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The Effect of Trust and Verification of Social Media News on the COVID-19 Vaccine Attitude

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1, 53 - 64, 21.04.2025

Dilek Baykal , Leman Kutlu

https://doi.org/10.46413/boneyusbad.1454489

Öz

Aim: This study aims to examines the effects of university students' social media news trust and verification awareness on their attitudes towards the COVID-19 vaccine.
Material and Method: This study was implemented through Google Forms between February-July 2021 when the restrictions were still in effect. A total of 529 students studying in undergraduate departments of universities in Istanbul were reached. "Information Form", "Social media news trust and verification awareness", and "Attitudes towards the Covid-19 vaccine" were used to collect data.
Results: Students' (n=529) attitudes towards the COVID-19 vaccine are positive. While it is seen that professional trust is higher than individual trust, it has been found that the participants frequently perform verification awareness. In addition, it was determined that professional trust and verification awareness and positive attitude toward the vaccine were positively related.
Conclusion: Students' attitudes towards the COVID-19 vaccine are positive and related to social media trust and verification awareness. Information on social media is important for the protection of public health, especially during pandemics.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Social media COVID-19 Vaccination Behaviour

Kaynakça

  • Abd-Alrazaq, A., Alhuwail, D., Househ, M., Hamdi, M., Shah, Z. (2020). Top Concerns of Tweeters During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Infoveillance Study. J Med Internet Res, 21:22(4):e19016 doi:10.2196/19016
  • Akarsu, B., Canbay Özdemir, D., Ayhan Baser, D., Aksoy, H., Fidancı, İ., Cankurtaran, M. (2021). While studies on COVID‐19 vaccine is ongoing, the public’s thoughts and attitudes to the future COVID‐19 vaccine. International Journal of Clinical Practice, 75(4):e13891. doi:10.1111/ijcp.13891
  • Allington, D., Duffy, B., Wessely, S., Dhavan, N., Rubin, J. (2021). Health-protective behaviour, social media usage and conspiracy belief during the COVID-19 public health emergency. Psychological Medicine, 51(10):1763-1769. doi:10.1017/S0033291721000593
  • American Academi of Pediatrics. AAP Immunization Initiatives Newsletter. Available from: URL: Jan 2019. https://www.aap.org/en-us/documents/ immunization_newsletter.pdf [accessed 02 Sep 2023]
  • Anderson, R. M., Vegvari, C., Truscott, J., Collyer, B. S. (2020). Challenges in creating herd immunity to SARS-CoV-2 infection by mass vaccination. Lancet, 396 (10263): 1614–6. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32318-7
  • Ballard, M., Bancroft, E., Nesbit, J., Johnson A., Holeman I., … Palazuelos D. (2020). Prioritising the role of community health workers in the COVID-19 response. BMJ Global Health, 5: e002550.doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002550
  • Basch, C. H., Zybert, P., Reeves, R., Basch, C. E. (2017). What do popular YouTube TM videos say about vaccines? Child Care Health Dev., 43(4):499. doi:10.1111/cch.12442
  • Boucher, J. C., Cornelson, K., Benham, J. L., Fullerton, M. M., Tang, T., … Lang R. (2021). Analyzing social media to explore the attitudes and behaviors following the announcement of successful COVID-19 vaccine trials: infodemiology study. JMIR Infodemiology, 1(1): e28800. doi:10.2196/28800
  • Bozkurt, H. B. (2018). An overview of vaccine rejection and review of literature. Kafkas J Med Sci., 8(1): 71-76. doi:10.5505/kjms.2018.12754
  • Callaghan, T., Moghtaderi, A., Lueck, J. A., Hotez, P., Strych, U., Dor, A., Fowler, E. F., Motta, M. (2021). Correlates and disparities of intention to vaccinate against COVID-19. Soc Sci Med., 272:113638. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113638
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2021). Reactions and Adverse Events of the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine. 2021. https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/COVID-19/info-by-product/pfizer/reactogenicity.html
  • Chirico, F., Teixeira da Silva, J. A. (2023). Evidence-based policies in public health to address COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. Future Virology, 18(4), 261-273. doi:10.2217/fvl-2022-0028
