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Boston Bağırsak Hazırlık Ölçeğine Göre Yetersiz Bağırsak Hazırlığının Belirleyicileri ve Sonuçları: Dört Yıllık Retrospektif Kohort Çalışması

Yıl 2026, Cilt: 16 Sayı: 1, 94 - 100, 15.03.2026
https://doi.org/10.16919/bozoktip.1866059
https://izlik.org/JA55RY29SJ

Öz

Amaç: Bağırsak hazırlığının kalitesi, kolonoskopi performansının temel belirleyicilerinden biridir. Yetersiz bağırsak hazırlığının belirleyicileri iyi tanımlanmış olmakla birlikte, bölünmüş-doz rejimlere uyumun sınırlı olduğu ortamlardan elde edilen gerçek yaşam verileri yetersizdir. Bu çalışmada, bölünmüş-doz rejim kullanımının sınırlı olduğu Türkiye’de üçüncü basamak bir merkezde yetersiz bağırsak hazırlığının belirleyicilerinin ve klinik sonuçlarının değerlendirilmesi amaçlandı.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Ocak 2021 ile Aralık 2024 tarihleri arasında yapılan tüm kolonoskopiler retrospektif olarak incelendi. Bağırsak hazırlığının yeterliliği, Boston Bağırsak Hazırlık Ölçeği (BBHÖ) ≥6 olanlar yeterli, <6 olanlar yetersiz olarak sınıflandırıldı. Demografik ve klinik faktörler çok değişkenli lojistik regresyon analizi ile değerlendirildi; adenom saptama oranı, çekuma ulaşma oranı ve bir yıl içinde tekrar kolonoskopi gereksinimi gibi sonuçlar gruplar arasında karşılaştırıldı.
Bulgular: Toplam 3.200 kolonoskopinin %23,7’sinde yetersiz bağırsak hazırlığı saptandı. Yetersiz hazırlık; yatan hasta olma durumu (aOR 2,74, %95 GA 1,95–3,58), kronik kabızlık (aOR 1,89, %95 GA 1,35–2,64), diabetes mellitus (aOR 1,43, %95 GA 1,09–1,87) ve bölünmüş-doz rejimin uygulanmaması (aOR 3,65, %95 GA 2,25–5,91) ile bağımsız olarak ilişkili bulundu. Yeterli bağırsak hazırlığı, çekuma ulaşma oranını (%98,6’ya karşı %92,1), adenom saptama oranını (%31,2’ye karşı %23,5) artırırken, bir yıl içinde tekrar kolonoskopi gereksinimini (%5,8’e karşı %16,7; p <0,001) anlamlı olarak azalttı.
Sonuç: Uzamış son doz–işlem aralığı ve bölünmüş-doz rejimlerin düşük kullanım oranı, değiştirilebilir en önemli risk faktörleri olarak öne çıkmaktadır. Hasta eğitiminin iyileştirilmesi ve bölünmüş-doz rejimlerin kullanımının artırılması, Türkiye’de kolonoskopi performansını geliştirmek için temel ve uygulanabilir hedeflerdir.

Etik Beyan

Çalışma protokolü, Sincan Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Etik Kurulu tarafından onaylanmıştır (onay numarası: SEAH-BAEK-2025-141).

Destekleyen Kurum

Bu çalışma herhangi bir finansal veya kurumsal destek almamıştır.

