BAYAN VOLEYBOLCULARDA ESNEKLİK EGZERSİZLERİNİN DİKEY SIÇRAMA PERFORMANSI ÜZERİNE ETKİLERİ

Öz

Araştırmaya 3.Lig de voleybol oynayan yaş ortalamaları 18.36 ± 0,67 yıl boy ortalaması 171,45±7,76 cm vücutağırlığı 58,18 ± 4,58 kg olan 11 bayan sporcunun gönüllü olarak katılımları sağlanmıştır. Gönüllülerin vücut kompozisyonu belirlendikten sonra voleybol branşına özgü 5 tip dinamik egzersiz hareketi, bacağın 4 farklı kas gurubuna 8x2 sn statik germe egzersiz testi uygulandı. Bu uygulamadan sonra dinamik ve statik egzersizler ayr ıgünlerde yaptırılıp, yarım squat, tam squat ve yaylanarak sıçrama testleri uygulandı. Dinamikyarım squat sıçrama 31,86±2,05 cm dinamik tam squat sıçrama 31,71 ± 1,30 cm dinamik yaylanarak sıçrama 37,20 ± 1,49 cm statik yarım squat sıçrama 32,86 ± 1,86 statik tam squat sıçrama 34,25 ± 1,67 cm statik yaylanarak sıçrama 37,91±1,50 cm olarak ölçülmüş. Dinamik ve statik tam squat sıçrama ölçüm ortalamaları değerlendirildiğinde dinamik 30,46 ± 1,27 cm ve statik 32,94±1,63 cm tam squat sıçrama ölçüm değerlerinin ortalamaları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir farkın olduğu tespit edilmiştir. p=0,002

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Egzersiz,static germe,dinamik germe

EFFECTS OF FLEXIBILITY EXERCISES IN FEMALE VOLLEYBALL PLAYERS ON VERTICALJUMP PERFORMANCE

Öz

11 females athletes, who play volleyball in 3rd league, whose average ages are 18.36  0.67 years, average heights are 171.45  7,76 cm, and body masses are 58,18 4,58 were provided to voluntarily participate in the study. After determining body compositions of volunteers, [in the context of ] 5 types of dynamic exercise movement specific to volleyball branch, static stretching exercise of 8 x 2 s were applied to 4 different groups of muscle. After this application, participants performed the dynamic and static exercises in the separate days and full squat, half squat, and counter movement jump tests were applied. Dynamic half squat jump, dynamic full squat jump, dynamic counter movement jump, static half squat jump, static full squat jump, and static counter movement jump were measured as 31.86 ± 2.05 cm, 31.71±1.30 cm, 37.20±1.49 cm, 32.86±1.86 cm; 34.25±1,67 cm; and 37.91±1.50 cm, respectively. When the mean measures of dynamic 30.46 ± 1.27 and static 32.94±1.63 full squat jumps are assessed, it was identified that there was a significant difference between the mean values of dynamic and static full squat jump measurements p=0.002

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Exercise,static stretching,dynamic stretching

Kaynakça

1. Barnes J.L., Schilling B.K., Falvo M.J., Weiss L.W., Creasy A.K., Fry A.C., ‘‘Relationship of Jumping and Agility Performance in Female Volleyball Athletes’’ Jstrength Cond Res, 21,1192– ,2007.
2. Bandy W.D.,Irion J.M., Briggler M.,‘‘Theeffect of time and frequency of staticstretching on flexibility of the hamstring muscles ’’PhysTher, 77:1090– ,1997.
3. Beedle B., Rytter S.J., Healy R.C., Ward T.R., ‘‘Pretesting static anddynamic stretching does not affect maximal strength’’ J StrengthCond Res, 22, –1843,2008.
4. Behm D.G.,Button D.C., Butt J.C.,‘‘Factorsaffecting force loss with prolonged stretching’’ Can J ApplPhysiol, 26, 261–272,2001.
5. Behm D.G., ‘‘Force maintenance with submaximal fatigu in gcontractions’’ Can J Appl , 274–290,2004. Physiol
6. Behm D.G., Bradbury E.E., Haynes A.T., Hodder J.N., Leonard A.M., Paddock N.T.,‘‘Flexibılıty ıs not related to stretch-ınduced deficıts ınforce or power’’Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 5, 42,2006.
7. Çoknaz H., Yıldırım N., Özengin N.,‘‘Artistik cimnastikçilerde performansa etkisi ’’Spormetre Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 6, 151-157,2008 [In Turkish]
8. Çon M., Akyol P., Tural E., Taşmektepliğil M.Y., ‘‘Voleybolcuların Esneklik ve Vücut Yağ Yüzdesi Değerlerinin Etkisi’’Selçuk üniversitesi beden eğitimi ve spor bilimleri dergisi, 14, 202-207, 2012 [In Turkish]

