Investigations on effects on plant growth and determination of plant parasitic nematodes found in wheat fields in the Aegean and Marmara Regions.

Abstract

In this study, important plant parasitic nematode species found in wheat growing areas in the Aegean and Marmara Regions were determined and their effects on plant growth were investigated between the years of 2002-2005. Sürvey studies were carried out in Aydın, Balıkesir, Çanakkale, Denizli, İzmir, Kütahya, Manisa, Muğla, and Uşak provinces and totally 213 soil samples were collected. 84.97%, 73.23%, and 7.04% of the total samples were infested by Geocenamus spp., Pratylenchus spp., and Heterodera spp., respectively. In addition, H. avenae Wollenweber, P. thornei Sher and Allen, P. neglectus Filipjev and Shuurmans-Stekhoven, and G. brevidens (Allen) Siddiqi, known to cause severly damage on wheat, were identified in wheat growing areas. The population densities of P. thornei was found higher than economic threshold. It was concluded that this species could have economic damage potential on wheat in the Aegean and Marmara Regions. The field experiments were conducted in the plots naturally infested with plant parasitic nematode species in Gönen (Tahirova). The experiments were arranged according to randomized block design with 6 characters and 5 replications. The population dynamics and the effects on plant growth of the nematodes were observed during growing seasons on Basribey 95, Cumhuriyet 75 and Golia 99 varieties. The population densities of the nematode species in treated plots were usually found lower than that in untreated plots. As a result of this study, it was concluded that Basribey 95 and Golia 99 varieties could planted the fields infested by the nematode species under the Aegean Region conditions. However it was not found significant differences in investigated traits statistically between the varieties, it was determined that using of nematicide affected the yield increase of wheat.

Keywords

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Ege ve Marmara Bölgeleri buğday ekiliş alanlarında bulunan önemli bitki paraziti nematodların belirlenmesi ve bitki gelişimine etkileri üzerinde araştırmalar.

Öz

Bu çalışmada, 2002-2005 yıllarında, Ege ve Marmara Bölgelerinde, buğday ekiliş alanlarında bulunan önemli bitki paraziti nematod türleri belirlenmiş ve bitki gelişimine etkileri araştırılmıştır. Bu amaçla Aydın, Balıkesir, Çanakkale, Denizli, İzmir, Kütahya, Manisa, Muğla ve Uşak illerinde sürvey çalışmaları yürütülmüş ve toplam 213 adet toprak örneği alınmıştır. İncelenen örneklerin %84.97'si Geacenamus spp. ile, %73.23'ü Pratylenchus spp. ile, %7.04'ü ise Heterodera spp. ile bulaşık bulunmuştur. Ayrıca elde edilen örneklerden buğdayda zararlı olduğu bilinen H. avenae Wollenweber, P. thornei Sher and Allen, P. neglectus Filipjev and Shuurmans-Stekhoven ve G. brevidens (Allen) Siddiqi türleri saptanmıştır. P. thornei'ninpopulasyon yoğunluğu literatürde bildirilen ekonomik zarar eşiğinin üzerinde olup, bu türün Ege ve Marmara Bölgeleri için buğdayda potansiyel bir zararlı olabileceği düşünülmektedir. Tarla denemeleri, Gönen (Tahirova)'de bitki paraziti nematodlarla doğal olarak bulaşık parsellerde yürütülmüş olup, tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre 6 karakter ve 5 tekerrürlü olarak kurulmuştur. Üretim dönemi boyunca Basribey 95, Cumhuriyet 75 ve Golia 99 çeşitlerinde bitki paraziti nematod türlerinin populasyon takibi yapılmış ve bitki gelişimi üzerine etkileri araştırılmıştır. Genellikle ilaçlı parsellerdeki nematod popülasyon yoğunluğu ilaçsız parsellerdeki yoğunluğa oranla daha az bulunmuştur. Sonuç olarak Basribey 95 ve Golia 99 çeşitlerinin, Ege Bölgesi koşullarında, bitki paraziti nematod türleriyle bulaşık buğday tarlalarında önerilebileceği kanısına varılmıştır. Ayrıca, çeşitler arasında istatistiki anlamda önemli bir fark bulunmamakla birlikte, nematisit uygulamasının verimi etkilediği saptanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• buğday, bitki paraziti nematod türleri, Ege ve Marmara Bölgeleri, sürvey, bitki gelişimi

Kaynakça

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