Araştırma Makalesi
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İyotlu Kontrast Ajanların Bağırsak Mikroorganizmaları Üzerindeki Etkilerinin İn Vitro Değerlendirilmesi

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 15 Sayı: 4, 502 - 506, 15.12.2025

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, yaygın olarak kullanılan iyotlu kontrast ajanlarının, bağırsak mikrobiyotasını oluşturan seçilmiş kommensal ve fırsatçı mikroorganizmalar üzerinde bakteriyostatik veya bakterisidal etkiler gösterip göstermediğini araştırmaktır. Bu ajanların tanısal görüntülemede yaygın olarak kullanılması göz önüne alındığında, mikroorganizma canlılığı üzerindeki olası etkilerini anlamak klinik açıdan önem taşımaktadır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Candida spp., Lactobacillus spp., Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus spp. ve Escherichia coli suşları standart laboratuvar koşullarında kültüre edildi. Her suş, beş farklı iyotlu kontrast ajana beş farklı seyreltme düzeyinde (1/1, 1/2, 1/4, 1/8 ve 1/16) maruz bırakıldı. Antimikrobiyal etkinlik, kimyasal ajanların mikroorganizma büyümesini inhibe etme etkilerini değerlendirmek için yaygın olarak kullanılan in vitro bir yöntem olan disk difüzyon yöntemi ile değerlendirildi. Tüm kültürler, mikroorganizmaların büyüme özelliklerine bağlı olarak 18–48 saat süreyle 37°C’de aerobik koşullarda inkübe edildi.
Bulgular: Test edilen kontrast ajanlarının hiçbiri, herhangi bir mikroorganizma üzerinde herhangi bir seyreltme düzeyinde bakteriyostatik veya bakterisidal etki göstermedi. Tüm suşların büyüme paternleri, ajan türü ve konsantrasyonundan bağımsız olarak tutarlıydı ve mikroorganizma çoğalmasının engellenmediğini gösterdi.
Sonuç: Kontrollü in vitro koşullarda, iyotlu kontrast ajanlar, seçilmiş bağırsak mikroorganizmaları üzerinde antimikrobiyal aktivite göstermedi. Bu bulgular, bu ajanların kısa vadede bağırsak mikrobiyal canlılığını doğrudan etkilemesinin olası olmadığını ve rutin tanısal işlemler sırasında normal bağırsak mikrobiyal popülasyonlarının korunması açısından güvenli olduklarını düşündürmektedir.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Bae KT. Intravenous contrast medium administration and scan timing at CT: considerations and approaches. Radiology. 2010;256(1):32-61.
  • 2. Paulsen SR, Huprich JE, Fletcher JG, Booya F, Young BM, Fidler JL, et al. CT enterography as a diagnostic tool in evaluating small bowel disorders: review of clinical experience with over 700 cases. Radiographics. 2006;26(3):641-57.
  • 3. Davenport MS, Perazella MA, Yee J, Dillman JR, Fine D, McDonald RJ,, et al. Use of intravenous iodinated contrast media in patients with kidney disease: consensus statements from the American College of Radiology and the National Kidney Foundation. Radiology. 2020;294(3):660-8.
  • 4. Sender R, Fuchs S, Milo R. Revised estimates for the number of human and bacteria cells in the body. PLoS Biol. 2016;14(8):e1002533.
  • 5. Lynch SV, Pedersen O. The human intestinal microbiome in health and disease. N Engl J Med. 2016;375(24):2369-79.
  • 6. Kostic AD, Xavier RJ, Gevers D. The microbiome in inflammatory bowel disease: current status and the future ahead. Gastroenterology. 2014;146(6):1489-99.
  • 7. Turnbaugh PJ, Ley RE, Mahowald MA, Magrini V, Mardis ER, Gordon JI. An obesity-associated gut microbiome with increased capacity for energy harvest. Nature. 2006;444(7122):1027-31.
  • 8. Tang WH, Kitai T, Hazen SL. Gut microbiota in cardiovascular health and disease. Circ Res. 2017;120(7):1183-96.
  • 9. Belkaid Y, Hand TW. Role of the microbiota in immunity and inflammation. Cell. 2014;157(1):121-41.
  • 10. Dethlefsen L, Huse S, Sogin ML, Relman DA. The pervasive effects of an antibiotic on the human gut microbiota, as revealed by deep 16S rRNA sequencing. PLoS Biol. 2008;6(11):e280.
  • 11. Pasternak JJ, Williamson EE. Clinical pharmacology, uses, and adverse reactions of iodinated contrast agents: a primer for the nonradiologist. Mayo Clin Proc. 2012;87(4):390-402.
  • 12. McDonnell G, Russell AD. Antiseptics and disinfectants: activity, action, and resistance. Clin Microbiol Rev. 1999; 12(1):147-79.
  • 13. Mosler F, Richter J.K, Schindewolf M, Mertineit N, Tengg-Kobligk H, Heverhagen JT et al. Ionic and non-ionic intravenous X-ray contrast media: antibacterial agents. Acta Radiol. 2021; 62(12):1635-42.
  • 14. Raptopoulos V, Schwartz RK, McNicholas MM, Movson J, Pearlman J, Joffe N.Multiplanar helical CT enterography in patients with Crohn's disease. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1997;169(6):1545-50.
  • 15. Sandrasegaran K, Maglinte DD, Jennings SG, Chiorean MV. CT enterography and MR enterography in Crohn disease. Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 2018;47(1):101-16.
  • 16. Brönnimann MP, Hirzberger L, Keller PM, Gsell-Albert M. Antibacterial Effects of X-ray and MRI Contrast Media: An In Vitro Pilot Study. Int J Mol Sci. 2023;24(4):3470.

