FUTBOLCULARDA RAST TESTİNDE ENERJİ SİSTEM KATKISI VE FİZYOLOJİK YANITLAR: KESİTSEL BİR ÇALIŞMA

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı futbolcuların koşu tabanlı anaerobik sprint testindeki (RAST) fizyolojik yanıtlarının ve enerji sistem katkılarının sprint performansları üzerindeki ilişkisini incelemek üzerine oluşturulmuştur. Çalışmaya farklı liglerde futbol oynayan 20 erkek futbolcu (yaş: 21.2 ± 3.4 yıl) katılmıştır. Futbolcular 6x35m sprint protokolünü 10sn toparlanma aralıkları ile gerçekleştirmişlerdir. Testler sırasında RAST performans (Toplam Süre, En iyi Süre, Ortalama Süre, Yorgunluk İndeksi) ve güç değerleri (Zirve Güç, Ortalama Güç, Minumum Güç, Kuvvet İmpulsu) ölçülmüştür. Oksidatif, glikolitik ve ATP-PCr sistemlerin katkıları oksijen tüketimi (VO2) ve laktat (LA) değerlerinden hesaplanmış ve toparlanma VO2'si mono-eksponansiyel model kullanılarak hesaplanmıştır. RAST performans çıktıları, toparlanma oksijen tüketimi, kalp atım hızı ve laktat yanıtlarını karşılaştırılması için tek yönlü varyans analizi (ANOVA) kullanılmıştır. ANOVA'da anlamlı bir etki bulunduğunda olası farklılıkları belirlemek için Bonferroni çoklu karşılaştırma testi kullanılmıştır. RAST sonuçları ve enerji sistemlerinin katkıları arasındaki ilişkileri belirlemek için Pearson korelasyon testi kullanılmıştır. Enerji sistemlerinin katkıları ile RAST sonuçları arasında da istatiksel olarak anlamlı ilişki düzeyleri bulunmuştur. RAST sırasında ATP-PCr ve glikoliktik sistem katkısının daha baskın olduğu (genel: %69, Sadece spritnler:% 88) RAST zaman performansı ve kuvvet impulsu verilerinin anaerobik tabanlı değişkenlerle orta düzey pozitif ilişkiliydi. Glikolitik sistem katkısı toplam süre ve ortalama süre ile, ATP-PCr enerji sistem katkısı ise; zirve güç, ortalama güç, minimum güç ve kuvvet impulsu ile önemli ölçüde ilişkiliydi. RAST testine ait zamansal ve güç performans değerleri üzerine anaerobik tabanlı enerji sistem katkısı optimal performans verilerine ulaşılmasında önemli derecede ilişkilidir. Çalışma sonucunda elde edilen veriler ışığında metabolik tepkilerin anlaşılması, yüksek yoğunluklu egzersiz içeren antrenman programlarında hedeflenen enerji sistemlerinin geliştirilmesi için önemli olabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Enerji sistem katkısı
• Futbol
• Tekrarlı Sprint

ENERGY SYSTEM CONTRIBUTION AND PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES IN RAST TEST IN FOOTBALL PLAYERS: A CROSSSECTIONAL STUDY

Öz

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between physiological responses and energy system contributions on sprint performance of football players in the run-based anaerobic sprint test (RAST). Twenty male footballers (age: 21.2 ± 3.4 yrs) playing football in different leagues participated in the study. The football players performed a 6x35m sprint protocol with 10sec recovery intervals. RAST performance (Total Time, Best Time, Average Time, Fatigue Index) and power values (Peak Power, Average Power, Minimum Power, Force Impulse) were measured during the tests. Contributions of oxidative, glycolytic and ATP-PCr systems were calculated from oxygen consumption (VO2) and lactate (LA) values and recovery VO2 was calculated using a mono-exponential model. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare RAST performance outcomes, recovery oxygen consumption, heart rate and lactate responses. Bonferroni multiple comparison test was used to identify possible differences when a significant effect was found in ANOVA. Pearson correlation test was used to determine the relationships between RAST results and contributions of energy systems. Statistically significant correlations were found between the contributions of energy systems and RAST results. During RAST, ATP-PCr and glycolytic system contribution was more dominant (overall: 69%, Spritnler only: 88%). RAST time performance and force impulse data were moderately positively correlated with anaerobic-based variables. Glycolytic system contribution was significantly associated with total time and mean time, and ATP-PCr energy system contribution was significantly associated with peak power, mean power, minimum power and force impulse. Anaerobic-based energy system contribution to the time and power performance values of the RAST test is significantly related to the achievement of optimal performance data. Understanding metabolic responses in the light of the data obtained as a result of the study may be important for developing targeted energy systems in training programmes involving high-intensity exercise.

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