SPORDA SÜRDÜRÜLEBİLİRLİK ÖLÇEĞİ’NİN GEÇERLİK VE GÜVENİRLİK ÇALIŞMASI: TÜRK ÜNİVERSİTE ÖĞRENCİLERİ

Öz

Bu araştırmanın amacı, spor alanında lisans öğrenimi gören öğrencilerin sporda sürdürülebilirliğe ilişkin tutumlarını ölçebilecek bir ölçme aracı Sporda Sürdürülebilirlik Ölçeği-SSÖ geliştirmektir. Araştırmaya Sakarya Üniversitesi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Yüksekokulu’nda öğrenim gören 125’i kadın 201’i erkek 326 öğrenci katılmıştır. Ölçme aracının güvenirliğini tespit etmek amacıyla Açımlayıcı Faktör Analizi AFA ve Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizi DFA kullanılmıştır. DFA sonunda ölçeğin 38 madde ve altı alt boyuttan oluştuğu tespit edilmiştir. DFA sonucunda ise 6 boyut ve 35 maddelik yapı doğrulanmıştır. Cronbach’s Alpha güvenirlik katsayısına ve iki yarı test korelasyonu katsayısına bakılmış ve bu değerler sırasıyla .915 ve .823 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Sonuç olarak; yapılan geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması sonucunda spor alanında lisans öğrenimi gören öğrencilerin sporda sürdürülebilirliğe ilişkin tutumlarını ölçmek amacıyla geliştiren SSÖ’nün kullanılabilir bir ölçüm aracı olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Anahtar kelimeler: Güvenirlik, spor, sürdürülebilirlik, üniversite öğrencisi, geçerlik

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Güvenirlik,spor,sürdürülebilirlik,üniversite öğrencisi,geçerlik

VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY OF THE SUSTAINABILITY IN SPORT SCALE: TURKISH UNIVERSITY STUDENTS

Öz

The purpose of this research is to develop a scale measuring attitudes toward sustainability in sport of the undergraduate education students in the field of sports Sustainability in Sport Scale- Sus-S . A total of 326 School of Physical Education and Sports of Sakarya University students 125 women, 201 men participated in the study. The Exploratory Factor Analysis EFA and Confirmatory Factor Analysis CFA were used to determine the validity of the measurement instrument. In the EFA analysis, the structure with 38 items and six factors was reached as in the original form. The analysis carried out in the scope of the CFA revealed that six factor and 35 items. Cronbach’s Alpha reliability coefficient and two half correlation coeffıcient values are calculated respectively .915 and .823. The findings show that the Sus-S is a reliable and valid measuring instrument to be used to measure Turkish undergraduate students in the field of sports’ attitudes towards sustainability in sport

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Reliability,sport,sustainability,undergraduate students,validity

Kaynakça

1. Aiken, L.R., Rating Scales and Checklists: Evaluating Behavior, Questionnaires and Inventories: Surveying Opinions and Examinations: Measuring Abilities and Performance, John Wiley&Sons Inc., New York, NY, 1999. Bentler, P.M., “Multivariate analysis with latent variables: Causal modeling”, Annual Review of Psychology, Vol. 31, pp. 419-456, 180. and Accessing Personality and Tests and 2.
2. Browne, M.W., Cudeck, R., “Alternative ways of assessing model fit”, in Bollen, K.A. & Long, J.S. (Ed.), Testing Structural Equation Models, Sage Publications, Newbury Park, CA, pp. 136-162, 1993. Brymer, E., Downey, G., Gray, T., “Extreme sports as a precursor to environmental sustainability”, Journal of Sport & Tourism, Vol. 14, No. 2-3, pp.193-204, 2009.
3. Chernushenko, D., Van Der Kamp, A., Stubbs, D., Sustainable Environmentally Responsible Organization, Green & Gold Inc, Canada, Ontorio, 2001. Running and Socially and Economically
4. Chia-Pin (Simon) Yu, H. Charles C, Shu Tc, “Measuring residents’ attitudes toward sustainable tourism: A reexamination of the sustainable tourism attitude scale”, Journal of Travel Research, Vol. 50, No. 1, pp. 57-63, 2011.
5. Choi, H.C., Sirakaya, E., “Measuring residents’ attitude toward sustainable tourism: development of sustainable tourism attitude scale”, Journal of Travel Research, Vol. 43, No. 4, pp. 380-394, 2005.
6. De Bosscher, V., De Knop, P., Heyndels, B., “Comparing Tennis Success Among Countries”, International Sports Studies, Vol. 25, No. 1, pp. 49-68, 2003.
7. De Kruıjf H.A., Van Vuuren D.P., “Following sustainable
8. development in relation to the north-south dialogue: ecosystem health and sustainability indicators”, Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, Vol. 40, No. 1-2 , pp. 4-14, 1998.