  • Cordina, M., Lauri, M. A. (2021). Attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccination, vaccine hesitancy and intention to take the vaccine. Pharmacy Practice (Granada), 19(1). doi:10.18549/pharmpract.2021.1.2317
  • Çömlekçi, M. F., Başol, O. (2019). Research on social media news trust and news verification awareness. Galatasaray University Journal of Communication, (30):55-77. doi:10.16878/gsuilet.518697
  • Dunn, A. G., Leask, J., Zhou, X., Mandl, K. D., Coiera, E. (2015). Associations between exposure to and expression of negative opinions about human papillomavirus vaccines on social media: An observational study. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 17(6): e144. doi:10.2196/jmir.4343
  • Duong, H. T., Nguyen, L. T. V., Julian McFarlane, S., Nguyen, H. T., & Nguyen, K. T. (2023). Preventing the COVID-19 outbreak in Vietnam: Social media campaign exposure and the role of interpersonal communication. Health Communication, 38(2), 394-401. doi:10.1080/10410236.2021.1953729
  • Galasso, V., Pons, V., Profeta, P., Foucault, M. (2020). Gender differences in COVID-19 attitudes and behavior: Panel evidence from eight countries. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A., 117 (44): 27285-27291. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2012520117
  • Geniş, B., Gürhan, N., Koç, M., Geniş, Ç., Şirin, B., Çırakoğlu, O. C., Coşar, B. (2020). Development of perception and attitude scales related with COVID-19 pandemia. Pearson Journal of Social Sciences-Humanities, 5(7): 306-328.
  • Gülten, E., Özer Türk, D., Erol, A., Özel, Ç. (2019). The Knowledge, attitudes and beliefs of the healthcare workers about influenza infection and vaccination at a public hospital in Turkey. Infect. Dis. Clin. Microbiol, 2:87-96. doi:10.36519/idcm.2019.19013
  • Islam, M. S., Kamal, A. M., Kabir, A., Southern, D. L., Khan, S. H., Hasan, S. M. M., Sarkar, T., … Seale, H. (2021). COVID-19 vaccine rumors and conspiracy theories: The need for cognitive inoculation against misinformation to improve vaccine adherence. PloS one, 16(5), e0251605. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0251605
  • Jacobs, W., Amuta, A. O., Jeon, K. C., Alvares, C. (2017). “Health information seeking in the digital age: An analysis of health information seeking behavior among US adults,” Cogent Social Sciences, (3):1. ID 1302785 doi: 10.1080/23311886.2017.1302785
  • Jayachandran, S. (2021). Social norms as a barrier to women’s employment in developing countries. IMF Economic Review, 69(3):576-595. doi:10.1057/s41308-021-00140-w
  • Kanchan, S., Gaidhane, A. (2023). Social media role and its impact on public health: A narrative review. Cureus, 15(1). doi:10.7759/cureus.33737
  • Kırık, A. M. (2017). Changing communication process with new media: The position of young people in the social sharing networks. Gumushane University E-Journal of Faculty of Communication, 5(1):230-261. doi:10.19145/gumuscomm.300815
  • Latkin, C. A., Dayton, L., Yi, G., Konstantopoulos, A., & Boodram, B. (2021). Trust in a COVID-19 vaccine in the U.S.: A social-ecological perspective. Social science & medicine (1982), 270, 113684. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.113684
  • Li, H.O.Y., Bailey, A., Huynh, D., Chan, J. (2020). YouTube as a source of information on COVID-19: A pandemic of misinformation? BMJ Global Health, 5(5): e002604. doi:10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002604
  • Lin, C. Y., Broström, A., Griffiths, M. D., Pakpour, A. H. (2020). Investigating mediated effects of fear of COVID-19 and COVID-19 misunderstanding in the association between problematic social media use, psychological distress, and insomnia. Internet Interventions, 21:100345. doi:10.1016/j.invent.2020.100345
  • Lindner-Pawłowicz, K., Mydlikowska-Śmigórska, A., Łampika, K., Sobieszczańska, M. (2021). COVID-19 Vaccination acceptance among healthcare workers and general population at the very beginning of the national vaccination program in Poland: a cross-sectional, exploratory study. Vaccines, 10(1):66. doi:10.3390/vaccines10010066
  • Lucia, V. C., Kelekar, A., Afonso, N. M. (2021). COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among medical students. Journal of Public Health, 43(3):445-449. doi:10.1093/pubmed/fdaa230
