BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

HÜR İRADE KURAMI PERSPEKTİFİNDEN EGZERSİZDE GÜDÜLENME, TEMEL PSİKOLOJİK İHTİYAÇLAR VE PSİKOLOJİK İYİ OLUŞ

Yıl 2016, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 2, 306 - 317, 01.08.2016

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı Hür İrade Kuramı HİK perspektifinden egzersizde güdüsel yönelimler, psikolojik ihtiyaçlar ve psikolojik iyi oluş kavramlarını incelemektir. Düzenli olarak egzersiz yapan üniversite öğrencileri araştırmanın örneklemini oluşturmaktadır nerkek=206; yaş=25.01±5.82 and nkadın=181; yaş=28.38±7.48 . Egzersizde Davranışsal Düzenlemeler Ölçeği EDDÖ-2 , Egzersizde Temel Psikolojik İhtiyaçlar Ölçeği ETPİÖ , Psikolojik İyi Oluş Ölçeği PİOÖ ve Egzersiz Davranışı Değişim Basamakları Anketi EDDBA katılımcılara uygulanmıştır. Araştırmanın bulgularına göre egzersizde güdüsel yönelimler ve psikolojik ihtiyaçlar cinsiyet değişkenine göre farklılık göstermiştir. Buna ek olarak katılımcıların egzersizde güdüsel yönelimleri, temel psikolojik ihtiyaçları ve psikolojik iyi oluş düzeyleri de istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık göstermiştir. Araştırmada ele alınan tüm psikolojik faktörler arasında pozitif yönde anlamlı bir ilişki görülürken, sadece güdülenmeme ile psikolojik iyi oluş arasında negatif yönde anlamlı bir ilişki görülmüştür. Sonuc olarak bulgular, erkeklerin kadınlardan daha fazla içe atım ve dışsal davranışsal düzenlemeler ile egzersize katıldığını ve erkeklerin kadınlardan daha fazla düzeyde yeterlik ihtiyacına sahip olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Bununla beraber katılımcıların egzersizin ileri basamaklarında daha düşük düzeyde dışsal düzenleme ve daha yüksek düzeyde yeterlik, ilişkili olma, özerklik ve psikolojik iyi oluş puanlarına sahip olduğu görülmüştür. Sonuclar egzersize hür iradeli katılım ve üç temel psikolojik ihtiyacin tatmininin egzersizde devamlılığın arttırılmasına faydalı olduğunu göstermektedir. Ayrıca elde edilen bulgulardan üç temel ihtiyacın tatmini ve hür iradeli güdülenmenin psikolojik iyi oluşu olumlu yönde etkilediği söylenebilir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Egzersizde güdülenme, egzersizde temel psikolojik ihtiyaçlar, psikolojik iyi oluş

