FUTBOLCULARDA BCAA VE KREATİN ALIMININ VÜCUT KOMPOZİSYONU ÜZERİNE ETKİSİ

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 3, 274 - 285, 25.12.2019

Ahmet Mor , Gökhan İpekoğlu , Kadir Baynaz Cansel Arslanoğlu , Kürşat Acar , Erkal Arslanoğlu

Öz

Bu çalışmada, futbolcularda dallı zincirli amino asitler (BCAA) ve kreatin (KR) suplementasyonunun vücut kompozisyonu üzerine etkisinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu çalışmaya, yaşları 18-26 arasında olan, antrenmanlı 24 gönüllü erkek futbolcu katılmıştır. Futbolcular deney; BCAA (n=8) – KR (n=8) ve plasebo; (PLA) (n=8) grupları olmak üzere rastgele üç gruba ayrılmıştır. Deney gruplarına araştırmacı gözetiminde günlük kullanım şekli ve dozajı uygun olarak 7 gün boyunca 5000 mg BCAA ve 2000 mg kreatin suplemantasyonu yapılmıştır. Araştırmada, plasebo grubuna ise verilen besin desteğine eşit miktarda ve şekilde buğday kepeği verilmiştir. Çalışma tek kör uygulama olarak yapılmıştır. Analizler ön test-son test yöntemi kullanılarak deneklerin günlük yaşantı, beslenme ve antrenman programları bozulmadan 7 gün ara ile eşit fiziki şartlarda yapılmıştır. Vücut ağırlığı ve iskelet kası ağırlığı verilerine bakıldığında üç grupta da istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık bulunamamıştır (p>0,05). Vücut yağ kütlesi ve yüzdesi değerlerinde hiçbir grupta anlamlı farklılık yoktur (p>0,05). Toplam vücut suyu, beden kitle indeksi (BKİ) ve metabolizma hızı parametreleri incelendiğinde gruplarda istatistiksel anlamlılık tespit edilmemiştir (p>0,05). Protein ve mineral seviyelerinde istatistiksel fark mevcut değildir (p>0,05). Tüm verilerin gruplararası karşılaştırmalarına bakıldığında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir farklılık bulunamamıştır (p>0,05). Futbolcularda beslenme stratejilerine bağlı olarak besin takviyesi kullanımı incelenmiştir. Bu doğrultuda, BCAA ve kreatin tüketiminin; sporcu sağlığı ile birlikte üst düzey sportif performans gösterebilmenin olmazsa olmazlardan biri olan ideal bir vücut kompozisyonu üzerine etkisine rastlanılmamıştır. Her ne kadar bazı parametrelerde olumlu veya olumsuz değişimler tespit edilmiş olsada, bu sonuçlarda anlamlı farklılıklar ortaya çıkmamıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Sporda Beslenme, Beslenme Sağlığı, Besin Takviyeleri, BCCA, Kreatin, Vücut Kompozisyonu, Futbol