Teşekkür

Yazarın teşekkür beyanı bulunmamaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Rex DK, Schoenfeld PS, Cohen J, Pike IM, Adler DG, Fennerty MB, et al. Quality indicators for colonoscopy. Gastrointest Endosc. 2015;81(1):31–53.
  • 2. Kaminski MF, Regula J, Kraszewska E, Polkowski M, Wojciechowska U, Didkowska J, et al. Quality indicators for colonoscopy and the risk of interval cancer. N Engl J Med. 2010;362(19):1795–803.
  • 3. Sim JS, Koo JS. Predictors of inadequate bowel preparation and salvage options on colonoscopy. Clin Endosc. 2016;49(4):346–9.
  • 4. Lebwohl B, Kastrinos F, Glick M, Rosenbaum AJ, Wang T, Neugut AI. The impact of suboptimal bowel preparation on adenoma miss rates and the factors associated with early repeat colonoscopy. Gastrointest Endosc. 2011;73(6):1207–14.
  • 5. Lai EJ, Calderwood AH, Doros G, Fix OK, Jacobson BC. The Boston bowel preparation scale: a valid and reliable instrument for colonoscopy-oriented research. Gastrointest Endosc. 2009;69(3 Pt 2):620–5.
  • 6. Calderwood AH, Jacobson BC. Comprehensive validation of the Boston Bowel Preparation Scale. Gastrointest Endosc. 2010;72(4):686–92.
  • 7. Mahmood S, Farooqui S, Madhoun M. Predictors of inadequate bowel preparation for colonoscopy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2018;30(8):819–26.
  • 8. Martel M, Barkun AN, Menard C, Restellini S, Kherad O, Vanasse A. Split-dose preparations are superior to day-before bowel cleansing regimens: a meta-analysis. Gastroenterology. 2015;149(1):79–88.
  • 9. Feng L, Guan J, Dong R, Zhao K, Zhang M, Xia S, et al. Risk factors for inadequate bowel preparation before colonoscopy: a meta-analysis. J Evid Based Med. 2024;17(1):341–50.
  • 10. Agha OQ, Alsayid M, Brown MD. Bowel preparation in diabetic patients undergoing colonoscopy. Ann Gastroenterol. 2021;34(3):310–5.
  • 11. Yin H, Wang Y, Wang H, Li T, Xu X, Li F, et al. Derivation and validation of a prediction model for inadequate bowel preparation in Chinese outpatients. Sci Rep. 2025;15(1):1430.
  • 12. Jacobson BC, Anderson JC, Burke CA, Dominitz JA, Gross SA, May FP, et al. Optimizing bowel preparation quality for colonoscopy: consensus recommendations by the US Multi-Society Task Force on Colorectal Cancer. Gastroenterology. 2025;168(4):798–829.
  • 13. Hassan C, East J, Radaelli F, Spada C, Benamouzig R, Bisschops R, et al. Bowel preparation for colonoscopy: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) guideline – update 2019. Endoscopy. 2019;51(8):775–94.
  • 14. Calderwood AH, Thompson KD, Schroy PC, Lieberman DA, Jacobson BC. Good is better than excellent: bowel preparation quality and adenoma detection rates. Gastrointest Endosc. 2015;81(3):691–9.e1.
  • 15. Kim J, Choi JM, Lee J, Han YM, Jin EH, Lim JH, et al. Boston bowel preparation scale score 6 has more missed lesions compared with 7–9. Sci Rep. 2024;14(1):1605.
  • 16. Gao Y, Lin XJ. Effect of bowel preparation to colonoscopy interval on preparation quality and colonoscopy outcomes: a meta-analysis. Turk J Gastroenterol. 2023;34(1):26–34.
  • 17. Kim TK, Kim HW, Kim SJ, Ha JK, Jang HH, Hong YM, et al. Importance of the time interval between bowel preparation and colonoscopy in determining the quality of bowel preparation for full-dose polyethylene glycol preparation. Gut Liver. 2014;8(6):625–31.

Predictors and Outcomes of Inadequate Bowel Preparation Based on the Boston Bowel Preparation Scale: A Four-Year Retrospective Cohort Study

Yıl 2026, Cilt: 16 Sayı: 1, 94 - 100, 15.03.2026
https://doi.org/10.16919/bozoktip.1866059
https://izlik.org/JA55RY29SJ

