PREDICTORS OF JOB SATISFACTION OF THE PERSONNEL WORKING IN TURKISH SPORTS MEDIA

Öz

The purpose of this study was to determine the job satisfaction level of personnel working in sportsmedia and to determine the predictive values of demographic variables {Media Segment, Position, Inservice Education, Experience Master, Intern, & Assistant , Education level, Job Selection Condition,Turnover Non, Moderate,& High , Age Young Adulthood, Middle, & Late Adulthood on their intrinsic,extrinsic and overall job satisfaction levels.The sample of the research was composed of 144 media workers from 7 national broadcast and 9national print media organizations. Minnesota Job Satisfaction Questionnaire short-form; Weiss, et al.,1967 were used as data collection instrument. In the statistical analysis of the study descriptive statisticsand hierarchical regression analysis was conducted to the data.According to the results, Model 1 Media Segment and Position ; Model 2 Media Segment, Position,In-service Education, Experience Dummy I Master vs. Intern , Experience Dummy II Master vs.Assistant ; Model 3 Media Segment, Position, In-service Education, Experience Dummy I Master vs.Intern , Experience Dummy II Master vs. Assistant , Education level, Job Selection Condition weresignificant determinants of intrinsic, extrinsic and overall job satisfaction. On the other hand, the variablesof Model 4 Media Segment, Position, In-service Education, Experience Dummy I Master vs. Intern ,Experience Dummy II Master vs. Assistant , Education level, Job Selection Condition, Turnover Dummy I Non vs. Moderate , Turnover Dummy II Non vs. High , Age Dummy I Middle vs. Young Adulthood , AgeDummy II Middle vs. Late Adulthood did not provide significant value as indicators to predict jobsatisfaction.Result showed that position, in-service education and job selection condition were most prominentpredictors of job satisfaction in sport media. This result provided valuable information for candidateemployees and managers who will be interested in seeking career opportunities media sector

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Job Satisfaction, Sport Media, Personnel.

TÜRK SPOR MEDYASINDA ÇALIŞAN PERSONELİN İŞ DOYUMUNU YORDAYAN FAKTÖRLER

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı; spor medyasında çalışan personelin iş doyum düzeylerini belirlemek ve medya kısımlaması, pozisyon, hizmet içi eğitim, deneyim uzman, stajyer ve asistan , eğitim seviyesi, iş seçim koşulu, iş değişimi hiç, orta ve yüksek , yaş genç yetişkin, orta yetişkin ve ileri yetişkin değişkenlerinin içsel doyum, dışsal doyum ve genel iş doyumunu ne derece yordadıklarını ortaya koymaktır. Araştırmanın örneklemi 7 ulusal televizyon kanalından ve 9 ulusal gazeteden seçilen 144 spor servisi çalışanından oluşmaktadır. Katılımcılara Weis ve diğ. 1967 tarafından geliştirilen Minnesota İş Doyumu Anketinin kısa formu uygulanmıştır. Elde edilen veriler öncelikle tanımlayıcı istatistik ve hiyerarşik regresyon analizi ile çözümlenmiştir. Bulgular, spor medyası çalışanlarını içsel is doyumu, dışsal iş doyumu ve genel iş doyum düzeylerini Model 1[medya kısımlaması, pozisyon], Model 2 [medya kısımlaması, pozisyon, hizmet içi eğitim, deneyim kategorik kodlama I uzman-stajyer , deneyim kategorik kodlama II uzman-asistan ], Model 3 [medya kısımlaması, pozisyon, hizmet içi eğitim, deneyim kategorik kodlama I uzman-stajyer , deneyim kategorik kodlama II uzman-asistan , eğitim seviyesi, iş seçim koşulu] anlamlı düzeyde yordarken, Model 4 [medya kısımlaması, pozisyon, hizmet içi eğitim, deneyim kategorik kodlama I uzman-stajyer , deneyim kategorik kodlama II uzman-asistan , eğitim seviyesi, iş seçim koşulu, iş değişimi kategorik kodlama I hiç-orta , iş değişimi kategorik kodlama II hiç-yüksek , yaş kategorik kodlama I orta, genç yetişkin , yaş kategorik kodlama II orta, ileri yetişkin ] ise anlamlı düzeyinde yordamamıştır. Çalışmanın sonuçları, pozisyon, hizmet içi eğitim ve iş seçim koşulları gibi değişkenlerin iş doyumunu yordama düzeyleri açısından öne çıktığını gösterirken aynı zamanda medya alanında kariyer yapmak isteyecek adaylara ve yöneticilere önemli ipuçları vermektedir