Kaynakça

  • Annesi J.J., “Relations Of Physical Self-Concept And
  • Self-Efficacy With Frequency Of Voluntary Physical Activity İn Preadolescents: Implications For After- School Care Programming” Journal of Psychosomatic Research. 61(4). pp. 515-520, 2006
  • Biddle S.J., & Mutrie N., Psychology Of Physical Activity: Determinants, Well-Being And İnterventions. Routledge, 2007
  • Brunet J., & Sabiston C.M., “Social Physique Anxiety
  • And Physical Activity: A Self-Determination Theory Perspective” Psychology of Sport and Exercise. 10.pp. 329-335, 2009
  • Budak S., Psikoloji Sözlüğü. Ankara: Bilim ve Sanat Yayınları, 2000.
  • Cengiz C., Aşçı F.H., & İnce M.L., “Egzersiz Davranışı
  • Değişim Basamakları Anketi: Geçerlik Ve Güvenirlik Çalışması” 10. Uluslararası Spor Bilimleri Kongresi Bildiri Kitapçığı. pp.498-500, 2008
  • Çankaya Z.C., “Öz-belirleme Modeli: Özerklik Desteği
  • İhtiyaç Doyumu ve İyi Olma” Gazi Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Danışmanlık Anabilim Dalı Doktora Tezi, 2005 Rehberlik ve Psikolojik
  • Daley A., & Duda J.L., “Self-Determination, Stage Of
  • Readiness To Change For Exercise, And Frequency Of Physical Activity İn Young People” European Journal of Sport Science. 6. pp. 231-243, 2006
  • Deci E., & Ryan R., Intrinsic Motivation and Self- Determination in Human Behavior, New York: Plenum Press, 1985
  • Deci E., Connell J.. & Ryan R., “Selfdetermination in a
  • Work Organization” Journal of Applied Psychology. 74 (4). pp.580-590, 1989
  • Deci E.L.& Ryan R.M., Handbook of self-determination research. Rochester, NY: University of Rochester Press. 2002
  • Deci E.L., & Ryan R.M., “The ‘what’ and ‘why’ of goal
  • pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior” Psychological Inquiry.11.pp.227–268, 2000
  • Diener E., Wirtz D., Tov W., Kim-Prieto C., Choi D.W., Oishi S., & Biswas-Diener R., “New Well-Being Measures: Short Scales To Assess Flourishing And Positive And Negative Feelings” Social Indicators Research. 97(2).pp.143-156, 2010
  • Edmunds J., Ntoumanis N., & Duda J.L., “Adherence
  • and well-being in overweight and obese patients referred to an exercise on prescription scheme: A self- determination theory perspective” Psychology of Sport & Exercise. 8.pp. 722–740, 2006
  • Farmanbar R., Niknami S., Lubans D.R., & Hidarnia A. “Predicting Exercise Behaviour İn Iranian College Students: Utility Of An İntegrated Model Of Health Behaviour Based On The Transtheoretical Model And Self-Determination Journal. 72(1). pp. 56-69, 2013 Frederick C.M., & Ryan R.M., “Differences İn Motivation For Sport And Exercise And Their Relations With Participation And Mental Health” Journal of Sport Behaviour. 16. pp. 124–145, 1993 Education
  • Frederick C.M., Morrison C., & Manning T., “Motivation
  • To Participate Exercise Affect And Outcome Behaviors Toward Physical Activity” Perceptual and Motor Skills. 82. pp. 691-701, 1996
  • Gagne M., Ryan R.M., & Bargmann K., “Autonomy
  • Support And Need Satisfaction İn The Motivation And Wellbeing Of Gymnasts” Journal of Applied Sport Psychology. 15. pp.372–389, 2003
  • Ingledew D.K.I., Markland D., & Medley A., “Exercise Motives and Stages of Change” Journal of Health Psychology. 3. pp. 477-489, 1998
  • Keyes C.L., Shmotkin D., & Ryff C.D., “Optimizing well-being: the empirical encounter of two traditions” Journal Of Personality And Social Psychology. 82(6).pp. 1007, 2002
  • Kingston K.M., Horrocks C.S. & Hanton S., “Do
  • Multidimensional İntrinsic And Extrinsic Motivation Profiles Discriminate Between Athlete Scholarship Status And Gender?” European Journal Of Sport Science. 6(1).pp.53-63, 2006
  • Landry J.B., & Solmon M.A., “African American Women's Self-Determination Across The Stages Of Change For Exercise” Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology. 26. pp. 457-469, 2004
  • Lewis M., Sutton A., “Understanding exercise
  • behaviour: Examining the interaction of exercise motivation and personality in predicting exercise frequency” Journal of Sport Behavior.34(1).pp.82-97, 2011
  • Losier G.F., & Vallerand R.J., “The temporal
  • relationship between perceived competence and self- determined motivation” Journal of Social Psychology. 134. pp.793-801, 1994
  • Marcus B.H., & Lewis B.A., “Physical Activity and the
  • Stages of Motivational Readiness for Change Model” President's Council on Physical Fitness and Sports Research Digest, 2003
  • Markland D., & Tobin V.J., “Need support and
  • behavioural regulations for exercise among exercise referral scheme clients: The mediating role of psychological need satisfaction” Psychology of Sport and Exercise.11.pp. 91-99, 2010
  • Markland D., “Self-determination moderates the
  • effects of perceived competence on intrinsic motivation in an exercise setting” Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology. 21(4).pp.351-361,1999
  • Mullan E., & Markland D., Variations İn Self
  • Determination Across The Stages Of Change For Exercise İn Adults, Motivation and Emotion, 21. pp. 349-362, 1997
  • Network C.R., “A Countryside For Health And
  • Wellbeing: The Physical And Mental Health Benefits Of Green Exercise” Public Health, 2015
  • Ntoumani C.T., & Ntoumanis N., “The role of self
  • determined motivation in the understanding of exercise-related behaviours, cognitions and physical self-evaluations” Journal of Sports Sciences. 24(4), pp.393-404. 2006
  • Özer G., “Öz-Belirleme Kuramı Çerçevesinde İhtiyaç
  • Doyumu, İçsel Güdülenme Ve Bağlanma Stillerinin Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Öznel İyi Oluşlarına Etkileri” Gazi Üniversitesi, Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Eğitim Bilimleri ABD., Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 2009
  • Rose E.A., Parfitt G., & Williams S., “Exercise
  • Causality Orientations, Behavioural Regulation For Exercise And Stage Of Change For Exercise: Exploring Their Relationships” Psychology of Sport and Exercise. 6. pp. 399-414, 2005
  • Ryan R.M., & Deci E.L., “A Self-Determination Theory
  • Approach To Psychotherapy: The Motivational Basis For Psychology/Psychologie Canadienne. 49(3).pp.186, 2008 Change” Canadian
  • Ryan R.M., Frederick C.M., Lepes D., Rubio N., & Sheldon, K.M., “Intrinsic Motivation And Exercise Adherence” International Journal of Sport Psychology. 28.pp.335-354, 1997
  • Ryan R.R., & Deci E.L., “Self-Determination Theory
  • and the Facilitation of Intrinsic Motivation, Social Development, Psychologist. 55.pp. 68-78, 2000 Well-Being” American
  • Standage M., Duda J.L., & Ntoumanis N. “Predicting
  • Motivational Regulations İn Physical Education: The İnterplay Between Dispositional Goal Orientations Motivational, Climate And Perceived Competence” Journal of Sports Sciences. 21. pp. 631–647, 2003
  • Teixeira P.J., Carraça E.V., Markland D., Silva M.N.
  • & Ryan R.M., “Exercise, Physical Activity, And Self- Theory: Determination Review” International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity. 9(1). pp.78, 2012 Systematic
  • Telef B.B., “Psikolojik İyi Oluş Ölçeği: Türkçeye Uyarlama, Geçerlik Ve Güvenirlik Çalışması” Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi. 28.pp.28-3, 2013
  • Vallerand R.J., “Deci And Ryan's Self-Determination
  • Theory: A View From The Hierarchical Model Of İntrinsic And Extrinsic Motivation” Psychological Inquiry. 11(4). Pp. 312-318, 2000 Vlachopoulos S.P., & Michailidou S., “Development and initial validation of a measure of autonomy, competence, and relatedness in exercise: The Basic Psychological Needs in Exercise Scale” Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science. 10. pp.179-201, 2006
  • Vlachopoulos S.P., Asci F.H., Cid L., Ersoz G., González-Cutre D., Moreno-Murcia J.A., & Moutão J., “Cross-Cultural İnvariance Of The Basic Psychological Needs İn Exercise Scale And Need Satisfaction Latent Mean Portuguese And Turkish Samples” Psychology of Sport and Exercise. 14(5).pp.622-631, 2013 Spanish
  • Wilson P.M., & Rodgers W.M., “The Relationship
  • Between Exercise Motives And Physical Self-Esteem İn Female Exercise Participants: An Application Of Self-Determination Theory” Journal of Applied Biobehavioral Research. 7. pp. 30-43, 2002
  • Wilson P.M., & Rodgers W.M., “The Relationship Between Perceived Autonomy Support, Exercise Regulations And Behavioural İntentions İn Women” Psychology of Sport and Exercise. 5 pp.229–242, 2004
  • Wilson P.M., Rogers W.T., Rodgers W.M., & Wild T.C., “The Psychological Need Satisfaction in Exercise Scale” Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology. 28.pp. 231-251, 2006
  • Wininger S.R., “Self-Determination Theory and Exercise An Psychometric Properties of the Exercise Motivation Scale” Journal of Applied Sport Psychology. 19. pp. 471-486, 2007 Examination of the

