Evaluation of the relationship between Immature Granulocytes and Bone Mineral Density in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis

Öz

Objective: Immature granulocytes (IG) are defined as immature granulocytic myeloid cells in the form of band neutrophils, basophils or eosinophils. IGs are premature granulocytes (promyelocytes, myelocytes, metamyelocytes) released from the bone marrow in the presence of infection, inflammation, sepsis and other stimuli. Osteoporosis is closely related to body immune dysfunction and systematic inflammation activation. Our aim in this study was to evaluate the relationship between IG and bone mineral density in patients with and without osteoporosis. Materials and Methods: The study included patients who visited the Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinic of Ankara Atatürk Sanatorium Training and Research Hospital for routine check-ups between November 2022 and November 2023, aged 50-80 years, postmenopausal, and who underwent bone mineral density (BMD) testing, and had demographic data and immature granulocyte counts. In our study, the patients were divided into three groups based on their T-scores: Group 1 (T-score ≤ -2.5, n=199), Group 2 (T-score between -2.5 and -1, n=213), and Group 3 (T-score ≥ -1, n=203). Results: In Group 1, age, immature granulocyte count, immature granulocyte percentage, and lymphocyte count were found to be significantly different (p = 0.000*). According to the Pearson Chi-square test (p = 0.000*), a significant relationship was found between smoking status and BMD. The percentage of smokers was highest in Group 1 (43.7%). The smoking rate increased in individuals with lower BMD (p = 0.000*). Based on the disease status, a logistic regression model revealed that with each 1-unit increase in immature granulocyte count, the disease risk decreased by 96.3%. Conclusion: Our study evaluated the effects of inflammatory processes on bone mineral density and demonstrated that immature granulocyte count could be used as a potential biomarker in the diagnosis of osteoporosis.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Immature Granulocyte
• osteoporosis
• bone mineral densitometry

Postmenapozal Osteoporozlu Kadınlarda İmmatür Granülosit ile Kemik Mineral Yoğunluğu İlişkisinin Değerlendirilmesi

Öz

Amaç: İmmatür granülositler (IG); bant nötrofil, bazofil veya eozinofil formuna immatür granülositik miyeloid hücreler olarak tanımlanmaktadır. IG’ler enfeksiyon, inflamasyon, sepsis ve diğer uyaranlar olduğunda kemik iliğinden salınan prematüre granülositlerdir (promiyelosit, miyelosit, metamiyelosit). Osteoporoz vücut immün disfonksiyonu ve sistematik inflamasyon aktivasyonu ile yakından ilişkilidir. Bu çalışmadaki amacımız osteoporoz olan ve olmayan hastalar arasında IG ve kemik mineral yoğunluğu ilişkisini değerlendirmektir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Ankara Atatürk Sanatoryum Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Kadın Hastalıkları ve Doğum Kliniği’ne Kasım 2022 – Kasım 2023 tarihleri arasında postmenapozal 50-80 yaş aralığında rutin kontrol için başvuran ve kemik mineral dansitometri (KMD) çekimi yapılan, demografik verileri ve immatür granülosit sayıları olan hastalar çalışmaya dâhil edildi. Çalışmamızda hastalar; T skoru -2,5 ve altı olanlar (n=199) (Grup 1), T skoru -2,5 ve -1 arasında olanlar (n=213) (Grup 2), T skoru -1 ve üzeri olanlar (n=203) (Grup 3) olmak üzere 3 gruba ayrılmışlardır. Bulgular: Grup1’de yaş, immatür granülosit sayısı, immatür granülosit yüzdesi ve lenfosit sayısı anlamlı olarak bulunmuştur (p = 0,000*). Pearson Ki-kare testi (p = 0,000*) sonucuna göre sigara içme durumu ile KMD arasında anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmaktadır. Sigara içenlerin oranı, grup 1'de en yüksektir(%43,7). Daha düşük KMD olan bireylerde sigara içme oranı artmaktadır (p = 0,000*). Hastalık durumu baz alınarak kurulan lojistik regresyon modeline göre İmmatür granülosit sayısı 1 birim arttığında, hastalık riskinin %96,3 azalacağı tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç: Çalışmamız inflamatuar süreçlerin kemik mineral dansitesi üzerindeki etkilerini değerlendirmiş ve immatürgranülosit sayısının osteoporoz tanısında potansiyel bir biyobelirteç olarak kullanılabileceğini göstermiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• İmmatür Granülosit
• osteoporoz
• kemik mineral dansitometri

Kaynakça

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