Anahtar Kelimeler

• İş Doyumu,Spor Medyası,Personel

Kaynakça

1. 1. Al-Ajmi, R. (2006). The Effect of Gender on Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment in Kuwait. International Journal of Management, 23(4) 838–844.
2. 2. Balzer, W. K., Smith, P.C., Kravitz, D. A., Lovell, S. E., Paul, K. B., Reilly, B. A. & Reilly, C. E. (1990). User’s Manual: Job Descriptive Index (JDI) and Job in General (JIG) Scales, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, KY.
3. 3. Barrick, M. R., & Mount, M. K. (1991). The Big Five Personality Dimensions and Job Performance: A Meta-Analysis. Personnel Psychology, 44, 1–26.
4. 4. Belfield, C. R., & Harris, R. D. F. (2002). How Well Do Theories of Job Matching Explain Variations in Job Satisfaction Across Education Levels? Evidence for UK Graduates. Applied Economics, 34(5) 535–548.
5. 5. Cable, D. M., & DeRue, D. S. (2002). The Convergent and Discriminant Validity of Subjective Fit Perceptions. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87, 875–884.
6. 6. Can, Y., Soyer, F., & Yılmaz, F. (2010). Examining the Relationship between the Levels of Professional Burnout and Job Satiety of Handball Referees. Selçuk University Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science, 12 (2), 113–119.
7. 7. Cavill, N. & Bauman, A (2004). Changing the Way People Think About Health-Enhancing Physical Activity: Do Mass Media Campaigns Have a Role? Sports Science, 22 (8)771–790.
8. 8. Chelladurai, P., & Haggerty, T.R. (1991). Measures of Organizational Effectiveness of Canadian National Sport Organizations. Canadian Journal of Sport Sciences, 16(2), 126–133.