Kaynakça

• Köklü Y., Özkan A., Alemdaroğlu U., Ersöz G. (2009). Genç futbolcuların bazı fiziksel uygunluk ve somatotip özelliklerinin oynadıkları mevkilere göre karşılaştırılması. Spormetre Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi. 7(2), 61-68.
• Kürkçü R., Hazar F., Özdağ S. (2009). Futbolcuların vücut kompozisyonu, vücut bileşenleri ve somatotip özellikleri üzerine bir inceleme. Niğde Üniversitesi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi. 3(2), 113-119.
• Silvestre R., West C., Maresh CM., Kraemer WJ. (2006). Body composition and physical performance in men’s soccer: a study of a national collegiate athletic association division i team. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 20(1), 177-183.
• Carling C., Orhant E. (2010). Variation in body composition in professional soccer players: interseasonal and intraseasonal changes and the effects of exposure time and player position. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 24(5), 1332-1339.
• Milanese C., Cavedon V., Corradini G., De Vita F., Zancanaro C. (2015). Seasonal dxa-measured body composition changes in professional male soccer players. Journal of Sports Sciences. 33(12), 1219-1228.
• Al-Jaser TA., Hasan AA. (2006). Fluid loss and body composition of elite kuwaiti soccer players during a soccer match. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness. 46(2), 281-285.
• Kilding AE., Tunstall H., Kuzmic D. (2008). Suitability of fifa’s “the 11” training programme for young football players-impact on physical performance. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine. 7(3), 320-326.
• Sutton L., Scott M., Wallace J., Reilly T. (2009). Body composition of english premier league soccer players: influence of playing position, international status, and ethnicity. Journal of Sports Sciences. 27(10), 1019-1026.
• Milsom J., Naughton R., O'Boyle A., Iqbal Z., Morgans R., Drust B., Morton JP. (2015). Body composition assessment of english premier league soccer players: A comparative dxa analysis of first team, u21 and u18 squads. Journal of Sports Sciences. 33(17), 1799-1806.
• Mor A., İpekoǧlu G., Arslanoǧlu E., Arslanoǧlu C., Acar K. (2018). The acute effects of combined supplementation of beta-alanine, carbohydrate and whey protein on biochemical parameters of athletes after exhaustive exercise. Progress in Nutrition. 20(3), 329-337.
• Manore MM., Barr SI., Butterfield GE. (2000). Nutrition and athletic performance. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 32(12), 2130–2145.
• Mor A., Baynaz K., İpekoglu G., Arslanoglu C., Acar K., Cakır Hİ., Arslanoglu E. (2018). Effect of l-carnitine supplementation on weight loss and body composition of taekwondo players. Journal of Sports Education. Special Issue. 1, 01-08.
• Rico-Sanz J. (1998). Body composition and nutritional assessments in soccer. International Journal of Sport Nutrition. 8(2), 113-123.
• Dudgeon WD., Kelley EP., Scheett TP. (2016). In a single-blind, matched group design: branched-chain amino acid supplementation and resistance training maintains lean body mass during a caloric restricted diet. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition. 13(1), 1-10.
• Platt KM., Charnigo RJ., Shertzer HG., Pearson KJ. (2016). Branched-chain amino acid supplementation in combination with voluntary running improves body composition in female c57bl/6 mice. Journal Dietary Supplements. 13(5), 473-486.
• Shimomura Y., Murakami T., Nakai N., Nagasaki M., Harris RA. (2004). Exercise promotes bcaa catabolism: effect of bcaa supplementation on skeletal muscle during exercise. The Journal of Nutrition. 134(6), 1583-1587.
• Howatson G., Hoad M., Goodall S., Tallent J., Bell PG., French DN. (2012). Exercise-induced muscle damage is reduced in resistance trained males by branched chain amino acids: a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled study. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition. 9(20), 1-7.
• Ra SG., Miyazaki T., Ishikura K., Nagayama H., Komine S., Nakata Y., Maeda S., Matsuzaki Y., Ohmori H. (2013). Combined effect of branched-chain amino acids and taurine supplementation on delayed onset muscle soreness and muscle damage in high intensity eccentric exercise. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition. 10(51), 1-11.
• Lee CL., Lin JC., Cheng CF. (2011). Effect of caffeine ingestion after creatine supplementation on intermittent high-intensity sprint performance. European Journal of Applied Physiology. 111(8), 1669-1677.
• Brudnak MA. (2004). Creatine: are the benefits worth the risk? Toxicol Letters. 150(1), 123-130.
• Hall M., Trojian TH. (2013). Creatine supplementation. Current Sports Medicine Reports. 12(4), 240-244.
• Candow DG., Chilibeck PD., Burke DG., Mueller KD., Lewis JD. (2011). Effect of different frequencies of creatine supplementation on muscle size and strength in young adults. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 25(7), 1831-1838.
