Design and Comparative Analysis of E-Shape and H-Shape Microstrip Patch Antenna for IoT Application

Öz

In this study, H-type and E-type microstrip antenna arrays with high efficiency and management are designed using Surrogate Model Assisted Differential Evolution Algorithm (SADEA) for antenna synthesis. In order to meet the increasing wireless communication requirements of the internet of things (IoT) technology it has become very important to design new antenna designs with artificial intelligence techniques to transmit electromagnetic waves between antenna elements in the most efficient way. With a view to operate in the 2.5 GHz band, which is widely used in wireless communication technologies. H-type and E-type microstrip antennas with a 2x2 structure are analyzed and finally compared. By using the SADEA method, the amplitude and the distance between the array elements are optimized. The total amplitude of the 4-element E-type and H-type microstrip antenna array is minimized to 2.45885 V and 2.14929 V, respectively, after optimization, while it is 4V for both before optimization.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Optimization
• Machine learning
• Microstrips antenna array
• Internet of Things.

Design and Comparative Analysis of E-Shape and H-Shape Microstrip Patch Antenna for IoT Application

Öz

Bu çalışmada, anten sentezi için vekil model destekli diferansiyel evrim metodu (SADEA) kullanılarak yüksek verimliliğe ve yönelticiliğe sahip H-tipi ve E-tipi mikroşerit anten dizileri tasarlanmıştır. Nesnelerin interneti (IoT) teknolojisinin artan kablosuz haberleşme gereksinimlerini karşılamak amacıyla, elektromanyetik dalgaların anten elemanları arasında en verimli şekilde iletilmesi için yapay zeka teknikleri ile yeni anten tasarımlarının yapılması oldukça önemli hale gelmiştir. Kablosuz haberleşme teknolojilerinde yaygın olarak kullanılan 2.5 GHz bandında çalışmak üzere 2 farklı durum ele alınmıştır. 2x2 yapıya sahip H-tipi ve E-tipi mikroşerit anten dizisi analiz edilmiş ve karşılaştırılmıştır. SADEA yöntemi kullanılarak, genlik ve elemanlar arasındaki mesafe optimize edilmiştir. Dört elemanlı E-tipi ve H-tipi mikroşerit anten dizisinin toplam genliği, optimizasyondan önce her ikisi için de 4V iken, optimizasyondan sonra sırasıyla 2.45885 V ve 2.14929 V'a indirgenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Optimizayon
• Makine öğrenmesi
• Mikroşerit anten dizisi
• Nesnelerin internet.

Kaynakça

1. J. Cohen, “Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences” Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1988.
2. M. Ikram, K. Sultan, M.F. Lateef, and A.S. Alqadami, “A road towards 6G communication: A review of 5G antennas, arrays, and wearable devices”, Electronics, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 169, 2022.
3. A. Durmus, and R. Kurban, “Optimal synthesis of concentric circular antenna arrays using political optimizer”, IETE Journal of Research, vol. 68, no. 1, pp. 768-777, 2022.
4. S. Al-Zoubi, A. Amaireh, and N. Dib, “Comparative and comprehensive study of linear antenna arrays’ synthesis”, International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE), vol. 12, no.3, pp. 2645-2654, 2022.
5. N. Krishna, and K. G. Padmasine, “A review on microwave band pass filters: Materials and design optimization techniques for wireless communication systems”, Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing, 2023.
6. S.M. El-Kenawy, S. Mirjalili, F. Alassery, Y.D. Zhang, M.M. Eid, S.Y. El-Mashad, and A.A. Abdelhamid, “Novel meta-heuristic algorithm for feature selection, unconstrained functions, and engineering problems”, IEEE Access, vol 10, pp. 40536-40555, 2022.
7. S. Srivastava, A. Verma, P. Yadav and A. Singh, “A Novel H-Shaped Microstrip Patch Antenna Array for Automotive Radar Applications”, 2022 3rd URSI Atlantic and Asia Pacific Radio Science Meeting (AT-AP-RASC), Gran Canaria, Spain, pp. 1-3, 2022.
8. [8] H.F. Jia, Y. Guo-Hui, L. Min, W. Qun and L. Le-Wei, “The research of H-shaped coupling slot microstrip antenna array”, 2008 International Conference on Microwave and Millimeter Wave Technology, Nanjing, China, pp. 1234-1237, 2008.