A SELF–DETERMINATION THEORY APPROACH TO MOTIVATIONAL ORIENTATİONS, BASIC NEEDS SATISFACTION AND PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL–BEING IN EXERCISE

Yıl 2016, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 2, 306 - 317, 01.08.2016

Öz

The aim of this study was to determine motivational orientations, basic need satisfaction in exercise and psychological well-beingin in the Self–Determination Theory approach. 387 university students who exercise regularly nmale=206; age=25.01±5.82 and nfemale=181; age=28.38±7.48 participated to this study. Behavioral Regulations in Exercise Questionnaire-2 BREQ-2 , Psychological Need Satisfaction in Exercise Questionnaire PNSE , Psychological Well-Being Scale PWBS and Physical Activity Stages of Change Questionnaire PASCQ were administered to participants. According to the findings significant difference has been found in motivational orientations and basic needs satisfaction for gender. In addition, results indicated significant differences in the motivational orientation, basic needs satisfaction in exercise and psychological well-being with regard to stage of change in exercise. The significant positive correlations were observed between all subscales of BREQ-2 and PNSE and psychological well-being, while negative correlations have observed between amotivation and psychological well-being. In a summary the findings demonstrated that males were motivated to exercise with introjected and extrinsic reasons and they report higher competence compared with females. In addition, exercise participants in the latter stage reported higher lower external regulation scores than participants in the early stage. And participants in the maintenance stage reported higher competence, autonomy, relatedness and psychological well-being scores than those in the early stages of change. The results illustrate the importance of promoting self-determined motivation and basic needs satisfaction in exercisers to foster their exercise behavior. Satisfaction of all three needs and motivational orientations is positive associated with psychological well–being