  • Lunden, I. (2020). Twitter prioritizes blue-check verifications to confirm experts on COVID-19 and the novel coronavirus. TechCrunch. 2020, Mar 21. URL: https://techcrunch.com/2020/03/21/twitter-prioritizes-blue-check-verifications-to-confirm-experts-on-COVID-19-and-the-novel-coronavirus/.
  • McAndrew, S., Allington, D. (2020). How do mode and frequency of COVID-19 information updates, political values, and future COVID-19 vaccine attitudes. Preprint. PsyArXiv. doi:10.31234/osf.io/j7srx
  • Moderna Announces. (2020). First Participant Dosed in NIH-led Phase 1 Study of mRNA Vaccine (mRNA-1273) Against Novel Coronavirus. 16 March 2020. https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1682852/000119312520074867/d884510dex992.htm
  • Murphy, J., Vallières, F., Bentall, R. P., Shevlin, M., McBride, O., Hartman, T. K., McKay, R., Bennett, K., … Hyland P. (2020). Preparing for a COVID-19 vaccine: Identifying and psychologically profiling those who are vaccine hesitant or resistant in two general population samples. Preprint. PsyArXiv, doi:10.31234/osf.io/pev2b.
  • Murphy, J., Vallières, F., Bentall, R. P., Shevlin, M., McBride O., … Hyland P. (2021). Psychological characteristics associated with COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and resistance in Ireland and the United Kingdom. Nat Commun, 12(1):29. doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-20226-9
  • National Communications Authority. 2021. “Quarterly Statistical Bulletin on Communications in Ghana,” https://nca.org.gh/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/stats-bulletin4.pdf
  • Özceylan, G., Toprak, D., Esen, E.S. (2020). Vaccine rejection and hesitation in Turkey. Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics, 16(5):1034-1039. doi:10.1080/21645515.2020.1717182
  • Perez, S. (2020). Report: WhatsApp has seen a 40% increase in usage due to COVID-19 pandemic. TechCrunch. March 26. https://techcrunch.com/2020/03/26/report-whatsapp-has-seen-a-40-increase-in-usage-due-to-COVID-19-pandemic/.
  • Puri, N., Coomes, E. A., Haghbayan, H., Gunaratne, K. (2020). Social media and vaccine hesitancy: new updates for the era of COVID-19 and globalized infectious diseases. Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics, 16(11): 2586-2593. doi:10.1080/21645515.2020.1780846
  • Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Health. Health statistics yearbook 2017. Newsletter, 2018. [accessed 02 Sep 2023] Roth, Y., Pickles, N. (2020). Updating our approach to misleading information. Twitter. May 11 URL: https://blog.twitter.com/en_us/topics/product/2020/updating-our-approach-to-misleading-information.html
  • Samaras, L., García-Barriocanal, E., Sicilia, M. A. (2020). Comparing social media and Google to detect and predict severe epidemics. Sci Rep., 10 (4747). doi:10.1038/s41598-020-61686-9.
  • Smith, N., Graham, T. (2019). Mapping the anti-vaccination movement on Facebook. Information Communication and Society, 22(9): 1310–1327. doi:10.1080/1369118X.2017.1418406
  • Southwell, B. G., Niederdeppe, J., Cappella, J. N., Gaysynsky, A., Kelley, D. E., Oh, A., Peterson, E. B., Chou, W.Y.S. (2019). Misinformation as a misunderstood challenge to public health. Am. J. Prev. Med., 57 (2):282-285. doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2019.03.009
  • Topçu, S., Almış, H., Başkan, S., Turgut, M., Orhon F. Ş., Ulukol, B. (2019). Evaluation of childhood vaccine refusal and hesitancy intentions in Turkey. The Indian Journal of Pediatrics, 86(1):38-43. doi:10.1007/s12098-018-2714-0
  • Verger, P., Dubé, E. (2020). Restoring confidence in vaccines in the COVID-19 era. Expert Review of Vaccines, 19 (11), 991-993. doi:10.1080/14760584.2020.1825945
  • Walsh, E. E., Frenck, R. W., Falsey, A. R., Kitchin, N., Absalon, J., Gurtman, A., …. Gruber, W.C. (2020). Safety and immunogenicity of two RNA-based COVID-19 vaccine candidates. N Engl J Med, 383:2439-2450. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2027906
  • Zhang, J., Featherstone, J. D., Calabrese, C., Wojcieszak, M. (2021). Effects of fact-checking social media vaccine misinformation on attitudes toward vaccines. Preventive Medicine, 145:106408. doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2020.106408