9. 9. Clark, A. E. & Oswald, A. J. (1996). Satisfaction and Comparison Income. Journal of Public Economics, 61, 359–81. 10. Clark, A. E. (1996). Job Satisfaction in Britain. British Journal of Industrial Relations, 34, 189–217.
10. 11. Connolly, J., & Viswesvaran, C. (2000). The Role of Affectivity in Job Satisfaction: A Meta-Analysis. Personality and Individual Differences, 29, 265–281.
11. 12. Coomber, B., & Barriball, K. L. (2007). Impact of Job Satisfaction Components on Intent to Leave and Turnover for Hospital-Based Nurses: A Review of the Research Literature. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 44, 297–314.
12. 13. Cranny, C. J., Smith, P. C. & Stone, E., F. (1992). Job Satisfaction: How People Feel about their Jobs and How It Affects Their Performance. New York: Macmillan.
13. 14. Dixon, M.A., & Sagas, M. (2007). The Relationship between Organizational Support, Work-Family Conflict, and the Job-Life Satisfaction of University Coaches. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 78(3), 236–247.
14. 15. Dolaşır, S., & Dolaşır, S. (2006). Job Satisfaction of Instructors Working in Ankara University School of Physical Education and Sport. Spormetre, 4(3) 103– 109.
15. 16. Flora, J. (2000). The Stanford Community Studies: Campaigns to Reduce Cardiovascular Disease. In R. Rice & C. Atkin (Eds.), Public Communication Campaigns.193–214. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
16. 17. Furnham, A., Petrides, K. V., Jackson C. J., & Cotter, T. (2002). Do Personality Factors Predict Job Satisfaction? Personality and Individual Differences, 33, 1325–1342.
17. 18. Hardin, M., & Shain, S. (2005). Female Sports Journalists: Are We There Yet? “No”. Newspaper Research Journal, 26(4), 22–35.
18. 19. Heywood, J., S. & Wei, X. (2006). Performance Pays and Job Satisfaction. Journal of Industrial Relations, 48(4), 523–540.
19. 20. Hochwarter, W. A., Perrewe, P. L., Ferris, G. R., & Brymer, R., A. (1999). Job Satisfaction and Performance: The Moderating Effects of Value Attainment and Affective Disposition. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 54, 296–313.
20. 21. Hodson, R. (1989). Gender Differences in Job Satisfaction. Sociological Quarterly, 30 (3), 385–399. 22. Jaccard, J., & Wan, C. K. (1996). LISREL Approach to Interaction Effects in Multiple Regressions. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publication.
21. 23. Janssen, O. (2001). Fairness Perceptions as a Moderator in the Curvilinear Relationships between Job Demands, and Job Performance and Job Satisfaction. Academy of Management Journal, 44, 1039–1050.
22. 24. Johnson, J. W. (2001). The relative importance of task and contextual performance dimensions to supervisor judgments of overall performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86, 984-996.
23. 25. Karlı, Ü., & Koçak, S. (2004). Job Satisfaction Levels of the Personnel among the Selected Private Health and Fitness Centers in Turkey. Hacettepe Journal of Sport Sciences, 15(3), 125–136.
24. 26. Kim, W.G, Leong, J.K. & Lee, Y.K. (2005). Effect of service orientation on job satisfaction organizational commitment, and intention of leaving in a casual dining chain restaurant. Hospitality Management, 24(2), 171–193.
25. 27. Koustelios, A, Theodorakis, N., & Goulimaris, D. (2004). Role Ambiguity, Role Conflict and Job Satisfaction Among Physical Education Teachers in Greece. International Journal of Educational Management, 18(2), 87–92.
26. 28. Koustelios, A., & Tsigilis, N. (2005). The Relationship between Burnout and Job Satisfaction Among Physical Education Teachers: A Multivariate Approach. European Physical Education Review, 11(2), 189–203.
27. 29. Lambert, E. G., Hogan N, L., & Barton, S. M. (2001). The Impact of Job Satisfaction on Turnover Intent: A Test of a Structural Measurement Model Using A National Sample of Workers. The Social Science Journal, 38, 233-250.
28. 30. Lauver, K. J., Brown A. K. (2001). Distinguishing between employees’ perceptions of person–job and person–organization fit. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 59, 454–470.
29. 31. Lee, Y.K., Park, D.H. & Yoo, D. (1999). The structural relationships between service orientation, mediators, and business performance in Korea hotel firms. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 4 (1) 59–70.
30. 32. Li, M. (1993). Job Satisfaction and Performance of Coaches of the Spare-Time Sports Schools in China. Journal of Sport Management, 7, 132-140.