In Vitro Evaluation of the Effects of Iodinated Contrast Agents on Gut Microbiota

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 15 Sayı: 4, 502 - 506, 15.12.2025

Öz

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate whether commonly used iodinated contrast agents exert bacteriostatic or bactericidal effects on selected commensal and opportunistic microorganisms that constitute the gut microbiota. Given the widespread use of these agents in diagnostic imaging, understanding their potential impact on microbial viability is of clinical importance.
Method: Strains of Candida spp., Lactobacillus spp., Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus spp., and Escherichia coli were cultured under standard laboratory conditions. Each strain was exposed to five different iodinated contrast agentsat five dilution levels (1/1, 1/2, 1/4, 1/8, and 1/16). Antimicrobial activity was assessed using the disk diffusion method, a widely accepted in vitro technique for evaluating the inhibitory effects of chemical agents on microbial growth. All cultures were incubated aerobically at 37°C for periods ranging from 18 to 48 hours, depending on the growth characteristics of each microorganism.
Results: None of the tested contrast agents showed detectable bacteriostatic or bactericidal effects against any of the microorganisms at any dilution level. Growth patterns of all strains were consistent across different agent types and concentrations, indicating no inhibition of microbial proliferation.
Conclusion: Under controlled in vitro conditions, the iodinated contrast agents tested did not demonstrate any antimicrobial activity against selected gut microorganisms. These findings suggest that these agents are unlikely to directly affect gut microbial viability in the short term, supporting their safety in terms of maintaining normal intestinal microbial populations during routine diagnostic procedures.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Bae KT. Intravenous contrast medium administration and scan timing at CT: considerations and approaches. Radiology. 2010;256(1):32-61.
  • 2. Paulsen SR, Huprich JE, Fletcher JG, Booya F, Young BM, Fidler JL, et al. CT enterography as a diagnostic tool in evaluating small bowel disorders: review of clinical experience with over 700 cases. Radiographics. 2006;26(3):641-57.
  • 3. Davenport MS, Perazella MA, Yee J, Dillman JR, Fine D, McDonald RJ,, et al. Use of intravenous iodinated contrast media in patients with kidney disease: consensus statements from the American College of Radiology and the National Kidney Foundation. Radiology. 2020;294(3):660-8.
  • 4. Sender R, Fuchs S, Milo R. Revised estimates for the number of human and bacteria cells in the body. PLoS Biol. 2016;14(8):e1002533.
  • 5. Lynch SV, Pedersen O. The human intestinal microbiome in health and disease. N Engl J Med. 2016;375(24):2369-79.
  • 6. Kostic AD, Xavier RJ, Gevers D. The microbiome in inflammatory bowel disease: current status and the future ahead. Gastroenterology. 2014;146(6):1489-99.
  • 7. Turnbaugh PJ, Ley RE, Mahowald MA, Magrini V, Mardis ER, Gordon JI. An obesity-associated gut microbiome with increased capacity for energy harvest. Nature. 2006;444(7122):1027-31.
  • 8. Tang WH, Kitai T, Hazen SL. Gut microbiota in cardiovascular health and disease. Circ Res. 2017;120(7):1183-96.
  • 9. Belkaid Y, Hand TW. Role of the microbiota in immunity and inflammation. Cell. 2014;157(1):121-41.
  • 10. Dethlefsen L, Huse S, Sogin ML, Relman DA. The pervasive effects of an antibiotic on the human gut microbiota, as revealed by deep 16S rRNA sequencing. PLoS Biol. 2008;6(11):e280.
  • 11. Pasternak JJ, Williamson EE. Clinical pharmacology, uses, and adverse reactions of iodinated contrast agents: a primer for the nonradiologist. Mayo Clin Proc. 2012;87(4):390-402.
  • 12. McDonnell G, Russell AD. Antiseptics and disinfectants: activity, action, and resistance. Clin Microbiol Rev. 1999; 12(1):147-79.
  • 13. Mosler F, Richter J.K, Schindewolf M, Mertineit N, Tengg-Kobligk H, Heverhagen JT et al. Ionic and non-ionic intravenous X-ray contrast media: antibacterial agents. Acta Radiol. 2021; 62(12):1635-42.
  • 14. Raptopoulos V, Schwartz RK, McNicholas MM, Movson J, Pearlman J, Joffe N.Multiplanar helical CT enterography in patients with Crohn's disease. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1997;169(6):1545-50.
  • 15. Sandrasegaran K, Maglinte DD, Jennings SG, Chiorean MV. CT enterography and MR enterography in Crohn disease. Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 2018;47(1):101-16.
  • 16. Brönnimann MP, Hirzberger L, Keller PM, Gsell-Albert M. Antibacterial Effects of X-ray and MRI Contrast Media: An In Vitro Pilot Study. Int J Mol Sci. 2023;24(4):3470.
Toplam 16 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Radyoloji ve Organ Görüntüleme
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Nisa Başpinar 0000-0003-4240-6001