9. Egan A.D., Cramer J.T., Massey L.L., Marek S.M., ‘‘Acute effects ofstatic stretching on peak torque and mean power output in National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I women’s basketball players’’J Strength Cond Res, 20, 778–782,2006. Fletcher I.M., Monte-Colombo M.M., physiological investigation mechanis associated with changesinperformance related preactivitystretch Modalities ’’Appl Physiol Nutr Metab, 35, 27–34,2010. to different
10. FowlesJ.R.,Sale D.G., MacDougall J.D., ‘‘Reduced strength after passive stretch of the human plantar flexors’’JApplPhysiol, 89, 1179–1188,2000.
11. Gelen E., ‘‘Farklı ısınma protokollerinin sıçrama performansına akut etkileri’’ Spormetre Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 6, 207-212,2008 In Turkish]
12. Hakkinen K., ‘‘Changes In Physical Fitness Profile In Female Volleyball Players During The Competitive Season’’J Sports Med Phys Fitness, pp. 223– 232,1993.
13. Harvey L.,Herbert R., Crosbie J., ‘‘Does stretching induce lasting increases in joint rom? A systematic review’’Physiotherapy Research International, 7, 13,2002.
14. Hough L.E., Jung H.T., Krüerke D., Heberling M., ‘‘Helical Nanofilament Phases’’ 24, 456-460,2009.
15. High D.,Howley E., Franks B., ‘‘The effects of staticstretching and warm-up on prevention of delayed- onset muscles oreness’’ResQExercSport, , 357–61,1989.
16. Kamar A., ‘‘Sporda yetenek beceri ve performans testleri’’ 182-184,2003 [In Turkish]
17. Kay A.D., Blazevich A.J., ‘‘Isometric contractions reduce plantar flexor moment, Achilles tendon stiffness, and neuromuscular activity but remove the subsequent effects of stretch’’ApplPhysiol ,107,1181–1189,2009.
18. Kay A.D.,Blazevich A.J., ‘‘Moderate-duration static stretch reduce sactive and passive plantar flexor moment but not Achilles tendon stiffnessor active muscle length’’JApplPhysiol 106, 1249– ,2009.
19. Kubo K., Kanehisa H., Fukunaga T., ‘‘Is passive stiffness inhuman muscles related to the elasticity ApplPhysiol, 85, 226–32,2001.
20. Kubo K., Kanehisa H., Fukunaga T., ‘‘Effects of resistance andstretching training programmes on the viscoelastic propertiesof human tendon structures in vivo’’ J Physiol, 538, 219–26,2002.
21. Knudson D., ‘‘The Biomechanics of Stretching’’ Journal of Exercise Science &Physiotherapy, 2, 12,2006.
22. Knudson D., Magnusson P., McHugh M., ‘‘Current President's Council on Physical,Fitness and Sports Research Digest, 1-8,2000.
23. Magnusson S.P., Simonsen E.B., Aagaard P., Kjaer M., ‘‘Biomechanical Responses to Repeated Stretches in Human Hamstring Muscle In Vivo’’Am J Sports Med, 24, 622-8. 1996.
24. Molacek Z.D., Conley D.S., Evetovich T.K., Hinnerichs K.R., ‘‘Effects of low- and high- volume stretching on bench pressperformance in collegiate football players’’ J Strength Cond Res, , 711–716,2006. structures?Eur ’’J issues in flexibility fitness’’The
25. McMillian D.J., Moore J.H., Hatler B.S., Taylor D.C., ‘‘Dynamic vs.static-stretching warm up: the effect on power and agilityperformance’’ J Strength Cond Res, 20, 492–499,2006.
26. Moore J.C., ‘‘Thegolgi tendon organ: A review and update’’ The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 38, 227-236,1984.
27. Nelson A.G.,Kokkonen J., ‘‘Acute Ballistic Muscle Stretching Inhibits Maximal Strength Performance’’ American Alliance for Health, Physical (4), 415-419,2001.
28. Özer K., ‘‘Antropometri, Sporda Morfolojik Planlama’’Kazancı Matbaacılık, 114,1993 [In Turkish]
29. Power K.,Behm D., Cahill F., Carroll M., Young W., ‘‘An acutebout of static stretching: effects on force and jumping performance’’MedSci Sports Exerc, 36, 1389–1396,2004.
30. Safran M.R.,Seaber A.V., Garrett W.E., ‘‘Warm- up and muscularinjury prevention’’ An update. Sports Med.Oct; 8(4), 239-49,1989.
31. Samuel M.N., Holcomb W.R., Guadagnoli M.A., Rubley M.D., Wallmann H., ‘‘Acute effects of static and ballistic stretching on measures of strength and power’’J Strength Cond Res, 22, –1428,2008.
32. Shellock F.,Prentice W., ‘‘Warming-up and stretching for improved physical performance and prevention of sports-relatedinjuries’’Sports Med, 2, 267–78,1985.
33. Smith C., ‘‘Thewarm-upprocedure: tostretchor not tostretch: abriefreview’’J Orthop Sports PhysTher, 19,12 17, 1994.
34. Solomonow M.,‘‘Ligaments:a source of work- related musculoskeletal disorders’’ Journal of Electro myography and Kinesiology, 14, 49– ,2004.
35. Şimşek B., Ertan E., Göktepe A.S., Yazıoğlu K., ‘‘Bayan voleybolcularda diz kas kuvvetinin sıçrama yüksekliğine etkisi’’egzersiz, sayı.1 no ,2007 [In Turkish]
36. Tsolakis C., Bogdanis G.C., ‘‘Acute effects of two different warm-up protocols on flexibility and lower limb explosive performance in male and female high level athletes’’Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 11, 669-675,2012.
37. Young W., Elias G., Power J., ‘‘Effects of static stretching volumeand intensity on plantar flexor explosive force production andrange of motion’’ J Sport Med Phys Fitness, 46, 403–41,2006.
38. Wallmann H.W, Mercer J.A., Mcwhorter J.W., ‘‘Surface electromyographic assessment of the effect of static stretching of the gastrocnemius on vertical jump performance’’Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 19, 684-688,2005. Weerapong
39. ‘‘Stretching: Mechanısms and Benefits For Sport Performance and Injury Prevention’’Physical Therapy Reviews, 9, 189–206,2004. Kolt G.S.