9. Ding, P., Pigram, J., “Environmental audits: An emerging concept in sustainable tourism development”, Journal of Tourism Studies, Vol. 6, No. 2, pp. 2-10, 1995.
10. European Court of Human Rights Brighton Declaration, “High Level Conference on the Future of the European Court of Human Rights Brighton Declaration”. available at: http://hub.coe.int/20120419-brighton-declaration (accessed 01 September 2014), 1994.
11. Field, A., Discovering Statistics using SPSS (second Edition) Sage Publications, London, 2005.
12. Frias C.M., Dixon R.A., “Confirmatory factor structure and measurement ınvariance of the memory compensation Assessment, Vol. 17, No. 2, pp. 168-178, 2005.
13. Fyall, A., Jago, L., “Sustainability in sport and tourism”, Journal of Sport and Tourism, Vol. 14, No. 2-3, pp. 77- 81.
14. Fullan, M. , Leadership and Sustainability: System Thinkers in Action, Corwin Press, Thousand Oaks, Toronto, 2009.
15. Girginov, V., Hills, L., “The political process of constructing a sustainable London Olympics sports development legacy”, International Journal of Sport Policy, Vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 161-181, 2009.
16. Goodland, R. , The environmental sustainability, Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, Vol. 26, pp. 1-24, 1995.
17. Gulwadi, G.B., “Using reflective journals in a sustainable design studio”, International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education, Vol. 10, No. 2, pp. 96‐106, 2009.
18. Harrington, D., Confirmatory Factor Analysis. Oxford University Press, New York, NY, 2009.
19. Heck, D., “Institutionalizing sustainability: the case of sustainability at Griffith Oniversity Australia”, Applied Environmental Education and Communication, Vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 55–64, 2005.
20. Huntzinger, D.N., Hutchins, M.J., Gierke, J.S. and Sutherland, J.W., “Enabling sustainable thinking in undergraduate engineering education”, International Journal of Engineering Education, Vol. 23, No. 2, pp. 218‐230, 2007.
21. IAPESGW-International Association of Physical Education and Sport for Girls and Women, “Accept and Respect http://www.iapesgw.org.uk/images/docs/english%20de claration%202008.pdf (accessed 04 September 2014), 2008. available at
22. IOC-International Olympic Comittee, Sustainability Through Sport, Implementing the Olympic Movement’s Agenda 21, 2012, Retrieved October 1 2015 from http://www.olympic.org/documents/commissions_pdffil es/sportandenvironment/sustainability_through_sport.p df
23. Kelly, KD., Caputo, T., Jamieson, W., “Reconsidering sustainability: some implications for community-based crime prevention” Critical Social Policy, Vol 25, No. 3, pp. 306-324, 2005.
24. Koçak, F. Tuncel S., Tuncel, F., “Determining the
25. Dimensions of Sustainability in Sport”, SPORMETRE Journal of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Vol. 11, No. 2, pp. 113-129, 2013. [In Turkish with English Abstract]
26. Lamberton, G., “Sustainable sufficiency: An internally consistent version of sustainability”, Sustainable Development, Vol. 13, No. 1, pp. 53–68, 2005.
27. Lindsey, I., “Conceptualising sustainability in sports
28. development”, Leisure Studies, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp. 279- 294, 2008.
