Hemşireler Trakeostomili Hastaların Bakımını Ne Kadar Biliyor? Nitel Bir Çalışma

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışma yoğun bakım hemşirelerinin trakeostomili hasta bakımına ilişkin uygulamalarını belirlemek için yapılmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Nitel tipteki araştırma Ekim-Kasım 2019 tarihleri arasında Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesi’ndeki bir ilde yer alan bir Üniversite Hastanesi’nin Yoğun Bakım Ünitesi’nin 15 hemşiresi ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Veriler tanıtıcı bilgi formu ve yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Veriler, Giorgi’nin fenomenolojik yöntem analizi kullanılarak 4 aşamada değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular: Katılımcıların yaşları 25-42 aralığında, 10’u kadın, yoğun bakım hemşiresi olarak çalışma yılı 1-15 yıl olup, tüm katılımcıların lisans mezunu olduğu, trakeostomili hastaların bakımı ile ilgili eğitim aldığı ve hasta güvenliği ile ilgili bir yayını/web sayfasını düzenli olarak takip etmediği görülmüştür. Katılımcıların trakeostomili hasta bakımına ilişkin görüşleri 2 ana tema ve 5 alt temadan oluşmaktadır. Ana temalar 1. Trakeostomili Hastanın Bakım Uygulamaları ve 2. Bakım Sırasında Yaşanan Sorunlar ve Çözüm Önerileri’dir. Trakeostomili Hastanın Bakım Uygulamaları ana teması Protokoller, Trakeostomi Öncesi Hasta Bakımı ve Trakeostomi Sonrası Hasta Bakımı olmak üzere 3 alt temadan oluşmaktadır. Bakım Sırasında Yaşanan Sorunlar ve Çözüm Önerileri ana teması Sorun Yaratan Durumlar ve Bakımı Geliştirmeye Yönelik Öneriler olmak üzere 2 alt temadan oluşmaktadır. Sonuç: Hemşirelerin trakeostomili hastanın bakımına ilişkin bilgilerinin temel düzeyde yeterli olup bakım uygulamalarının fizyolojik gereksinimler ile sınırlı kaldığı;hemşirelerin hastanın psikolojik gereksinimlerinin farkında oldukları ancak bu konu ileilgili hemşirelik uygulamalarının ya hiç yapılmadığı ya da yetersiz kaldığı belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Hemşire
• Trakeostomi
• Hasta Bakımı
• Nitel Araştırma

How Much Do Nurses Know About the Care of Patients with Tracheostomy? A Qualitative Study

Öz

Aim: This study was conducted to determine the practices of intensive care nurses regarding patient care with tracheostomy. Material and Method: A qualitative type research was carried out with 15 nurses of the Intensive Care Unit of a University Hospital located in a province in the Southeastern Anatolia Region between October-November 2019. Data were collected using an introductory information form and a semi-structured interview form. The data were evaluated in 4 stages using Giorgi’s phenomenological method analysis. Results: It was observed that the age of the participants is between 25-42, 10 of them are women, the working year as an intensive care nurse is 1-15 years, all the participants were undergraduate, received training on the care of patients with tracheostomy, and did not regularly follow a publication/web page on patient safety. Participants’ views on patient care with tracheostomy consist of 2 main themes and 5 sub themes. Main themes are Care Practices of Patient with Tracheostomy and Problems Encountered During Care and Solution Suggestions. The main theme of Patient Care Practices with Tracheostomy is Protocols, Pre-Tracheostomy Patient Care and Post Tracheostomy Patient Care. Problems Encountered During Care and Solution Suggestions consist of 2 subthemes, the main theme of which is Problematic Situations and Suggestions for Improving Care. Conclusion: It was determined that nurses’ knowledge of the care of patients with tracheostomy is sufficient at a basic level and care practices are limited to physiological needs; nurses were aware of the psychological needs of the patient, but nursing practices related to this issue were either not performed at all or were inadequate.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Nurse
• Tracheostomy
• Patient Care
• qualitative research

Kaynakça

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