Öz

Objective: The quality of bowel preparation is a key determinant of colonoscopy performance. Despite well-established predictors of inadequate bowel preparation, real-world data from settings with limited adherence to split-dose regimens remain scarce. This study aimed to evaluate the predictors and clinical consequences of inadequate bowel preparation in a tertiary Turkish center with limited use of split-dose regimens.
Materials and methods: All colonoscopies performed between January 2021 and December 2024 were retrospectively reviewed. Preparation adequacy was categorized as adequate (Boston Bowel Preparation Scale (BBPS) ≥6) or inadequate (BBPS <6). Demographic and clinical factors were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression, and outcomes such as adenoma detection rate, cecal intubation, and repeat colonoscopy were compared between groups.
Results: Among 3,200 colonoscopies, 23.7% had inadequate preparation. Inadequate cleansing was independently associated with inpatient status (aOR 2.74, 95 % CI 1.95–3.58), chronic constipation (aOR 1.89, 95 % CI 1.35–2.64), diabetes mellitus (aOR 1.43, 95 % CI 1.09–1.87), and lack of split-dose regimen (aOR 3.65, 95 % CI 2.25–5.91). Adequate preparation improved cecal intubation (98.6% vs 92.1%), ADR (31.2% vs 23.5%), and reduced repeat colonoscopy within one year (5.8% vs 16.7%, p <0.001).
Conclusions: The longer time interval and low use of split-dose regimens remain the most significant modifiable risk factors. Efforts to improve patient education and promote the adoption of split-dose regimens are essential to enhance colonoscopy performance in Türkiye.

Etik Beyan

The study protocol was approved by the Sincan Training and Research Hospital Ethics Committee (approval number: SEAH-BAEK-2025-141).

Destekleyen Kurum

This study did not receive any financial or institutional support.

Teşekkür

The author has no acknowledgments to declare.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Rex DK, Schoenfeld PS, Cohen J, Pike IM, Adler DG, Fennerty MB, et al. Quality indicators for colonoscopy. Gastrointest Endosc. 2015;81(1):31–53.
  • 2. Kaminski MF, Regula J, Kraszewska E, Polkowski M, Wojciechowska U, Didkowska J, et al. Quality indicators for colonoscopy and the risk of interval cancer. N Engl J Med. 2010;362(19):1795–803.
  • 3. Sim JS, Koo JS. Predictors of inadequate bowel preparation and salvage options on colonoscopy. Clin Endosc. 2016;49(4):346–9.
  • 4. Lebwohl B, Kastrinos F, Glick M, Rosenbaum AJ, Wang T, Neugut AI. The impact of suboptimal bowel preparation on adenoma miss rates and the factors associated with early repeat colonoscopy. Gastrointest Endosc. 2011;73(6):1207–14.
  • 5. Lai EJ, Calderwood AH, Doros G, Fix OK, Jacobson BC. The Boston bowel preparation scale: a valid and reliable instrument for colonoscopy-oriented research. Gastrointest Endosc. 2009;69(3 Pt 2):620–5.
  • 6. Calderwood AH, Jacobson BC. Comprehensive validation of the Boston Bowel Preparation Scale. Gastrointest Endosc. 2010;72(4):686–92.
  • 7. Mahmood S, Farooqui S, Madhoun M. Predictors of inadequate bowel preparation for colonoscopy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2018;30(8):819–26.
  • 8. Martel M, Barkun AN, Menard C, Restellini S, Kherad O, Vanasse A. Split-dose preparations are superior to day-before bowel cleansing regimens: a meta-analysis. Gastroenterology. 2015;149(1):79–88.
  • 9. Feng L, Guan J, Dong R, Zhao K, Zhang M, Xia S, et al. Risk factors for inadequate bowel preparation before colonoscopy: a meta-analysis. J Evid Based Med. 2024;17(1):341–50.
  • 10. Agha OQ, Alsayid M, Brown MD. Bowel preparation in diabetic patients undergoing colonoscopy. Ann Gastroenterol. 2021;34(3):310–5.
  • 11. Yin H, Wang Y, Wang H, Li T, Xu X, Li F, et al. Derivation and validation of a prediction model for inadequate bowel preparation in Chinese outpatients. Sci Rep. 2025;15(1):1430.
  • 12. Jacobson BC, Anderson JC, Burke CA, Dominitz JA, Gross SA, May FP, et al. Optimizing bowel preparation quality for colonoscopy: consensus recommendations by the US Multi-Society Task Force on Colorectal Cancer. Gastroenterology. 2025;168(4):798–829.
  • 13. Hassan C, East J, Radaelli F, Spada C, Benamouzig R, Bisschops R, et al. Bowel preparation for colonoscopy: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) guideline – update 2019. Endoscopy. 2019;51(8):775–94.
  • 14. Calderwood AH, Thompson KD, Schroy PC, Lieberman DA, Jacobson BC. Good is better than excellent: bowel preparation quality and adenoma detection rates. Gastrointest Endosc. 2015;81(3):691–9.e1.
  • 15. Kim J, Choi JM, Lee J, Han YM, Jin EH, Lim JH, et al. Boston bowel preparation scale score 6 has more missed lesions compared with 7–9. Sci Rep. 2024;14(1):1605.
  • 16. Gao Y, Lin XJ. Effect of bowel preparation to colonoscopy interval on preparation quality and colonoscopy outcomes: a meta-analysis. Turk J Gastroenterol. 2023;34(1):26–34.
  • 17. Kim TK, Kim HW, Kim SJ, Ha JK, Jang HH, Hong YM, et al. Importance of the time interval between bowel preparation and colonoscopy in determining the quality of bowel preparation for full-dose polyethylene glycol preparation. Gut Liver. 2014;8(6):625–31.
Toplam 17 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Gastroenteroloji ve Hepatoloji
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Yavuz Emre Parlar 0000-0002-7349-8415

