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Miyopi ve Astigmatizma Hastalarında Transepitelyal Fotorefraktif Keratektomi Sonrası Ağrıyı Etkileyen Faktörler

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 15 Sayı: 3, 368 - 373, 15.09.2025
https://doi.org/10.16919/bozoktip.1703471

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, T-PRK sonrası postoperatif ağrı ile ilgili prediktif faktörleri açıklığa kavuşturmayı amaçladık
Gereç ve yöntemler: T-PRK yapılan tüm hastalardan ayrıntılı tıbbi öykü alındı ve oftalmolojik muayeneler yapıldı. Preoperatif dönemde ağrı varlığı, T-PRK işlemi sırasında ablasyonun boyutu, postoperatif şikayetler ve postoperatif 1. günde görsel analog skala (VAS) skoru kaydedildi. Ameliyat sonrası şikayetler değerlendirilirken hastalardan şikayet şiddetine göre 1 ile 10 arasında bir puan vermeleri istendi. Ameliyat sonrası 1. günde VAS skoru <5 olan hastalar Grup 1, ameliyat sonrası 1. günde VAS skoru ≥5 olan hastalar Grup 2 olarak sınıflandırıldı. Gruplar hastaların demografik özellikleri, ameliyat öncesi oküler ölçümler, ameliyat sırasında ablasyonun boyutu, ameliyat sonrası şikayetler ve ameliyat sonrası 1. günde VAS skorları açısından karşılaştırıldı.
Bulgular: Çalışmamıza T-PRK uygulanan 64 hasta çalışmaya dahil edildi ve 24 hastanın VAS skoru ≥5 idi. Ortalama VAS skoru Grup 1'de 2.1 ve Grup 2'de 7.0 idi ve Grup 2 için anlamlı olarak daha yüksekti (p= 0.001) 30 yaşın altında olmak daha yüksek postoperatif ağrı için prediktif bir faktördü (p= 0.020). Ayrıca, daha büyük ablasyon derinliği, yabancı cisim hissi varlığı ve göz kapağı şişliği ameliyat sonrası ağrıyı sırasıyla 2.182 kat, 2.667 kat ve 2.812 kat artırdı (sırasıyla p= 0.032, p= 0.004 ve p= 0.006).
Sonuç: Bu çalışma, T-PRK uygulanan her beş kişiden neredeyse ikisinin işlem sonrasında şiddetli ağrı çektiğini göstermiştir. Bulgularımız, 30 yaş altı genç yaş, daha büyük ablasyon derinliği ve yabancı cisim hissi ve göz kapağı şişmesi gibi semptomların T-PRK işlemini takiben şiddetli postoperatif ağrı için öngörücü faktörler olduğunu göstermiştir.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Medina A. The cause of myopia development and progression: Theory, evidence, and treatment. Surv Ophthalmol. 2022;67(2):488- 509.
  • 2. Pan CW, Ramamurthy D, Saw SM. Worldwide prevalence and risk factors for myopia. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 2012;32(1):3-16.
  • 3. Rose K, Harper R, Tromans C, Waterman C, Goldberg D, Haggerty C, et al. Quality of life in myopia. Br J Ophthalmol. 2000;84(9):1031- 4.
  • 4. Chong EW, Mehta JS. High myopia and cataract surgery. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2016;27(1):45-50.
  • 5. Çetinkaya S. Miyopi ve miyopik astigmatizma tedavisinde uygulanan PRK ve FS-LASİK prosedürlerinin kıyaslanması. Bozok Tıp Dergisi. 2019;9(3):26-31.
  • 6. Chang JY, Lin PY, Hsu CC, Liu CJ. Comparison of clinical outcomes of LASIK, Trans-PRK, and SMILE for correction of myopia. J Chin Med. Assoc. 2022;85(2):145-51.
  • 7. Fadlallah A, Fahed D, Khalil K, Dunia I, Menassa J, El Rami H, et al. Transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy: clinical results. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2011;37(10):1852-7.
  • 8. Celik U, Bozkurt E, Celik B, Demirok A, Yilmaz OF. Pain, wound healing and refractive comparison of mechanical and transepithelial debridement in photorefractive keratectomy for myopia: results of 1 year follow-up. Contact Lens and Anterior Eye. 2014;37(6):420-6.
  • 9. Scott J, Huskisson EC. Graphic representation of pain. Pain. 1976;2(2):175–84.
  • 10. Rymer P, Moscovici BK, Gomes R, Couto B, Schor P, Campos M. Pain response and symptoms in photorefractive keratectomy: mechanical de-epithelization compared with transepithelial ablation. Arq Bras Oftalmol. 2021;85(2):152-7.
  • 11. Özülken K, İlhan Ç. Transepitelyal ve Konvansiyonel Alkol Destekli Fotorefraktif Keratektomi Sonrası Yüksek Sıralı Aberasyonların Karşılaştırılması. Turk J Ophthalmol. 2020;50(3):127-32.
  • 12. van Dijk JFM, Zaslansky R, van Boekel RLM, Cheuk-Alam JM, Baart SJ, Huygen FJPM, et al. Postoperative Pain and Age: A Retrospective Cohort Association Study. Anesthesiology. 2021;135(6):1104-19.
  • 13. Henzler D, Kramer R, Steinhorst UH, Piepenbrock S, Rossaint R, Kuhlen R. Factors independently associated with increased risk of pain development after ophthalmic surgery. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2004;21(12):101-6.
  • 14. Ghanem VC, Ghanem RC, De Oliveira R. Postoperative pain after corneal collagen cross-linking. Cornea. 2013;32(1):20-4.
  • 15. Munnerlyn CR, Koons SJ, Marshall J. Photorefractive keratectomy: a technique for laser refractive surgery. J Cataract Refract Surg. 1988;14(1):46-52.
  • 16. Al-Mohaimeed MM. Factors affecting single-step transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy outcome in the treatment of mild, moderate, and high myopia: a cohort study. Int J Ophthalmol. 2022;15(5):786-92.
  • 17. Porela-Tiihonen S, Kaarniranta K, Kokki M, Purhonen S, Kokki H. A prospective study on postoperative pain after cataract surgery. Clin Ophthalmol. 2013:1429-35.
  • 18. Dell SJ, Gaster RN, Barbarino SC, Cunningham DN. Prospective evaluation of intense pulsed light and meibomian gland expression efficacy on relieving signs and symptoms of dry eye disease due to meibomian gland dysfunction. Clin Ophthalmol. 2017:11:817-27.

