TÜRKİYEDE Kİ FUTBOLCULARIN LİG DÜZEYLERİNE GÖRE SPORTİF KENDİNE GÜVEN VE ÖZ YETERLİK İNANÇLARININ KARŞILAŞIRILMASI

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, süper lig N=48 ve ikinci lig de oynayan N=53 futbolcuların sportif kendine güven ve öz yeterlik inançlarını incelemektir. Sporculara Sürekli Sportif Kendine Güven TSCI , Durumluk Sportif Kendine Güven SSCI ve Öz Yeterlik SES ölçekleri uygulanmıştır. Süper lig oyuncularının verilerine yapılan korelasyon analizi sonucu, durumluk sportif kendine güven ve öz yeterlik düzeyleri r =.492 , sürekli sportif kendine güven ve öz yeterlik düzeyleri r =.493 ve durumluk sportif kendine güven ile sürekli sportif kendine güven düzeyleri r = .766 arasında anlamlı pozitif bir ilişki göstermiştir. Ayrıca ikinci lig oyuncularının durumluk sportif kendine güven ve öz yeterlik düzeyleri r = .227 arasında anlamsız bir korelasyon, sürekli sportif kendine güven ve öz yeterlik düzeyleri r = .271 ve durumluk sportif kendine güven ve öz yeterlik düzeyleri r = .787 arasında ise anlamlı pozitif bir ilişki göstermiştir. Çok yönlü varyans analiz sonuçlarına gore, super lig ve ikinci lig oyuncularının öz yeterlik inançları arasında anlmı bir fark vardır F 1,99 = 7.188, p = .009 . Doğrulayıcı regresyon analizi sonucu, hem super lig hem de ikinci lig oyuncularında, sürekli sportif kendine güven düzeyi durumluk sportif kendine güven düzeyi ve öz yeterlik inancı için için önemli bir belrileyici olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Sonuç olarak, super lig ve ikinci lig oyunucuları benzer sportif kendine güven düzeylerine sahip iken öz yeterlik inanmçları açaısından ayrılmaktadırlar.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Futbol,Durumluk sportif kendine güven,Sürekli sportif kendine güven,Öz yeterlik,Süper lig

A COMPARISON OF FOOTBALL PLAYERS’ SPORT CONFIDENCE AND SELF-EFFICACY BELIEFS ACCORDING TO THEİR LEAGUE LEVEL IN TURKEY

Öz

The purpose of the present study was to examine the sport confidence and self-efficacy beliefs in footballplayers participating in either super league N = 48 or second league N = 53 . Athletes completed the TraitSport Confidence Inventory TSCI , State Sport Confidence Invetory SSCI , and Self-Efficacy Scale SES .Pearson Moment Correlation results indicated a positive significant relationship between State SportConfidence and Self-Efficacy levels r = .492 , Trait Sport Confidence and Self-Efficacty levels r = .493 andState Sport Confidence and Trait Sport Confidence levels r = .766 of the Super League players. Resultsalso revealed a non-significant relationship between State Sport Confidence and Self-Efficacy levels r =.227 and a postive significant relationship was found between Trait Sport Confidence and Self-Efficactylevels r = .271 and State Sport Confidence and Trait Sport Confidence levels r = .787 of the SecondLeague players. Multivariate analysis of variance MANOVA analyses revealed significant differencesbetween the Super League and Second League players’ self-efficacy beliefs F 1,99 = 7.188, p = .009 . Thelinear regression results revealed that for both the Super League and Second League players, trait sportconfidence predicted state sport-confidence and self-efficacy. Finally, it was revealed that the super leagueand second league football players were similar with regard to sport confidence, whereas, they had differentself-efficacy beliefs

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Football, State Sport Confidence, Trait Sport Confidence, Self-Efficacy, Super League.

Kaynakça

1. Bandura, A.. Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying Theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review, 84, 191-215, Bandura, A. Self-efficacy mechanism in human agency. American Psychologist, 37, 122-147, 1982.
2. Bandura, A. Recycling Misconceptions of Perceived Self Efficacy. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 8(3), 231– , 1984.
3. Bandura, A. Perceived self-efficacy in the exercise of personal agency. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 2, 163, 1990.
4. Bandura, A. Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York: Freeman. s.79, 1997.
5. Beauchamp, M.R., Bray, S.R., & Albinson, J.G. Pre- completion imagery, self-efficacy, and performance in collegiate golfers. Journal of Sports Sciences, 20, 697-699, Bull, S. J., Shambrook, C. J., James, W., & Brooks, J. E. Towards an understanding of mental toughness in elite English cricketers. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, , 209–227. 2005
6. Burton, D. Do anxious swimmers swim slower? Re- examining the elusive anxiety performance relationship. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 10, 45–61, 1988.
7. Engür, M., Tok., S., Tatar, A., Durumluluk ve Sürekli Sportif Güven Envanterlerinin Türkçeye Uyarlanması (Adaptation of State and Trait Sport Confidence Scales). 9. Uluslararası Spor Bilimleri Kongresi. Bildiri Kitabı, P–331, Muğla, 3–5 Kasım, 2006.
8. Escarti, A. & Guzman, J.F. Effects of feedback on self- efficacy, performance, and choice in an athletic task. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 11(1), 83-96, 1999.