Sosyal Medya Haberlerine Güven ve Doğrulamanın COVID-19 Aşı Tutumuna Etkisi

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1, 53 - 64, 21.04.2025

Dilek Baykal , Leman Kutlu

https://doi.org/10.46413/boneyusbad.1454489

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, üniversite öğrencilerinin sosyal medya haberlerine olan güveni ve doğrulama farkındalığının, COVID-19 aşısına yönelik tutumlarına etkisini incelemektedir.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışma kısıtlamaların halen geçerli olduğu Şubat-Temmuz 2021 tarihleri arasında Google Formlar üzerinden uygulandı. İstanbul’daki üniversitelerin lisans bölümlerinde öğrenim gören toplam 529 öğrenciye ulaşıldı. Veriler “Bilgi Formu”, “Sosyal medya haberlerine güven ve teyit ölçeği” ve “COVID-19 aşısına yönelik tutumlar” ölçekleri ile toplandı.
Bulgular: Öğrencilerin (n=529) COVID-19 aşısına yönelik tutumları olumludur. Mesleki güvenin bireysel güvenden daha yüksek olduğu görülürken, katılımcıların sıklıkla doğrulama farkındalığını gerçekleştirdikleri tespit edildi. Ayrıca mesleki güven ve doğrulama farkındalığı ile aşıya yönelik olumlu tutumun pozitif yönde ilişkili olduğu belirlendi.
Sonuç: Katılımcıların COVID-19 aşısına yönelik tutumları olumlu olup sosyal medya güveni ve doğrulama farkındalığı ile ilişkilidir. Sosyal medyadaki doğru bilgilendirmeler özellikle pandemi döneminde halk sağlığının korunması açısından önem taşımaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Sosyal medya COVID-19 Aşı Tutum

