Sürdürülebilir Beslenme ve Diyet Modelleri

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 3, 261 - 271, 26.12.2022

Sevde Nur Olgun Emre Manisalı Fatma Çelik

https://doi.org/10.46413/boneyusbad.1188273

Öz

Dünyadaki hızlı nüfus artışı, teknolojik gelişmeler ve şehirleşme çevresel yozlaşmaya yol açarak ekolojik dengeyi ciddi bir tehdit altında bırakmıştır. Bu nedenle çevreye karşı daha duyarlı bir tutum geliştirmek adına, uzun yıllar “sürdürülebilirlik” kavramı üzerinde çalışılmıştır. Sürdürülebilirlik ile var olan kaynakların verimli kullanılması ve gelecek nesillerin ihtiyaçlarını karşılamak hedeflenmiştir. Dünyadaki bütün olaylar gibi insan yaşamının merkezinde olan beslenme de sürdürülebilirliğin önemli bir parçasıdır. Besinlerin yaşam döngüsü boyunca oluşturduğu çevresel etkiler “sürdürülebilir beslenme” kavramının ortaya çıkmasına neden olmuştur. Besinlerin tarladan sofraya gelene kadar geçen tüm süreçlerde atmosfere salınan sera gazı emisyonu, su, arazi ve enerji kullanımı, üretim, depolama, paketleme, taşıma gibi aşamalarda meydana gelen atık ve kayıplar sürdürülebilirlik için oldukça önem arz etmektedir. Sürdürülebilir beslenme, bitkisel kaynaklı besinleri içeren meyve, sebze, tam tahıllar, baklagiller, yağlı tohumlar ve zeytinyağı tüketimini öneren, hayvansal gıda, doymuş yağ ve şeker alımını kısıtlayan beslenme modellerini kapsamaktadır. Bu beslenme modellerine Akdeniz, Barilla Çift Piramit, DASH, Yeni Nordik, Vejetaryen, Vegan ve Flexitarian diyet örnek olarak verilebilir. Sürdürülebilir beslenme konusunda atılacak her adım, gıda üretiminde harcanan kaynakların en aza indirilmesini, biyoçeşitliliğin korunmasını, sera gazı emisyonlarının önlenmesini, ambalajlı ve yoğun enerji içeren besinlerin tüketiminin azalmasını ve en önemlisi gıda israfının son bulmasını sağlayacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Beslenme, Çevresel Etki, Sürdürülebilirlik

Sustainable Nutrition and Dietary Models

Öz

Rapid population growth, technological advances, and urbanization in the world have led to environmental corruption, leaving the ecological balance seriously threatened. This is why for many years the concept of “sustainability” has been studied to develop a more environmentally conscious attitude. It is aimed at the efficient use of resources that exist with sustainability and to meet the needs of future generations. Like all events in the world, diet at the center of human life is an important part of sustainability. The environmental impacts nutrients have created throughout the life cycle have led to the emergence of the concept of “sustainable nutrition”. In all processes that take nutrients from field to table, the emissions of greenhouse gases released into the atmosphere, water, soil energy use, production, storage, packing, transport, and the waste and losses that occur in phases are of great importance to sustainability. Sustainable nutrition covers nutrition models that recommend the consumption of fruits, vegetables, full cereals, legumes, oily seeds and olive oil, which include herbal-based nutrients, and restrict the intake of animal food, saturated fat and sugar. Examples of these diet include Mediterranean, Barilla Double Pyramid, DASH, New Nordic, Vegetarian, Vegan, and Flexitarian dieting. Each step in sustainable nutrition will ensure that the resources spent in food production are minimized, biodiversity is maintained, greenhouse gas emissions are prevented, food consumption is reduced and, most importantly, food waste is ended.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Nutrition, Environmental Impact, Sustainability

Kaynakça

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