Gönderilme Tarihi 18 Ocak 2026
Kabul Tarihi 24 Şubat 2026
Yayımlanma Tarihi 15 Mart 2026
DOI https://doi.org/10.16919/bozoktip.1866059
IZ https://izlik.org/JA55RY29SJ
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2026 Cilt: 16 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Parlar, Y. E. (2026). Predictors and Outcomes of Inadequate Bowel Preparation Based on the Boston Bowel Preparation Scale: A Four-Year Retrospective Cohort Study. Bozok Tıp Dergisi, 16(1), 94-100. https://doi.org/10.16919/bozoktip.1866059
AMA 1.Parlar YE. Predictors and Outcomes of Inadequate Bowel Preparation Based on the Boston Bowel Preparation Scale: A Four-Year Retrospective Cohort Study. Bozok Tıp Dergisi. 2026;16(1):94-100. doi:10.16919/bozoktip.1866059
Chicago Parlar, Yavuz Emre. 2026. “Predictors and Outcomes of Inadequate Bowel Preparation Based on the Boston Bowel Preparation Scale: A Four-Year Retrospective Cohort Study”. Bozok Tıp Dergisi 16 (1): 94-100. https://doi.org/10.16919/bozoktip.1866059.
EndNote Parlar YE (01 Mart 2026) Predictors and Outcomes of Inadequate Bowel Preparation Based on the Boston Bowel Preparation Scale: A Four-Year Retrospective Cohort Study. Bozok Tıp Dergisi 16 1 94–100.
IEEE [1]Y. E. Parlar, “Predictors and Outcomes of Inadequate Bowel Preparation Based on the Boston Bowel Preparation Scale: A Four-Year Retrospective Cohort Study”, Bozok Tıp Dergisi, c. 16, sy 1, ss. 94–100, Mar. 2026, doi: 10.16919/bozoktip.1866059.
ISNAD Parlar, Yavuz Emre. “Predictors and Outcomes of Inadequate Bowel Preparation Based on the Boston Bowel Preparation Scale: A Four-Year Retrospective Cohort Study”. Bozok Tıp Dergisi 16/1 (01 Mart 2026): 94-100. https://doi.org/10.16919/bozoktip.1866059.
JAMA 1.Parlar YE. Predictors and Outcomes of Inadequate Bowel Preparation Based on the Boston Bowel Preparation Scale: A Four-Year Retrospective Cohort Study. Bozok Tıp Dergisi. 2026;16:94–100.
MLA Parlar, Yavuz Emre. “Predictors and Outcomes of Inadequate Bowel Preparation Based on the Boston Bowel Preparation Scale: A Four-Year Retrospective Cohort Study”. Bozok Tıp Dergisi, c. 16, sy 1, Mart 2026, ss. 94-100, doi:10.16919/bozoktip.1866059.
Vancouver 1.Yavuz Emre Parlar. Predictors and Outcomes of Inadequate Bowel Preparation Based on the Boston Bowel Preparation Scale: A Four-Year Retrospective Cohort Study. Bozok Tıp Dergisi. 01 Mart 2026;16(1):94-100. doi:10.16919/bozoktip.1866059
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