Determination of imidacloprid and indoxacarb residues in apple and it’s processed products

Abstract

Pesticide residues are important in raw agricultural products and their processed products. In this study, imidacloprid and indoxacarb pesticides were applied to "Golden Delicious" apples. Residue analyses were performed by using QuEChERS method and LC-MS/MS. In apples, imidacloprid and indoxacarb residues (mean of sampled 3 days after the application and 14 days after the application), were 170.60 and 490.77 µg/kg, respectively. Imidacloprid residues in the peel, pulp, pre-juicing, full processed-juice and bagasse were 791.14, 104.17, 44.60, 47.41 and 262.57 µg/kg, respectively, as the mean of both harvest periods. For indoxacarb, residues were 2195.07 µg/kg in the peel, 197.84 µg/kg in the pulp, 82.26 µg/kg in the pre-juicing and 597.17 µg/kg in the bagasse. The processing factors (Pf) of each process were calculated as a reduction or concentration factor. Imidacloprid residues in the peel and baggase were 4.67 and 1.55 times (mean of two harvesting time) higher than apple, respectively.The residues of pulp, pre-juicing, full processed-juice reduced by 39.75%, 73.54% and 70.62%, respectively. Indoxacarb residues in the peel and baggase were increased 4.46 and 1.21 times, respectively. The mean reduction rates were 59.84% in pulp and 83.35% in pre-juicing. The difference between the decrease in residual reduction rates and the rate of residual degradation between the harvest process in the full process fruit juice was significant at 1% level. The residues of processes, calculated based on Pf, were below MRL (500 µg/kg) for both insecticides. Residues in peel and baggase were increased regardless of harvest period and pesticide.

Keywords

• Pesticide residue,QuEChERS,imidacloprid,indoxacarb,apple,processing factor

Elma ve işlenmiş ürünlerinde imidacloprid ve indoxacarb kalıntılarının belirlenmesi

Öz

Tarım ürünlerinde ve bunların işlenmiş ürünlerinde pestisit kalıntıları önemlidir. Bu çalışmada "Golden Delicious" çeşidi elmalar imidacloprid ve indoxacarb etkili maddeli bitki koruma ürünleri ile ilaçlanmıştır. QuEChERS metodu ve LC-MS/MS ile kalıntı analizleri yapılmıştır. Elmalarda imidacloprid ve indoxacarb kalıntıları (pestisit uygulamasından 3 gün sonra ve 14 gün sonra hasat edilen örneklerin ortalaması), sırasıyla, 170.60 ve 490.77 µg/kg olarak bulunmuştur. Imidacloprid kalıntıları iki hasat döneminin ortalaması olarak elma kabuklarında 791.14 µg/kg, meyve etinde 104.17 µg/kg, ilk sıkım meyve suyunda 44.60 µg/kg, tam proses meyve suyunda 47.41 µg/kg ve posada 262.57 µg/kg olarak bulunmuştur. Indoxacarb için bu kalıntılar kabukta 2195.07 µg/kg, meyve etinde 197.84 µg/kg, ilk sıkım meyve suyunda 82.26 µg/kg ve posada 597.17 olarak bulunmuştur. İşleme faktörleri (İf) azalma ya da konsantrasyon faktörü olarak hesaplanmıştır. Kabuk ve posada imidacloprid kalıntıları elmaya göre sırasıyla, ortalama 4.67 ve 1.55 katı daha fazla bulunmuştur. Kabuksuz meyve eti, ilk sıkım meyve suyu ve tam proses meyve suyu kalıntıları, elmaya göre ortalama olarak, sırasıyla, %39.75, %73.54 ve %70.62 oranında azalmıştır. Indoxacarb için ise kabuk ve posada kalıntı, sırasıyla, ortalama olarak 4.46 ve 1.21 kat artmıştır. Ortalama azalma oranları meyve etinde %59.84, ilk sıkım meyve suyunda %83.35 olarak bulunmuştur. Kabuksuz meyve, ilk sıkım ve tam proses elma suyunda, kalıntı azalma oranları arasındaki fark ile tam proses meyve suyunda hasat dönemleri arasındaki azalma oranları arasındaki fark %1 düzeyinde önemlidir. İşlenmiş elmalarda İf’ye bağlı olarak yapılan hesaplamalarda bulunan kalıntı değerleri her iki insektisit için MRL’nin (500 µg/kg) altında bulunmuştur. Hasat dönemine ve pestisite bağlı olmaksızın kabukta ve elma posasında kalıntılar artmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Pestisit kalıntısı,QuEChERS,imidacloprid,indoxacarb,elma,işleme faktörü

Kaynakça

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