The Effect of Psychobiotics on Gut Microbiota and Neurological Functions

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2, 621 - 635, 07.08.2025

Esma Avci , Zeynep Begüm Kalyoncu Atasoy

https://doi.org/10.46413/boneyusbad.1514178

Öz

In the past decade, studies have highlihted the potential effects of probiotics on neurological function processes such as neuroinflammation and neurogenesis. As a result, there is increasing interest in psychobiotics, a class of probiotics thought to influence the treatment of neurological disorders and psychiatric diseases. Psychobiotics are defined as microorganisms that interact with the gut microbiota and have a positive effect on mental health and neurological functions with adequate consumption of probiotics. Additionally, psychobiotics influence physical and mental states though the microbiota-gut-brain axis, offering different approaches for the treatment of psychiatric diseases. Research indicates that psychobiotics may regulate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and neurotransmitters, impacting central nervous system functionality in conditions such as anxiety, depression, stress, and cognitive disorders. This review evaluates the mechanisms of action of psychobiotics, their relationship with gut microbiota and neurological functions, and current information on their therapeutic effects in neurological diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, anxiety, depression, and autism spectrum disorders.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Psychobiotic , Probiotic , Microbiota , Gut - brain axis

Psikobiyotiklerin Bağırsak Mikrobiyotası ve Nörolojik Fonksiyonlara Etkisi

Öz

Son on yılda yapılan çalışmalar probiyotiklerin nöroinflamasyon, nörojenez gibi nörolojik fonksiyon süreçlerinde etkisinin olabileceğini vurgulamaktadır. Bu nedenle nörolojik bozukluklar-psikiyatrik hastalıkların tedavisine etkisinin olacağı düşünülen ve probiyotik sınıfından olan psikobiyotiklere olan ilgi giderek artmaktadır. Psikobiyotikler; probiyotiklerin yeterli düzeyde tüketilmesiyle birlikte bağırsak mikrobiyotası ile etkileşime girerek ruh sağlığı ve nörolojik fonksiyonlar üzerinde pozitif etki yaratan mikroorganizmalar olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Aynı zamanda psikobiyotikler, mikrobiyota-bağırsak-beyin aksı aracılığı ile fiziksel ve zihinsel durumu etkilemekte psikiyatrik hastalıkların tedavisinde farklı yaklaşımlara olanak sağlamaktadır. Psikobiyotiklerin hipofiz-adrenal aksı ve nörotransmitterleri düzenleyerek anksiyete, depresyon, stres ve bilişsel bozukluklarda merkezi sinir sisteminin işlevselliği üzerine etkisinin olduğuna yönelik çalışmalar mevcuttur. Bu derlemede psikobiyotiklerin etki mekanizmaları, bağırsak mikrobiyotası ve nörolojik fonksiyonlarla ilişkisi, nörolojik hastalıklarda (Alzheimer hastalığı, anksiyete, depresyon ve otizm spektrum bozuklukları gibi) kullanımının tedaviye etkisine ilişkin güncel bilgiler değerlendirilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Psikobiyotik , Probiyotik , Mikrobiyota , Bağırsak-beyin aksı

Kaynakça

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