• Beck TW., Housh TJ., Johnson GO., Coburn JW., Malek MH., Cramer JT. (2007). Effects of a drink containing creatine, amino acids, and protein combined with ten weeks of resistance training on body composition, strength, and anaerobic performance. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 21(1), 100-104.
• Eckerson JM., Bull AA., Moore GA. (2008). Effect of thirty days of creatine supplementation with phosphate salts on anaerobic working capacity and body weight in man. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 22(3), 826-832.
• Becque MD., Lochmann JD., Melrose DR. (2000). Effects of oral creatine supplementation on muscular strength and body composition. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 32(3), 654-658.
• Lehmkuhl M., Malone M., Justice B., Trone G., Pistilli E., Vinci D., Haff EE., Kilgore JL., Haff GG. (2003). The effects of 8 weeks of creatine monohydrate and glutamine supplementation on body composition and performance measures. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 17(3), 425-438.
• Antonio J., Ciccone V. (2013). The effects of pre versus post workout supplementation of creatine monohydrate on body composition and strength. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition. 10(36), 1-8.
• Sarıoğlu Ö., İmamoğlu O., Atan T., Türkmen M., Akyol P. (2012). Beden eğitimi bölümünde okuyan farklı branşlardaki öğrencilerin beslenme alışkanlıklarının incelenmesi. Türk Spor ve Egzersiz Dergisi. 14(1), 88-94.
• Francaux M., Poortmans JR. (1999). Effects of training and creatine supplement on muscle strength and body mass. European Journal of Applied Physiology. 80(2), 165-168.
• Mendes RR., Pires I., Oliveira A., Tirapegui J. (2004). Effects of creatine supplementation on the performance and body composition of competitive swimmers. The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry. 15(8), 473-478.
• Volek JS., Ratamess NA., Rubin MR., Gomez AL., French DN., McGuigan MM., Scheett TP., Sharman MJ., Hakkinen K., Kraemer WJ. (2004). The effects of creatine supplementation on muscular performance and body composition responses to short-term resistance training overreaching. European Journal of Applied Physiology. 91(5-6), 628-637.
• Powers ME., Arnold BL., Weltman AL., Perrin DH., Mistry D., Kahler DM., Kraemer W., Volek J. (2003). Creatine supplementation increases total body water without altering fluid distribution. Journal of Athletic Training. 38(1), 44-50.
• Donato Jr J., Pedrosa RG., Cruzat VF., Pires ISO., Tirapegui J. (2006). Effects of leucine supplementation on the body composition and protein status of rats submitted to food restriction. Nutrition. 22(5), 520-527.
• Qin LQ., Xun P., Bujnowski D., Daviglus ML., Van Horn L., Stamler J., He K. (2011). Higher branched-chain amino acid intake is associated with a lower prevalence of being overweight or obese in middle-aged east asian and western adults. The Journal of Nutrition. 141(2), 249-254.
• Gualano AB., Bozza T., De Campos PL., Roschel H., Costa ADS., Marquezi ML., Benatti F., Lancha Junior AH. (2011). Branched-Chain amino acids supplementation enhances exercise capacity and lipid oxidation during endurance exercise after muscle glycogen depletion. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness. 51, 82-88.
• Falk DJ., Heelan KA., Thyfault JP., Koch AJ. (2003). Effects of effervescent creatine, ribose, and glutamine supplementation on muscular strength, muscular endurance, and body composition. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 17(4), 810-816. Eliot KA., Knehans AW., Bemben DA., Witten MS., Carter J., Bemben MG. (2008). The Effects of creatine and whey protein supplementation on body composition in men aged 48 to 72 years during resistance training. The Journal of Nutrition Health and Aging. 12(3), 208-212.
• Ormsbee MJ., Rawal SR., Baur DA., Kinsey AW., Elam ML., Spicer MT., Fischer NT., Madzima TA., Thomas DD. (2014). The effects of a multi-ingredient dietary supplement on body composition, adipokines, blood lipids, and metabolic health in overweight and obese men and women: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition. 11(37), 1-10.
• Ormsbee MJ., Mandler WK., Thomas DD., Ward EG., Kinsey AW., Simonavice E., Panton LB., Kim JS. (2012). The effects of six weeks of supplementation with multi-ingredient performance supplements and resistance training on anabolic hormones, body composition, strength, and power in resistance-trained men. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition. 9(49), 1-12. Lowery RP., Joy JM., Dudeck JE., De Souza EO., McCleary SA., Wells S., Wildman R., Wilson JM. (2013). Effects of 8 weeks of xpand® 2x pre workout supplementation on skeletal muscle hypertrophy, lean body mass, and strength in resistance trained males. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition. 10(44), 1-6.