Kaynakça

  • Abd-Alrazaq, A., Alhuwail, D., Househ, M., Hamdi, M., Shah, Z. (2020). Top Concerns of Tweeters During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Infoveillance Study. J Med Internet Res, 21:22(4):e19016 doi:10.2196/19016
  • Akarsu, B., Canbay Özdemir, D., Ayhan Baser, D., Aksoy, H., Fidancı, İ., Cankurtaran, M. (2021). While studies on COVID‐19 vaccine is ongoing, the public’s thoughts and attitudes to the future COVID‐19 vaccine. International Journal of Clinical Practice, 75(4):e13891. doi:10.1111/ijcp.13891
  • Allington, D., Duffy, B., Wessely, S., Dhavan, N., Rubin, J. (2021). Health-protective behaviour, social media usage and conspiracy belief during the COVID-19 public health emergency. Psychological Medicine, 51(10):1763-1769. doi:10.1017/S0033291721000593
  • American Academi of Pediatrics. AAP Immunization Initiatives Newsletter. Available from: URL: Jan 2019. https://www.aap.org/en-us/documents/ immunization_newsletter.pdf [accessed 02 Sep 2023]
  • Anderson, R. M., Vegvari, C., Truscott, J., Collyer, B. S. (2020). Challenges in creating herd immunity to SARS-CoV-2 infection by mass vaccination. Lancet, 396 (10263): 1614–6. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32318-7
  • Ballard, M., Bancroft, E., Nesbit, J., Johnson A., Holeman I., … Palazuelos D. (2020). Prioritising the role of community health workers in the COVID-19 response. BMJ Global Health, 5: e002550.doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002550
  • Basch, C. H., Zybert, P., Reeves, R., Basch, C. E. (2017). What do popular YouTube TM videos say about vaccines? Child Care Health Dev., 43(4):499. doi:10.1111/cch.12442
  • Boucher, J. C., Cornelson, K., Benham, J. L., Fullerton, M. M., Tang, T., … Lang R. (2021). Analyzing social media to explore the attitudes and behaviors following the announcement of successful COVID-19 vaccine trials: infodemiology study. JMIR Infodemiology, 1(1): e28800. doi:10.2196/28800
  • Bozkurt, H. B. (2018). An overview of vaccine rejection and review of literature. Kafkas J Med Sci., 8(1): 71-76. doi:10.5505/kjms.2018.12754
  • Callaghan, T., Moghtaderi, A., Lueck, J. A., Hotez, P., Strych, U., Dor, A., Fowler, E. F., Motta, M. (2021). Correlates and disparities of intention to vaccinate against COVID-19. Soc Sci Med., 272:113638. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113638
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2021). Reactions and Adverse Events of the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine. 2021. https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/COVID-19/info-by-product/pfizer/reactogenicity.html
  • Chirico, F., Teixeira da Silva, J. A. (2023). Evidence-based policies in public health to address COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. Future Virology, 18(4), 261-273. doi:10.2217/fvl-2022-0028
  • Cordina, M., Lauri, M. A. (2021). Attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccination, vaccine hesitancy and intention to take the vaccine. Pharmacy Practice (Granada), 19(1). doi:10.18549/pharmpract.2021.1.2317
  • Çömlekçi, M. F., Başol, O. (2019). Research on social media news trust and news verification awareness. Galatasaray University Journal of Communication, (30):55-77. doi:10.16878/gsuilet.518697
  • Dunn, A. G., Leask, J., Zhou, X., Mandl, K. D., Coiera, E. (2015). Associations between exposure to and expression of negative opinions about human papillomavirus vaccines on social media: An observational study. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 17(6): e144. doi:10.2196/jmir.4343
  • Duong, H. T., Nguyen, L. T. V., Julian McFarlane, S., Nguyen, H. T., & Nguyen, K. T. (2023). Preventing the COVID-19 outbreak in Vietnam: Social media campaign exposure and the role of interpersonal communication. Health Communication, 38(2), 394-401. doi:10.1080/10410236.2021.1953729
  • Galasso, V., Pons, V., Profeta, P., Foucault, M. (2020). Gender differences in COVID-19 attitudes and behavior: Panel evidence from eight countries. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A., 117 (44): 27285-27291. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2012520117
  • Geniş, B., Gürhan, N., Koç, M., Geniş, Ç., Şirin, B., Çırakoğlu, O. C., Coşar, B. (2020). Development of perception and attitude scales related with COVID-19 pandemia. Pearson Journal of Social Sciences-Humanities, 5(7): 306-328.
  • Gülten, E., Özer Türk, D., Erol, A., Özel, Ç. (2019). The Knowledge, attitudes and beliefs of the healthcare workers about influenza infection and vaccination at a public hospital in Turkey. Infect. Dis. Clin. Microbiol, 2:87-96. doi:10.36519/idcm.2019.19013
  • Islam, M. S., Kamal, A. M., Kabir, A., Southern, D. L., Khan, S. H., Hasan, S. M. M., Sarkar, T., … Seale, H. (2021). COVID-19 vaccine rumors and conspiracy theories: The need for cognitive inoculation against misinformation to improve vaccine adherence. PloS one, 16(5), e0251605. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0251605
  • Jacobs, W., Amuta, A. O., Jeon, K. C., Alvares, C. (2017). “Health information seeking in the digital age: An analysis of health information seeking behavior among US adults,” Cogent Social Sciences, (3):1. ID 1302785 doi: 10.1080/23311886.2017.1302785
  • Jayachandran, S. (2021). Social norms as a barrier to women’s employment in developing countries. IMF Economic Review, 69(3):576-595. doi:10.1057/s41308-021-00140-w
  • Kanchan, S., Gaidhane, A. (2023). Social media role and its impact on public health: A narrative review. Cureus, 15(1). doi:10.7759/cureus.33737
  • Kırık, A. M. (2017). Changing communication process with new media: The position of young people in the social sharing networks. Gumushane University E-Journal of Faculty of Communication, 5(1):230-261. doi:10.19145/gumuscomm.300815
