [42 ppm, 84 ppm, 168 ppm uygulamalar ve pozitif kontrol K (+)] ve 4 tekerrürlü olarak kurulmuş, çalışmalar Atatürk Bahçe Kültürleri Merkez Araştırma Enstitüsü (Yalova, Türkiye)’de yürütülmüştür. A. tritici popülasyonu 4 tekerrürlü olacak şekilde steril petrilere transfer edilmiş ve Petri kapları 28±2 °C’de tutulmuştur. A. tritici bireyleri ince iğne ile dokunulduğunda hareket etmediği takdirde ölü olarak kabul edilmiştir. Bütün konsantrasyonlar farklı oranlarda nematisidal etki göstermiştir. L. camara’nın sulu ekstraktı kullanılarak hazırlanan gümüş nanopartiküllerinin etkisi 168 ppm (1 mM) konsantrasyonda 72 saat sürede A. tritici bireylerinde %97 ölüme sebep olmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Lantana camara,nematod,gümüş nanopartikülleri,Anguina tritici

Kaynakça

1. Abbott W.S., 1925. A Method of Computing the Effectiveness of an Insecticide. Journal of Economic Entomology, 18, 265-267.
2. Ahmed Hammad N.E.D., Bahig Ahmed E.D., 2018. Effectiveness of Silver Nanoparticles against Root Knot Nematode, Meloidogyne incognita Infecting Tomato under Greenhouse Conditions. Journal ofAgricultural Science, 10, 148-156.
3. Anwar S.A., Khan M.S.A. & Khan S.H., 1992. Host status of thirteen wheat cultivars to Anguina tritici and its influence on plant growth of Chakwal-86 wheat cultivar, Sarhad Journal of Agriculture, 8:1, 107-111.
4. Anonim, 2018a. https://www.igc.int/en/default.aspx (Erişim tarihi: 10.11.2018).
5. Anonim 2018b. https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/medas/?kn=92&locale=tr (Erişim tarihi: 10.11.2018).
6. Elmalı M., 2002. The distribution and damage of wheat gall nematode [A. tritici (Steinbuch)] (Tylenchida:Tylenchidae) in western part of Anatolia. Türkiye Entomoloji Dergisi 26(2): 105-114,ISSN 1010-6960 (Turkish).
7. Leukel R. W., 1924. Investigations on the nematode diseases of cereals caused by Tylenchus tritici. Journal of Agricultural Research 27, 928-956.
8. McDonald A.H., Nicol J.M., 2005. Nematode parasites of cereals. In: Luc M, Sikora RA, Bridge J(eds) Plant parasitic nematodes in subtropical and tropical agriculture. CABI Publishing, Wallingford, pp 131-191.

9. Mohamedova M., Piperkova N., 2013. Seed gall nematode Anguina tritici in Bulgaria: nematode impact on wheat growth and grain yield. AgroLife Scientific Journal 2, 15-19.
10. Needham J.T., 1743. A letter concerning certain chalky tubulous concretions, called malm; with some microscopical observation on the red lily, and of worms discovered in smutty corn. Philosophical Transaction of the Royal Society of London 42:634-41.
11. Tülek A., Kepenekci I., Çiftçigil T. H. Özturk I., Akin K., Seidi M., Yıldırım M., Dababat A.A., 2015. Effects of seed gall nematode (Anguina tritici) on bread wheat grain characteristics and yields in Turkey. Nematology: DOI10.1163/15685411-00002926 pp 1-6.
12. Tülek A., Dababat A.A. Çiftçigil T.H., Akın K., Kepenekçi İ., 2017. Occurrence and Distribution of Wheat Seed Gall Nematode, [Anguina tritici (Steinbuch) Filipjev] in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Growing Areas in Thrace Region of Turkey. Sixth International Cereal Nematodes Symposium 11-15 September 2017
13. Morocco p. Gerber K., Smart G.C. Jr., Esser R.P., 1987. A comprehensive catalogue of plant parasitic nematodes associated with aquatic and wetland plants. Technical Bulletin 87 1. Agricultural Experiment Station, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.
14. Hussey R.S., Barker K.R., 1973. A comparison of methods of collecting inocula of Meloidogyne spp., including a new technique. Plant Disease Reporter, 57, 1025-1028.
15. Khan M.R. & Athar M., 1996. Response of wheat cultivars to different inokulum levels of Anguina tritici, Nematologia Mediterranea, 24:2, 269-272.
16. Maggie E.M.H., Hanaa S.Z., Shereen E.M.E. Abeer F.D., 2016. Comprasion study between silver nanoparticles and two nematicides against Meloidogyne incognita on tomato seedlings. Plant Pathology Journal, 15, 144-151.
17. Mousa E.M., Mahdy M.E., Younis Dalia M. 2011. Evaluation of some plant extracts to control root knot nematodes, Meloidogyne spp. on tomato plants. Egypt Journal Agronematol., 10, 1-14.
18. Nartop P., 2017. Biyosentetik gümüş nanopartiküllerinin Pyracantha coccinea bitkisinin gövde eksplantlarının yüzey sterilizasyonunda kullanımı. Pamukkale Univiversitesi Müh. Bilim Derg., 23, 759-761.
19. Nassar A.M. 2016. Effectiveness of silver nano-particles of extracts of Urtica urens (Urticaceae) Against root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. Asian J. Nematol., 5, 14-19.
20. Yudelman M., Ratta A., Nygaard D. 1998. Pest Management and Food Production: Looking to the future, Food, Agriculture and the Environment. Discussion Paper 25, International Food Policy Research Institute, USA, pp: 50.