31. 33. Locke, E. A. (1969). What is Job Satisfaction? Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 4, 309–36.
32. 34. MacCallum, R. C., Browne, M. W. & Sugawara, H. M. (1996). Power Analysis and Determination of Sample Size for Covariance Structure Modeling. Psychological Methods, 1, 130–149.
33. 35. McCausland, W. D., Pouliakas, K., & Theodossiou, I. (2005). Some Are Punished and Some Are Rewarded: A Study of the Impact of Performance Pay on Job Satisfaction. International Journal of Manpower, 26 (7/8), 636–659.
34. 36. Mirzelioğlu, N., Doğu, G., & Mirzelioğlu, D. (2003). Analysis of Job Satisfaction Levels of the Administrators at the Central Office of General Directorate of Youth and Sports. İstanbul Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 11(3), 29–34.
35. 37. Mobley, W. (1982). Employee Turnover Causes, Consequences, and Control. Reading, MA: Addison- Wesley.
36. 38. O’Brien, G. E. & Dowling, P. (1981). Age and Job Satisfaction. Australian Psychologist, 16, 49–61.
37. 39. Öcal, K., & Koçak, S. (2010). Adaptation of Minnesota Job Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ) with Sport Media Employees. 11th International Sport Sciences Congress. Abstract Book. 134–136
38. 40. Oran, B. N. (1989). Job Satisfaction of a Group of Academic Staff in Marmara University. Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation. Marmara University, Istanbul.
39. 41. Pedersen, P. M., Miloch, K. S., & Laucella, P. C. (2007). Strategic sport communication, US. Human Kinetics.
40. 42. Ramazanoğlu, F. (2006). Job Satisfaction of Personnel of Youth and Sports Province Organization. Fırat University Journal of Social Science, 16(2), 291– 299.
41. 43. Rambur, B., McIntosh, B., Palumbo, M. V., & Reinier, K. (2005). Education as a Determinant of Career Retention and Job Satisfaction Among Registered Nurses. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 37(2), 185– 192.
42. 44. Reinardy, S. (2007). Satisfaction vs. Sacrifice: Sports Editors Assess the Influences of Life Issues on Job Satisfaction. Journalism & Mass Communication, 84(1), 105–121.
43. 45. Saks, A. M., & Ashforth, B. E. (2002). Is Job Search Related to Employment Quality? It all Depends on Fit. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87, 646–654.
44. 46. Sarker, S. J., Crossman, A., & Chinmeteepituck, P. (2003). The Relationships of Age and Length of Service with Job Satisfaction: An Examination of Hotel Employees in Thailand. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 18 (7), 745–758.
45. 47. Savucu, Y., Zirek, O., Devecioğlu, S., & Çınar, V. (2008). Investigating the Job Satisfaction Levels of Basketball Referees. e-Journal of New World Sciences Academy, 3(4), 168–176.
46. 48. Schell, L. A., & Rodriguez, S. (2000). Our Sporting Sisters: How Male Hegemony Stratifies Women in Sport. Women in Sport and Physical Activity Journal, 9(1), 15–34.
47. 49. Sloane, P. J., & Williams, H. (2000). Job Satisfaction, Comparison Earnings and Gender. Labour, 14, 473– 502.
48. 50. Smucker, M.K., Whisenant, W.A., & Pederson, P.M. (2003). An Investigation of Job Satisfaction and Female Sports Journalists. Sex Roles, 49, (7/8), 401– 407.
49. 51. Sousa-Poza, A., & Sousa-Poza, A. (2000). Taking Another Look at the Gender/Job Satisfaction Paradox, Kyklos, 53, 135-52.
50. 52. Taris R. & Feij F.A. (2001). Longitudinal Examination of the Relationship between Supplies-Values Fit and Work Outcomes. Applied Psychology, 50 (1), 52–81. 53. Ulucan, H., Erol, A.E., Bektaş, F., &Yılmaz, İ. (2011). Investigation of the Job Satisfaction Levels of the Trainers Working at the Infrastructures of Professional Football Clubs in Turkey. Selçuk University Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science, 13(2), 226– 232.
51. 54. Weiss, D. J. R., Davis, R. V., England, G.E., & Lofquist, L. H. (1967). Manual for the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire. Minnesota Studies in Vocational Rehabilitation 22 (Work Adjustment Project Industrial Relations Center University of Minnesota).
52. 55. Yaman, Ç. (2009). Job Satisfaction Levels of Formative Physical Education Teachers. Uluslararası İnsan Bilimleri Dergisi, 6 (1), 683–711.
53. 56. Yerlisu, T., & Çelenk, B. (2008). Determination of Job Satisfaction Level of Volleyball Trainers Coaching League Teams. Spormetre Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 6(2), 87–93.