9. Feltz, D.. Self-confidence and sport performance. Exercise and Sport Science Reviews, 16, 423-457, 1988.
10. Feltz, D.L. Self-Confidence and Sport Performance. In D. Smith & Bar-Eli M. (Ed.). Essential Readings in sport and exercise psychology. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics. p. 278-294, 2007.
11. Feltz, D. L., & Mugno, D. A. A replication of the path analysis of the causal elements in Bandura's theory of self- efficacy and the influence of autonomic perception. Journal of Sport Psychology, 5, 263-277, 1983.
12. Gould, D. & Weiss M.R. The effects of model similarity and model talk on self- efficacy and muscular endurance. Journal of Sport Psychology, 3, 17-29, 1981. Gould, D., Petlichkoff, L. and Weinberg, R.S.
13. Antecedents of, temporal changes in, and relationships between CSAI-2 subcomponents. Psychology, 6, 289–304, 1984. Journal of Sport
14. Gould, D., Petlichkoff, L., Simons, J. and Vevera, M. Relationship between Competitive State Anxiety Inventory- subscale scores and pistol shooting performance. Journal of Sport Psychology, 9, 33–42, 1987.
15. Hardy, L., Woodman, T., & Carrington, S. Is self- confidence a bias factor in higher-order catastrophe models? An exploratory analysis. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 26 (3), 359-368, 2004.
16. Jones, J. G., Swain, A. B. J., & Hardy, L. Intensity and direction dimensions of competitive state anxiety and relationships with performance. Journal of Sports Sciences, , 525–532, 1993.
17. Manzo, L.G., Mondin, W.G., Clark, B. & Schneider, T. Confidence. In J. Taylor & G. Wilson (Ed.). Applying Sport Psychology Four Perspectives Kinetics p. 21-33, 2005. Champaign, IL: Human
18. Martens, R. Coaches guide to sport psychology. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, p.161-176, 1987.
19. Martens, R., Burton, D., Vealey, R.S., Bump, L.A., & Smith, D.E. Development and validation of the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2. In R. Martens, R.S. Vealey, & D. Burton (Eds.), Competitive anxiety in sport Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics. pp. 117-190, 1990.
20. Martin J.J & Gill, D.L. The Relationships Among Competitive Orientation, Sport-Confidence, Self-Efficacy, Anxiety and Performance. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 13, 149-159, 1991.
21. Maynard, I.W. and Cotton, P.C. An investigation of two stress-management techniques in a field setting. The Sport Psychologist, 7, 375–387,1993.
22. McAuley, E. Modelling and self-efficacy: A test of Bandura’s model. Journal of Sport Psychology, 7, 283– ,1985.
23. Miller, M. Efficacy strength and performance in competitive swimmers of different skill levels. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 24(3), 284-296, 1993.
24. Miller, J. T., & McAuley, E. Effects of goal-setting training program on basketball free-throw self-efficacy and performance. Sport Psychologist, 1(2), 103-1 13,1987.
25. Öcel, H. The Role of self efficacy collective efficacy beliefs and cohesiveness in predicting players evaluations of their teams past present performance and future performance expentancies. Unpublished Thesis, Ankara, Riggs, M.L., J. Warka., B.Babasa., R. Betancour., S. Hooker Development and Validation of Self-Efficacy and Outcome Expectancy Scales for Job-Related Applications. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 54, 793– , 1994.
26. Vealey, R.S. Coceptualization of Sport Confidence and Competitive Orientation: Preliminary Investigation and Instrument Development. Journal of Sport Psychology, 8, –246,1986. Vealey, R. Sport-confidence orientation: An addendum on scoring procedures and gender differences. Psychology, 10, 471-478,1988. and competitive Journal of Sport & Exercise
27. Weinberg, R. S., Gould, D., Yukelson, D., & Jackson, A. The effect of preexisting and manipulated self-efficacy on competitive muscular endurance task. Journal of Sport Psychology, 4, 345-354, 1981.
28. Weiss, M. R., Wiese, D. M., & Klint, K. A. Head over heels with success: The relationship between self-efficacy and performance in competitive youth gymnastics. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 11, 444-451, 1989.
29. Williams, J.M. and Krane, V. Coping styles and self- reported measures on state anxiety and self-confidence. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 4, 134–143, 1992.
30. Woodman T. & Hardy, L.The relative impact of cognitive anxiety and self-confidence upon sport performance: a meta-analysis. Journal of Sport Sciences, 21 (6), 443-457