Factors Affecting Pain Following Transepithelial Photorefractive Keratectomy for Myopia and Astigmatism

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 15 Sayı: 3, 368 - 373, 15.09.2025
https://doi.org/10.16919/bozoktip.1703471

Öz

Purpose: In this study, to clarify predictive factors related to postoperative pain following T-PRK.
Material and Methods: Detailed medical history was taken and ophthalmological examinations were done in all patients undergoing T-PRK. Presence of pain in the preoperative era, size of ablation during T-PRK procedure, postoperative complaints and Visual analogue scale (VAS) score were recorded on the postoperative 1st day. During evaluation of postoperative complaints, patients were asked to give a score between 1 and 10 regarding complaint severity. Patients with VAS score <5 on 1st post operative day were classified as Group 1, and patients with VAS score ≥5 on 1st post operative day were categorized as Group 2. Groups were compared with regards to patient demographic features, preoperative ocular measurements, size of ablation during surgery, postoperative complaints, and VAS scores on 1st postoperative day.
Results: During the study period, 64 patients who underwent T-PRK were enrolled in the study, and 24 patients had VAS score ≥5. Mean VAS score was 2.1 in Group 1 and 7.0 in Group 2, which was significantly higher for Group 2 (p= 0.001) Being under the age of 30 was a predictive factor for higher postoperative pain(p= 0.020). In addition, larger ablation depth, presence of foreign body sensation, and eyelid swelling increased postoperative pain 2.182 times, 2.667 times and 2.812 times, respectively(p= 0.032, p= 0.004, and p= 0.006, respectively).
Conclusions: The present study demonstrated that almost two out of five individuals who underwent T-PRK suffered from severe pain following the procedure. Our findings demonstrated that younger age below 30 years, larger ablation depth, and symptoms including foreign body sensation and eyelid swelling were predictive factors for severe postoperative pain following the T-PRK procedure.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Medina A. The cause of myopia development and progression: Theory, evidence, and treatment. Surv Ophthalmol. 2022;67(2):488- 509.
  • 2. Pan CW, Ramamurthy D, Saw SM. Worldwide prevalence and risk factors for myopia. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 2012;32(1):3-16.
  • 3. Rose K, Harper R, Tromans C, Waterman C, Goldberg D, Haggerty C, et al. Quality of life in myopia. Br J Ophthalmol. 2000;84(9):1031- 4.
  • 4. Chong EW, Mehta JS. High myopia and cataract surgery. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2016;27(1):45-50.
  • 5. Çetinkaya S. Miyopi ve miyopik astigmatizma tedavisinde uygulanan PRK ve FS-LASİK prosedürlerinin kıyaslanması. Bozok Tıp Dergisi. 2019;9(3):26-31.
  • 6. Chang JY, Lin PY, Hsu CC, Liu CJ. Comparison of clinical outcomes of LASIK, Trans-PRK, and SMILE for correction of myopia. J Chin Med. Assoc. 2022;85(2):145-51.
  • 7. Fadlallah A, Fahed D, Khalil K, Dunia I, Menassa J, El Rami H, et al. Transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy: clinical results. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2011;37(10):1852-7.
  • 8. Celik U, Bozkurt E, Celik B, Demirok A, Yilmaz OF. Pain, wound healing and refractive comparison of mechanical and transepithelial debridement in photorefractive keratectomy for myopia: results of 1 year follow-up. Contact Lens and Anterior Eye. 2014;37(6):420-6.
  • 9. Scott J, Huskisson EC. Graphic representation of pain. Pain. 1976;2(2):175–84.
  • 10. Rymer P, Moscovici BK, Gomes R, Couto B, Schor P, Campos M. Pain response and symptoms in photorefractive keratectomy: mechanical de-epithelization compared with transepithelial ablation. Arq Bras Oftalmol. 2021;85(2):152-7.
  • 11. Özülken K, İlhan Ç. Transepitelyal ve Konvansiyonel Alkol Destekli Fotorefraktif Keratektomi Sonrası Yüksek Sıralı Aberasyonların Karşılaştırılması. Turk J Ophthalmol. 2020;50(3):127-32.
  • 12. van Dijk JFM, Zaslansky R, van Boekel RLM, Cheuk-Alam JM, Baart SJ, Huygen FJPM, et al. Postoperative Pain and Age: A Retrospective Cohort Association Study. Anesthesiology. 2021;135(6):1104-19.
  • 13. Henzler D, Kramer R, Steinhorst UH, Piepenbrock S, Rossaint R, Kuhlen R. Factors independently associated with increased risk of pain development after ophthalmic surgery. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2004;21(12):101-6.
  • 14. Ghanem VC, Ghanem RC, De Oliveira R. Postoperative pain after corneal collagen cross-linking. Cornea. 2013;32(1):20-4.
  • 15. Munnerlyn CR, Koons SJ, Marshall J. Photorefractive keratectomy: a technique for laser refractive surgery. J Cataract Refract Surg. 1988;14(1):46-52.
  • 16. Al-Mohaimeed MM. Factors affecting single-step transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy outcome in the treatment of mild, moderate, and high myopia: a cohort study. Int J Ophthalmol. 2022;15(5):786-92.
  • 17. Porela-Tiihonen S, Kaarniranta K, Kokki M, Purhonen S, Kokki H. A prospective study on postoperative pain after cataract surgery. Clin Ophthalmol. 2013:1429-35.
  • 18. Dell SJ, Gaster RN, Barbarino SC, Cunningham DN. Prospective evaluation of intense pulsed light and meibomian gland expression efficacy on relieving signs and symptoms of dry eye disease due to meibomian gland dysfunction. Clin Ophthalmol. 2017:11:817-27.
Toplam 18 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Göz Hastalıkları, Optik Teknoloji
Bölüm Orjinal Çalışma
Yazarlar