  • Latkin, C. A., Dayton, L., Yi, G., Konstantopoulos, A., & Boodram, B. (2021). Trust in a COVID-19 vaccine in the U.S.: A social-ecological perspective. Social science & medicine (1982), 270, 113684. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.113684
  • Li, H.O.Y., Bailey, A., Huynh, D., Chan, J. (2020). YouTube as a source of information on COVID-19: A pandemic of misinformation? BMJ Global Health, 5(5): e002604. doi:10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002604
  • Lin, C. Y., Broström, A., Griffiths, M. D., Pakpour, A. H. (2020). Investigating mediated effects of fear of COVID-19 and COVID-19 misunderstanding in the association between problematic social media use, psychological distress, and insomnia. Internet Interventions, 21:100345. doi:10.1016/j.invent.2020.100345
  • Lindner-Pawłowicz, K., Mydlikowska-Śmigórska, A., Łampika, K., Sobieszczańska, M. (2021). COVID-19 Vaccination acceptance among healthcare workers and general population at the very beginning of the national vaccination program in Poland: a cross-sectional, exploratory study. Vaccines, 10(1):66. doi:10.3390/vaccines10010066
  • Lucia, V. C., Kelekar, A., Afonso, N. M. (2021). COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among medical students. Journal of Public Health, 43(3):445-449. doi:10.1093/pubmed/fdaa230
  • Lunden, I. (2020). Twitter prioritizes blue-check verifications to confirm experts on COVID-19 and the novel coronavirus. TechCrunch. 2020, Mar 21. URL: https://techcrunch.com/2020/03/21/twitter-prioritizes-blue-check-verifications-to-confirm-experts-on-COVID-19-and-the-novel-coronavirus/.
  • McAndrew, S., Allington, D. (2020). How do mode and frequency of COVID-19 information updates, political values, and future COVID-19 vaccine attitudes. Preprint. PsyArXiv. doi:10.31234/osf.io/j7srx
  • Moderna Announces. (2020). First Participant Dosed in NIH-led Phase 1 Study of mRNA Vaccine (mRNA-1273) Against Novel Coronavirus. 16 March 2020. https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1682852/000119312520074867/d884510dex992.htm
  • Murphy, J., Vallières, F., Bentall, R. P., Shevlin, M., McBride, O., Hartman, T. K., McKay, R., Bennett, K., … Hyland P. (2020). Preparing for a COVID-19 vaccine: Identifying and psychologically profiling those who are vaccine hesitant or resistant in two general population samples. Preprint. PsyArXiv, doi:10.31234/osf.io/pev2b.
  • Murphy, J., Vallières, F., Bentall, R. P., Shevlin, M., McBride O., … Hyland P. (2021). Psychological characteristics associated with COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and resistance in Ireland and the United Kingdom. Nat Commun, 12(1):29. doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-20226-9
  • National Communications Authority. 2021. “Quarterly Statistical Bulletin on Communications in Ghana,” https://nca.org.gh/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/stats-bulletin4.pdf
  • Özceylan, G., Toprak, D., Esen, E.S. (2020). Vaccine rejection and hesitation in Turkey. Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics, 16(5):1034-1039. doi:10.1080/21645515.2020.1717182
  • Perez, S. (2020). Report: WhatsApp has seen a 40% increase in usage due to COVID-19 pandemic. TechCrunch. March 26. https://techcrunch.com/2020/03/26/report-whatsapp-has-seen-a-40-increase-in-usage-due-to-COVID-19-pandemic/.
  • Puri, N., Coomes, E. A., Haghbayan, H., Gunaratne, K. (2020). Social media and vaccine hesitancy: new updates for the era of COVID-19 and globalized infectious diseases. Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics, 16(11): 2586-2593. doi:10.1080/21645515.2020.1780846
  • Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Health. Health statistics yearbook 2017. Newsletter, 2018. [accessed 02 Sep 2023] Roth, Y., Pickles, N. (2020). Updating our approach to misleading information. Twitter. May 11 URL: https://blog.twitter.com/en_us/topics/product/2020/updating-our-approach-to-misleading-information.html
  • Samaras, L., García-Barriocanal, E., Sicilia, M. A. (2020). Comparing social media and Google to detect and predict severe epidemics. Sci Rep., 10 (4747). doi:10.1038/s41598-020-61686-9.
  • Smith, N., Graham, T. (2019). Mapping the anti-vaccination movement on Facebook. Information Communication and Society, 22(9): 1310–1327. doi:10.1080/1369118X.2017.1418406
  • Southwell, B. G., Niederdeppe, J., Cappella, J. N., Gaysynsky, A., Kelley, D. E., Oh, A., Peterson, E. B., Chou, W.Y.S. (2019). Misinformation as a misunderstood challenge to public health. Am. J. Prev. Med., 57 (2):282-285. doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2019.03.009
  • Topçu, S., Almış, H., Başkan, S., Turgut, M., Orhon F. Ş., Ulukol, B. (2019). Evaluation of childhood vaccine refusal and hesitancy intentions in Turkey. The Indian Journal of Pediatrics, 86(1):38-43. doi:10.1007/s12098-018-2714-0
  • Verger, P., Dubé, E. (2020). Restoring confidence in vaccines in the COVID-19 era. Expert Review of Vaccines, 19 (11), 991-993. doi:10.1080/14760584.2020.1825945
  • Walsh, E. E., Frenck, R. W., Falsey, A. R., Kitchin, N., Absalon, J., Gurtman, A., …. Gruber, W.C. (2020). Safety and immunogenicity of two RNA-based COVID-19 vaccine candidates. N Engl J Med, 383:2439-2450. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2027906
  • Zhang, J., Featherstone, J. D., Calabrese, C., Wojcieszak, M. (2021). Effects of fact-checking social media vaccine misinformation on attitudes toward vaccines. Preventive Medicine, 145:106408. doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2020.106408
Toplam 46 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Dahili Hastalıklar Hemşireliği
Bölüm ARAŞTIRMA MAKALELERİ
Yazarlar

