ZIHINSEL ENGELLI ÇOCUKLARDA DÜZENLI OLARAK YAPILAN BEDEN EĞITIMI VE SPOR AKTIVITELERININ YAŞAM KALITESINE ETKISININ INCELENMESİ

Öz

Bu araştırmanın amacı, zihinsel engelli çocuklarda düzenli olarak yapılan beden eğitimi ve spor aktivitelerinin yaşam kalitesine etkisini incelemektir. Araştırma grubu , “mental retardation” tanısı alan WISC-R testi sonuçlarına göre zekâ bölümleri 50–70 8-12 yaş aralığında olan 145 çocuktur. Araştırma, öntest-sontest kontrol gruplu deneme modelinde desenlenmiştir. Araştırmaya katılan çocuklar iki gruba ayrılmıştır. Uygulama grubu n=88 38 kız, 50 erkek , kontrol grubu ise n=57 26 kız, 31 erkek çocuktan oluşturulmuştur. Uygulama grubuna haftada 2 gün, birer saat, içerik olarak; ısınma hareketleri, işlevsel egzersizler bireysel, eşli, grup stafet, istasyon parkurları ve sportif oyunlar eşli, yardımlaşmalı, grup yarışmaları ve kurallı oyunlar bölümlerinden oluşan özel beden eğitimi programı uygulanmıştır. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak “Çocuklar İçin Yaşam Kalitesi Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Uygulama programının başlangıcında ve sonunda çocukların annelerinden toplanan veriler gruplar bazında karşılaştırılmıştır. Verileri analizinde bağımlı ve bağımsız t testlerine başvurulmuştur.Sonuç olarak uygulama grubunda yer alan ve düzenli beden eğitimi ve spor etkinliklerine katılan çocukların yaşam kalitesi genel skorlarında ve tüm alt boyutlarda kontrol grubuna göre artan bir fark olduğu bulunmuştur. Fakat gruplararası fark anlamlı değildir P≥0.05 . Uygulama grubunun program sonrasında “Fiziksel Sağlık” alt boyutunda, program öncesindeki düzeyine göre anlamlı şekilde P≤0.05 bir artış olduğu bulunmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

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THE EFFECT OF SPECIAL PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND SPORTS PROGRAM ON THE QUALITY OF LIFE OF THE CHILDREN WITH MENTAL RETARDATION

Öz

The aim of the present research was to assess the effect of special physical educationand sports activities done regularly on the quality of life of the children with mental retardation.The research group was consisted of 145 children aged between 8 and 12 whose diagnosiswere “mental retardation” according to the results of WISC-R tests and IQ between 50 and70 . The research was designed in pretest-posttest model with control group. The practicegroup was consisted of 88 children 38 girls, 50 boys while control group was composed of57 children 26 girls, 31 boys . As the contents; a special physical education programconsisting of warm-up exercises, functional exercises individual, paired, group staffed,station-race courses and sports games paired, types of helping each other, groupcompetitions and games with rules was applied to the practice group for 2 days a week and 1hour each day. Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory PedsQL was used as a data collectinginstrument. The data collected at the beginning and at the end of the practice program asgroup based with the evaluations of the mothers of the children were compared. Independentsample t test was used for the independent comparisons while “paired sample t test” wasused for the dependent comparisons.As a result, it was found out that -compared to the control group- there was anincreased difference in the general scores and scores of the all subscales of the quality of lifeof the children who were in the practice group and did physical education and sports activitiesregularly. However, the difference between the groups was not significant P>0.05 . “PhysicalHealth” subscale of the practice group increased significantly after the program compared tobefore-program period P

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Mental retardation,quality of life,physical education and sports

Kaynakça

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