Travma Sonrası Stres Bozukluğu Üzerine Bir İnceleme

Öz

Bireylerin fiziksel veya psikolojik bütünlüğüne zarar veren, günlük yaşam akışını bozan, olumsuz duygu ve düşüncelerin ortaya çıkmasına neden olan, işlevsel bozukluklara yol açan her türlü olaya travma denilebilir. Travma sonucu korku, çaresizlik, suçluluk gibi duygular yaşanabilir ve bireylerin ego gelişimi ve olgunlaşması üzerinde olumsuz etkilere yol açabilir. Travmatik yaşam olayları insan kaynaklı ve doğal kaynaklı olmak üzere ikiye ayrılır. İnsan kaynaklı travmatik olaylar kaza, taciz, işkence, tecavüz vb. olaylardır. Doğal kaynaklı travmatik olaylar ise doğal afetler, ölümcül hastalıklar, ölüm vb. olaylardır. Travma Sonrası Stres Bozukluğu ise travmatik bir olaydan sonra ortaya çıkar ve belirtileri genellikle travmatik olayın tekrarlama olasılığından korkma, sürekli tetikte olma, kaçınma davranışları sergileme ve duygu durum bozuklukları yaşamadır. TSSB nedeniyle ortaya çıkan bu olumsuz belirtiler depresyona, ruhsal ve davranışsal sorunlara yol açabilir. Bu bağlamda bu derlemenin yazılmasının amacı travma ve Travma Sonrası Stres Bozukluğu kavramlarını, yaygınlığını, ortaya çıkış nedenlerini ve tedavi yöntemlerini incelemektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• travma
• stres
• travma sonrası stres bozukluğu

A REVIEW ON POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER

Öz

Any event that harms the physical or psychological integrity of individuals, disrupts the flow of daily life, leads to the emergence of negative emotions and thoughts, and results in functional impairments can be defined as trauma. As a consequence of a traumatic event, individuals may experience emotions such as fear, helplessness, and guilt, which can negatively affect ego developmentæ and psychological maturation. Traumatic life events are classified into two categories: human-induced and naturally occurring. Human-induced traumatic events include accidents, harassment, torture, and rape, whereas naturally occurring traumatic events include natural disasters, fatal illnesses, and death. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) develops following exposure to a traumatic event, and its symptoms generally include fear of the recurrence of the traumatic event, persistent hyperarousal, avoidance behaviors, and mood disturbances. These negative symptoms associated with PTSD may lead to depression as well as various mental and behavioral problems. In this context, the aim of this review is to examine the concepts of trauma and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, as well as its prevalence, etiological factors, and treatment methods.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• trauma
• stress
• post traumatic stress disorder

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