Dilek Baykal 0000-0001-5965-9318

Leman Kutlu 0000-0001-6393-8328

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 22 Nisan 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 21 Nisan 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 17 Mart 2024
Kabul Tarihi 4 Şubat 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Baykal, D., & Kutlu, L. (2025). The Effect of Trust and Verification of Social Media News on the COVID-19 Vaccine Attitude. Bandırma Onyedi Eylül Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri ve Araştırmaları Dergisi, 7(1), 53-64. https://doi.org/10.46413/boneyusbad.1454489
AMA Baykal D, Kutlu L. The Effect of Trust and Verification of Social Media News on the COVID-19 Vaccine Attitude. Bandırma Onyedi Eylül Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri ve Araştırmaları Dergisi. Nisan 2025;7(1):53-64. doi:10.46413/boneyusbad.1454489
Chicago Baykal, Dilek, ve Leman Kutlu. “The Effect of Trust and Verification of Social Media News on the COVID-19 Vaccine Attitude”. Bandırma Onyedi Eylül Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri ve Araştırmaları Dergisi 7, sy. 1 (Nisan 2025): 53-64. https://doi.org/10.46413/boneyusbad.1454489.
EndNote Baykal D, Kutlu L (01 Nisan 2025) The Effect of Trust and Verification of Social Media News on the COVID-19 Vaccine Attitude. Bandırma Onyedi Eylül Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri ve Araştırmaları Dergisi 7 1 53–64.
IEEE D. Baykal ve L. Kutlu, “The Effect of Trust and Verification of Social Media News on the COVID-19 Vaccine Attitude”, Bandırma Onyedi Eylül Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri ve Araştırmaları Dergisi, c. 7, sy. 1, ss. 53–64, 2025, doi: 10.46413/boneyusbad.1454489.
ISNAD Baykal, Dilek - Kutlu, Leman. “The Effect of Trust and Verification of Social Media News on the COVID-19 Vaccine Attitude”. Bandırma Onyedi Eylül Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri ve Araştırmaları Dergisi 7/1 (Nisan2025), 53-64. https://doi.org/10.46413/boneyusbad.1454489.
JAMA Baykal D, Kutlu L. The Effect of Trust and Verification of Social Media News on the COVID-19 Vaccine Attitude. Bandırma Onyedi Eylül Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri ve Araştırmaları Dergisi. 2025;7:53–64.
MLA Baykal, Dilek ve Leman Kutlu. “The Effect of Trust and Verification of Social Media News on the COVID-19 Vaccine Attitude”. Bandırma Onyedi Eylül Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri ve Araştırmaları Dergisi, c. 7, sy. 1, 2025, ss. 53-64, doi:10.46413/boneyusbad.1454489.
Vancouver Baykal D, Kutlu L. The Effect of Trust and Verification of Social Media News on the COVID-19 Vaccine Attitude. Bandırma Onyedi Eylül Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri ve Araştırmaları Dergisi. 2025;7(1):53-64.
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