Adana’da 80 Yaş ve Üzeri Bireylerde Toplum Temelli Geriatrik Değerlendirme: Tanımlayıcı Kesitsel Bir Çalışma

Öz

Özet Giriş: İleri yaşlarda malnütrisyon, depresyon, bilişsel bozukluk, kırılganlık, düşme ve fonksiyonel yetersizlikler sık görülen geriatrik sendromlardır. Bu sendromlar sıklıkla bir arada bulunur ve yaşlı bireylerin morbidite, mortalite ve yaşam kalitesini olumsuz etkiler. Çalışmamızın amacı, Adana’da toplum temelli 80 yaş ve üzeri bireylerde çok boyutlu geriatrik değerlendirme yaparak geriatrik sendromların sıklığını ve birbirleriyle ilişkisini incelemektir. Yöntem: Tek merkezli, kesitsel ve tanımlayıcı bu çalışmada Adana’da yaşayan 80 yaş ve üzeri bireyler ev ziyaretleri kapsamında değerlendirildi (n=86). Katılımcılara demografik veri formu yanında Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form (MNA-SF), Geriatrik Depresyon Ölçeği-15 (GDS-15), Mini Mental Test (MMT), Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS), Günlük Yaşam Aktiviteleri (GYA), Enstrümantal Günlük Yaşam Aktiviteleri (EGYA), Timed Up and Go (TUG) ve 5 Tekrar Otur-Kalk Testi (5xSST) uygulandı. Veriler tanımlayıcı istatistiklerle sunuldu; değişkenler arası ilişkiler Pearson korelasyon ve eğitim düzeyi farklılıkları tek yönlü ANOVA testi ile incelendi. Bulgular: Katılımcıların yaş ortalaması 85.83 ± 3.04 yıl olup, %57’si kadın, %43’ü erkekti. Ortalama skorlar: MNA-SF 11.58 ± 1.71, GDS-15 4.11 ± 3.04, MMT 24.63 ± 2.58, CFS 3.64 ± 0.65, TUG 10.51 ± 3.14 sn (n=68), 5×SST 14.30 ± 4.64 sn (n=20). Katılımcıların %32.9’u malnütrisyon riski altında, %2.5’i malnütrisyon grubundaydı. Korelasyon analizinde, MNA-SF ile GDS-15 arasında orta düzeyde negatif (r = −0.39, p = 0.001), MNA-SF ile MMT arasında pozitif (r = 0.47, p < 0.001) ilişki saptandı. Kırılganlık (CFS), hem GYA (r = −0.57, p < 0.001) hem EGYA (r = −0.63, p < 0.001) skorlarıyla güçlü negatif korelasyon gösterdi. GDS-15, CFS (r = 0.48, p < 0.001) ve EGYA (r = −0.41, p < 0.001) ile anlamlı ilişkilidir. Eğitim düzeyine göre test puanları arasında anlamlı fark saptanmadı (tüm testlerde p > 0.05). Sonuç: Adana’da toplum temelli 80 yaş üzeri bireylerde malnütrisyon riski, depresyon, bilişsel bozulma ve kırılganlık sık görülmekte olup bu parametreler birbirleriyle ilişkili bulunmuştur. Bulgular, çok ileri yaş popülasyonunda çok boyutlu geriatrik değerlendirmenin önemini ortaya koymaktadır. Bu bulguların nedenselliğini ve klinik yansımalarını belirlemek üzere prospektif ve randomize araştırmalara ihtiyaç vardır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Geriatri
• Malnutrisyon
• Geriatrik sendromlar

Community-Based Geriatric Assessment in Individuals Aged 80 and Over in Adana: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study

Öz

Abstract Background: Malnutrition, depression, cognitive impairment, frailty, falls, and functional decline are common geriatric syndromes in older adults. These conditions often coexist and adversely affect morbidity, mortality, and quality of life. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and interrelationship of multiple geriatric syndromes among community-dwelling individuals aged 80 years and older in Adana, Türkiye. Methods: This single-center, descriptive, cross-sectional study included 86 participants aged ≥80 years who were assessed during home visits. Data were collected using a sociodemographic form, the Mini Nutritional Assessment–Short Form (MNA-SF), Geriatric Depression Scale–15 (GDS-15), Mini-Mental Test (MMT), Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS), Katz Activities of Daily Living (ADL), Lawton-Brody Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL), Timed Up and Go Test (TUG), and 5-Repetition Sit-to-Stand Test (5xSST). Descriptive statistics were calculated, Pearson correlation coefficients were used to examine associations, and one-way ANOVA was applied for education-level comparisons. Results: The mean age was 85.83 ± 3.04 years; 57% were women. Mean scores were MNA-SF 11.58 ± 1.71, GDS-15 4.11 ± 3.04, MMT 24.63 ± 2.58, and CFS 3.64 ± 0.65. Malnutrition risk was observed in 32.9%, and malnutrition in 2.5%. MNA-SF correlated negatively with GDS-15 (r = −0.39, p = 0.001) and positively with MMT (r = 0.47, p < 0.001). CFS correlated negatively with both ADL (r = −0.57, p < 0.001) and IADL (r = −0.63, p < 0.001). GDS-15 correlated positively with CFS (r = 0.48, p < 0.001) and negatively with IADL (r = −0.41, p < 0.001). No significant differences were observed across education levels (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Among community-dwelling individuals aged ≥80 years in Adana, malnutrition risk, depression, cognitive impairment, and frailty were prevalent and interrelated. These findings underscore the importance of comprehensive geriatric assessment in the very old population. Further prospective and interventional studies are warranted to clarify causal pathways and clinical implications.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Geriatrics
• Malnutrition
• Geriatric Syndromes

Kaynakça

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