29. Mallen, C., Stevens, J., Adams, L., “A content analysis of environmental sustainability research in sport management literature”, Journal of Sport Management, Vol. 25, No: 3, pp. 240-256, 2011.
30. Mallen, C., Stevens, J., Adams, L., Mcroberts, S., “The assessment of the environmental performance of an international multi-sport event”, European Sport Management Quarterly, Vol. 10, No. 1, pp. 97-122, 2010a.
31. Mallen, C., Adams, L., Stevens, J., Thompson, L., sustainability “Environmental
32. management: A delphi study”, European Sport
33. Management Quarterly, Vol. 10, No. 3, pp. 367-389, 2010b. in sport facility
34. Marsh H.W., Balla J., Goodness of fit in confirmatory factor analysis: The effects of sample size and model parsimony. Quality and Quantity: International Journal of Methodology, Vol. 28, No. 2, pp. 185-217, 1992. Öztürk, F., (1998). Toplumsal Boyutlarıyla Spor, Bağırgan Yayımevi, Ankara, 1998. [In Turkish]
35. Probert, A., Crespo, M., “Sociology of tennis: research on socialisation, participation and retirement of tennis players”, ITF Coaching and Sport Science Review, Vol. 65, No. 23, pp. 19-20, 2015.
36. Tainter, J.A., “Framework for sustainability”, World Futures, Vol. 59, No. 2-3, pp. 213–223, 2003.
37. Rees, W., “A Role for environmental assessment in achieving sustainable development,” Enviromental Impact Assessment, Vol. 8, No. 4, pp. 273-291, 1988.
38. Reis A.C., Higham J.E.S., “Recreation conflict and sport hunting: moving beyond goal interference towards social sustainability”, Journal of Sport and Tourism, Vol. 14, No. 2-3, pp. 83-107, 2009.
39. Smith, A., “Theorising the relationship between major sport events and social sustainability”, Journal of Sport and Tourism, Vol. 14, No. 2-3, pp. 109-120, 2009.
40. Shediac-Rizkallah, M.C., Bone, L.R., “Planning for the sustainability of community-based health programmes: Conceptual frameworks and future directions for research, practice and policy”, Health Education Research, Vol. 13, No. 1, pp. 87-108, 1998.
41. Steptoe, A., Butler, N., “Sports participation and
42. emotional wellbeing in adolescents”, Lancet, Vol. 29, No. 347(9018), pp.1789-92.
43. Swerissen, H., Crisp, B.R., “The sustainability of health promotion interventions for different levels of social organization”, Health Promotion International, Vol. 19, No. 1, pp. 123-130, 2004.
44. UDHR, ”The Universal Declaration of Human Rights”, available at: http://www.un.org/en/rights/index.shtml (accessed 18 August 2014), 1948.
45. United Nations, “UN Convention on the Rights of the Child”, http://www.unicef.org.uk/Documents/Publication- pdfs/betterlifeleaflet2012_press.pdf (accessed 14 August 2014), 1989. available at
46. WCED, “Report of the World Commission on
47. Environment and Development: Our Common Future”, available common-future.pdf (accessed 16 August 2014), 1987.
48. Wilson, M. , Corporate sustainability: What is it and where does it come from?”,Ivey Business Journal, Vol. 67, No. 6, pp. 1-5, 2003.
49. Videira, N., Correia A., Alves, I., Ramires C., Subtil R., Martins V., “Environmental and economic tools to support sustainable golf tourism: The Algarve experience, Portugal”, Tourism and Hospitality Research, Vol. 6, No. 3, pp. 204-217, 2006.