Süleyman Gökhan Kerci Bu kişi benim 0000-0001-7480-5061

Berna Sahan 0000-0002-4538-2757

Yayımlanma Tarihi 15 Eylül 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 21 Mayıs 2025
Kabul Tarihi 25 Ağustos 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 15 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Kerci, S. G., & Sahan, B. (2025). Factors Affecting Pain Following Transepithelial Photorefractive Keratectomy for Myopia and Astigmatism. Bozok Tıp Dergisi, 15(3), 368-373. https://doi.org/10.16919/bozoktip.1703471
AMA Kerci SG, Sahan B. Factors Affecting Pain Following Transepithelial Photorefractive Keratectomy for Myopia and Astigmatism. Bozok Tıp Dergisi. Eylül 2025;15(3):368-373. doi:10.16919/bozoktip.1703471
Chicago Kerci, Süleyman Gökhan, ve Berna Sahan. “Factors Affecting Pain Following Transepithelial Photorefractive Keratectomy for Myopia and Astigmatism”. Bozok Tıp Dergisi 15, sy. 3 (Eylül 2025): 368-73. https://doi.org/10.16919/bozoktip.1703471.
EndNote Kerci SG, Sahan B (01 Eylül 2025) Factors Affecting Pain Following Transepithelial Photorefractive Keratectomy for Myopia and Astigmatism. Bozok Tıp Dergisi 15 3 368–373.
IEEE S. G. Kerci ve B. Sahan, “Factors Affecting Pain Following Transepithelial Photorefractive Keratectomy for Myopia and Astigmatism”, Bozok Tıp Dergisi, c. 15, sy. 3, ss. 368–373, 2025, doi: 10.16919/bozoktip.1703471.
ISNAD Kerci, Süleyman Gökhan - Sahan, Berna. “Factors Affecting Pain Following Transepithelial Photorefractive Keratectomy for Myopia and Astigmatism”. Bozok Tıp Dergisi 15/3 (Eylül2025), 368-373. https://doi.org/10.16919/bozoktip.1703471.
JAMA Kerci SG, Sahan B. Factors Affecting Pain Following Transepithelial Photorefractive Keratectomy for Myopia and Astigmatism. Bozok Tıp Dergisi. 2025;15:368–373.
MLA Kerci, Süleyman Gökhan ve Berna Sahan. “Factors Affecting Pain Following Transepithelial Photorefractive Keratectomy for Myopia and Astigmatism”. Bozok Tıp Dergisi, c. 15, sy. 3, 2025, ss. 368-73, doi:10.16919/bozoktip.1703471.
Vancouver Kerci SG, Sahan B. Factors Affecting Pain Following Transepithelial Photorefractive Keratectomy for Myopia and Astigmatism. Bozok Tıp Dergisi. 2025;15(3):368-73.
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