9. [9] U. Bülent, and Y. Cengiz, “H şekilli mikroşerit antenin yabani ot algoritması ile rezonans frekansının belirlenmesi”, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Fen ve Mühendislik Dergisi, vol. 16, no.48, pp. 109-117, 2014.
10. [10] A.A. Deshmukh, and V.A. Chavali, “Compact wideband microstrip antennas using C, H, and W‐shape ground plane for GSM band applications”, Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, 2023.
11. A. Madankar, V. Chakole, and S. Khade, “H-slot microstrip patch antenna for 5G WLAN application”, In 2020 3rd International Conference on Intelligent Sustainable Systems (ICISS) IEEE, pp. 1142-1144, 2020.
12. A. Jafarieh, M. Nouri, and H. Behroozi, “Optimized 5G-MMW compact Yagi-Uda antenna based on machine learning methodology” In 2021 29th Iranian Conference on Electrical Engineering (ICEE), pp. 751-756, IEEE, 2021.
13. A.M. Montaser, “Beam-Steering for Narrow Beamwidth 120GHz Antenna Array Using Deep Learning for Radar Application”, Progress in Electromagnetics Research C, vol. 129, 2023.
14. R. Tiwari, R. Sharma, and R. Dubey, “2X2 & 4X4 dumbbell shape microstrip patch antenna array design for 5G Wi-Fi communication application”, Materials Today: Proceedings, 2023.
15. M.B. Almashhdany, O.A. Al-Ani, A. M. Sabaawi, M.A. Altaee, N.J. Hussein, and F.A. Abdelreda, “Design of multi-band slotted mmwave antenna for 5G mobile applications. In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering”, IOP Publishing, vol. 881, no. 1, pp. 012150, 2020.
16. M.S. Rana, and M.M. Rahman, “Study of microstrip patch antenna for wireless communication system”, In 2022 International Conference for Advancement in Technology (ICONAT), IEEE, pp. 1-4, 2022.
17. A.J.A. Al-Gburi, Z. Zakaria, I.M. Ibrahim, and E.B.A. Halim, “Microstrip patch antenna arrays design for 5G wireless backhaul application at 3.5 GHz”, In Recent Advances in Electrical and Electronic Engineering and Computer Science: Selected articles from ICCEE 2021, Malaysia. Singapore: Springer Singapore, pp. 77-88, 2022.
18. N.H. Biddut, M.E. Haque, and N. Jahan, “A wide band microstrip patch antenna design using multiple slots at v-band”, In 2022 International Mobile and Embedded Technology Conference (MECON), IEEE, pp. 113-116, 2022.
19. K. Pauliah Nadar, V. Jeyaprakasam, I. Tharcis Mariapushpam, C.V. Vivekanand, A.D. Eswaralingam, M.T. Louis, and S. Gopalakrishnan, “Design and Analysis of Microstrip Patch Antenna Array and Electronic Beam Steering Linear Phased Antenna Array with High Directivity for Space Applications” ACS omega, vol. 8, no.45, pp. 43197-43217, 2023
20. R.M. González, L.M. Peralta, and R.L. Miranda, “Microstrip patch antenna array design for WLAN application”, In 2015 IEEE International Autumn Meeting on Power, Electronics and Computing (ROPEC), IEEE, pp. 1-5, 2015.
21. S. Gupta, S. Chauhan, R. Srivastava, and A. Gupta, “Comparison of Different Alphabetically Shaped Microstrip Patch Antennas in the S-Band Using HFSS”, In the International Conference on Recent Trends in Communication & Intelligent Systems pp. 201-212, 2023. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore.
22. J.H. Chen, C.Y. Cheng, C.M. Chien, C. Yuangyai, T.H. Chen, and S.T. Chen, “Multiple performance optimization for microstrip patch antenna improvement”, Sensors, vol. 23, no.9, pp. 4278, 2023.
23. P. Shanthi, and W.C. Song, “Deep Learning Approach for Radiation Pattern Synthesis of an Antenna”, In 2022 6th International Conference on Computation System and Information Technology for Sustainable Solutions (CSITSS), IEEE, pp. 1-5, 2022.
24. B. Liu, Z. Qingfu, and G.E.G. Georges, “A Gaussian Process Surrogate Model Assisted Evolutionary Algorithm for Medium Scale Expensive Optimization Problems”, IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation 18, vol. 2, pp. 180–92, 2014.
25. J. Zhang, M.O. Akinsolu, B. Liu and G.A. Vandenbosch, “Automatic AI-driven design of mutual coupling reducing topologies for frequency reconfigurable antenna arrays”, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 69, no.3, pp. 1831-1836, 2020.
26. G.P. Reddy, G. Manoj, V.P.C. Rao and B.R. Behera, “A Design Methodology for Optimization of Printed Antenna Based on AI-Driven SADEA Technique” 2023 International Conference on Recent Advances in Electrical, Electronics, Ubiquitous Communication, and Computational Intelligence (RAEEUCCI), Chennai, India, pp. 1-4, 2023.