Damla Bağdu Çimen 0009-0001-6298-991X

Zeynep Sümer 0000-0002-1520-3359

İsmail Şalk 0000-0002-5156-6923

Gönderilme Tarihi 12 Ekim 2025
Kabul Tarihi 8 Aralık 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 15 Aralık 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 15 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

APA Başpinar, N., Bağdu Çimen, D., Sümer, Z., Şalk, İ. (2025). In Vitro Evaluation of the Effects of Iodinated Contrast Agents on Gut Microbiota. Bozok Tıp Dergisi, 15(4), 502-506. https://doi.org/10.16919/bozoktip.1800846
AMA Başpinar N, Bağdu Çimen D, Sümer Z, Şalk İ. In Vitro Evaluation of the Effects of Iodinated Contrast Agents on Gut Microbiota. Bozok Tıp Dergisi. Aralık 2025;15(4):502-506. doi:10.16919/bozoktip.1800846
Chicago Başpinar, Nisa, Damla Bağdu Çimen, Zeynep Sümer, ve İsmail Şalk. “In Vitro Evaluation of the Effects of Iodinated Contrast Agents on Gut Microbiota”. Bozok Tıp Dergisi 15, sy. 4 (Aralık 2025): 502-6. https://doi.org/10.16919/bozoktip.1800846.
EndNote Başpinar N, Bağdu Çimen D, Sümer Z, Şalk İ (01 Aralık 2025) In Vitro Evaluation of the Effects of Iodinated Contrast Agents on Gut Microbiota. Bozok Tıp Dergisi 15 4 502–506.
IEEE N. Başpinar, D. Bağdu Çimen, Z. Sümer, ve İ. Şalk, “In Vitro Evaluation of the Effects of Iodinated Contrast Agents on Gut Microbiota”, Bozok Tıp Dergisi, c. 15, sy. 4, ss. 502–506, 2025, doi: 10.16919/bozoktip.1800846.
ISNAD Başpinar, Nisa vd. “In Vitro Evaluation of the Effects of Iodinated Contrast Agents on Gut Microbiota”. Bozok Tıp Dergisi 15/4 (Aralık2025), 502-506. https://doi.org/10.16919/bozoktip.1800846.
JAMA Başpinar N, Bağdu Çimen D, Sümer Z, Şalk İ. In Vitro Evaluation of the Effects of Iodinated Contrast Agents on Gut Microbiota. Bozok Tıp Dergisi. 2025;15:502–506.
MLA Başpinar, Nisa vd. “In Vitro Evaluation of the Effects of Iodinated Contrast Agents on Gut Microbiota”. Bozok Tıp Dergisi, c. 15, sy. 4, 2025, ss. 502-6, doi:10.16919/bozoktip.1800846.
Vancouver Başpinar N, Bağdu Çimen D, Sümer Z, Şalk İ. In Vitro Evaluation of the Effects of Iodinated Contrast Agents on Gut Microbiota. Bozok Tıp Dergisi. 2025;15(4):502-6.
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