Araştırma Makalesi

The Effects of Boron on Energy Security and Environmental Sustainability: The Case of Turkey

Cilt: 11 Sayı: 2 30 Haziran 2026
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The Effects of Boron on Energy Security and Environmental Sustainability: The Case of Turkey

Öz

The effects of boron exports on energy security and environmental sustainability were analyzed using Fourier-Autoregressive Distributed Lag (FARDL), Error Correction Model, and Toda- Yamamoto causality tests. The study consists of two models: Model 1 examines the effect of boron exports on energy import dependency, while Model 2 analyzes the effects of boron exports, economic growth, and the share of renewable energy on carbon emissions. Fourier-based unit root tests indicate that most series are integrated at the I(1) level, and Fourier-ARDL results reveal the existence of a long-run cointegration relationship among the variables. The findings indicate that the environmental impact of boron exports does not operate through a direct emission-reducing mechanism; rather, it reflects a short-term scale effect associated with increased production and energy demand, which is moderated in the long run by the expansion of renewable energy capacity and technological transformation. An increase in the share of renewable energy contributes to both strengthening energy security and reducing carbon emissions. Although economic growth leads to higher emissions in the short term, the expansion of renewable energy capacity helps to balance this effect over time. Error correction coefficients suggest that equilibrium is restored more rapidly in the energy security model, whereas the adjustment process is slower in the environmental sustainability model. The Toda- Yamamoto causality test does not detect short-run directional causality among the variables, while long-run relationships are supported by the cointegration results obtained from the Fourier-ARDL framework. Overall, the findings suggest that boron is not only a strategic export commodity but also a complementary policy instrument whose contribution to energy security and green transformation depends on its integration with renewable energy and technology-oriented policies.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Destekleyen Kurum

This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

Proje Numarası

Yok

Etik Beyan

This study does not involve any human or animal experiments, clinical applications, or survey studies that require the approval of an ethics committee. All data used in the study were obtained from publicly available national and international databases. The author(s) declare that all ethical principles have been followed during the preparation and publication of this study.

Teşekkür

I would like to thank the editors and reviewers of the Boron Journal for their contributions and support during the evaluation and publication process of this study.

Kaynakça

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  3. Dutta, A. (2014). Hydrogen energy: Fundamentals, production, and storage. Springer.
  4. Staffell, I., Scamman, D., Velazquez Abad, A., Balcombe, P., Dodds, P. E., Ekins, P., ... & Ward, K. R. (2019). The role of hydrogen and fuel cells in the global energy system. Energy & Environmental Science, 12(2), 463–491. https://doi.org/10.1039/C8EE01157E
  5. Züttel, A. (2004). Hydrogen storage methods. Materials Today, 6(9), 24–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1369-7021(03)00922-2
  6. Demirci, U. B., & Miele, P. (2014). Sodium borohydride for hydrogen storage: New perspectives. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 39(20), 10702–10711. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.01.038
  7. USGS (United States Geological Survey). (2022). Mineral Commodity Summaries 2022: Boron. Reston, VA: USGS.
  8. World Bank. (2023). World Development Indicators (WDI). Washington DC: World Bank.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

Çevresel Olarak Sürdürülebilir Mühendislik, Çevresel ve Sürdürülebilir Süreçler

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Yayımlanma Tarihi

30 Haziran 2026

Gönderilme Tarihi

18 Eylül 2025

Kabul Tarihi

6 Nisan 2026

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2026 Cilt: 11 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA
Taşcı, H. (2026). The Effects of Boron on Energy Security and Environmental Sustainability: The Case of Turkey. Journal of Boron, 11(2), 79-95. https://doi.org/10.30728/boron.1786507
AMA
1.Taşcı H. The Effects of Boron on Energy Security and Environmental Sustainability: The Case of Turkey. Journal of Boron. 2026;11(2):79-95. doi:10.30728/boron.1786507
Chicago
Taşcı, Hayriye. 2026. “The Effects of Boron on Energy Security and Environmental Sustainability: The Case of Turkey”. Journal of Boron 11 (2): 79-95. https://doi.org/10.30728/boron.1786507.
EndNote
Taşcı H (01 Haziran 2026) The Effects of Boron on Energy Security and Environmental Sustainability: The Case of Turkey. Journal of Boron 11 2 79–95.
IEEE
[1]H. Taşcı, “The Effects of Boron on Energy Security and Environmental Sustainability: The Case of Turkey”, Journal of Boron, c. 11, sy 2, ss. 79–95, Haz. 2026, doi: 10.30728/boron.1786507.
ISNAD
Taşcı, Hayriye. “The Effects of Boron on Energy Security and Environmental Sustainability: The Case of Turkey”. Journal of Boron 11/2 (01 Haziran 2026): 79-95. https://doi.org/10.30728/boron.1786507.
JAMA
1.Taşcı H. The Effects of Boron on Energy Security and Environmental Sustainability: The Case of Turkey. Journal of Boron. 2026;11:79–95.
MLA
Taşcı, Hayriye. “The Effects of Boron on Energy Security and Environmental Sustainability: The Case of Turkey”. Journal of Boron, c. 11, sy 2, Haziran 2026, ss. 79-95, doi:10.30728/boron.1786507.
Vancouver
1.Hayriye Taşcı. The Effects of Boron on Energy Security and Environmental Sustainability: The Case of Turkey. Journal of Boron. 01 Haziran 2026;11(2):79-95. doi:10.30728/boron.1786507