Kaynakça

  • Annesi J.J., “Relations Of Physical Self-Concept And
  • Self-Efficacy With Frequency Of Voluntary Physical Activity İn Preadolescents: Implications For After- School Care Programming” Journal of Psychosomatic Research. 61(4). pp. 515-520, 2006
  • Biddle S.J., & Mutrie N., Psychology Of Physical Activity: Determinants, Well-Being And İnterventions. Routledge, 2007
  • Brunet J., & Sabiston C.M., “Social Physique Anxiety
  • And Physical Activity: A Self-Determination Theory Perspective” Psychology of Sport and Exercise. 10.pp. 329-335, 2009
  • Budak S., Psikoloji Sözlüğü. Ankara: Bilim ve Sanat Yayınları, 2000.
  • Cengiz C., Aşçı F.H., & İnce M.L., “Egzersiz Davranışı
  • Değişim Basamakları Anketi: Geçerlik Ve Güvenirlik Çalışması” 10. Uluslararası Spor Bilimleri Kongresi Bildiri Kitapçığı. pp.498-500, 2008
  • Çankaya Z.C., “Öz-belirleme Modeli: Özerklik Desteği
  • İhtiyaç Doyumu ve İyi Olma” Gazi Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Danışmanlık Anabilim Dalı Doktora Tezi, 2005 Rehberlik ve Psikolojik
  • Daley A., & Duda J.L., “Self-Determination, Stage Of
  • Readiness To Change For Exercise, And Frequency Of Physical Activity İn Young People” European Journal of Sport Science. 6. pp. 231-243, 2006
  • Deci E., & Ryan R., Intrinsic Motivation and Self- Determination in Human Behavior, New York: Plenum Press, 1985
  • Deci E., Connell J.. & Ryan R., “Selfdetermination in a
  • Work Organization” Journal of Applied Psychology. 74 (4). pp.580-590, 1989
  • Deci E.L.& Ryan R.M., Handbook of self-determination research. Rochester, NY: University of Rochester Press. 2002
  • Deci E.L., & Ryan R.M., “The ‘what’ and ‘why’ of goal
  • pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior” Psychological Inquiry.11.pp.227–268, 2000
  • Diener E., Wirtz D., Tov W., Kim-Prieto C., Choi D.W., Oishi S., & Biswas-Diener R., “New Well-Being Measures: Short Scales To Assess Flourishing And Positive And Negative Feelings” Social Indicators Research. 97(2).pp.143-156, 2010
  • Edmunds J., Ntoumanis N., & Duda J.L., “Adherence
  • and well-being in overweight and obese patients referred to an exercise on prescription scheme: A self- determination theory perspective” Psychology of Sport & Exercise. 8.pp. 722–740, 2006
  • Farmanbar R., Niknami S., Lubans D.R., & Hidarnia A. “Predicting Exercise Behaviour İn Iranian College Students: Utility Of An İntegrated Model Of Health Behaviour Based On The Transtheoretical Model And Self-Determination Journal. 72(1). pp. 56-69, 2013 Frederick C.M., & Ryan R.M., “Differences İn Motivation For Sport And Exercise And Their Relations With Participation And Mental Health” Journal of Sport Behaviour. 16. pp. 124–145, 1993 Education
  • Frederick C.M., Morrison C., & Manning T., “Motivation
  • To Participate Exercise Affect And Outcome Behaviors Toward Physical Activity” Perceptual and Motor Skills. 82. pp. 691-701, 1996
  • Gagne M., Ryan R.M., & Bargmann K., “Autonomy
  • Support And Need Satisfaction İn The Motivation And Wellbeing Of Gymnasts” Journal of Applied Sport Psychology. 15. pp.372–389, 2003
  • Ingledew D.K.I., Markland D., & Medley A., “Exercise Motives and Stages of Change” Journal of Health Psychology. 3. pp. 477-489, 1998
  • Keyes C.L., Shmotkin D., & Ryff C.D., “Optimizing well-being: the empirical encounter of two traditions” Journal Of Personality And Social Psychology. 82(6).pp. 1007, 2002
  • Kingston K.M., Horrocks C.S. & Hanton S., “Do
  • Multidimensional İntrinsic And Extrinsic Motivation Profiles Discriminate Between Athlete Scholarship Status And Gender?” European Journal Of Sport Science. 6(1).pp.53-63, 2006
  • Landry J.B., & Solmon M.A., “African American Women's Self-Determination Across The Stages Of Change For Exercise” Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology. 26. pp. 457-469, 2004
  • Lewis M., Sutton A., “Understanding exercise
  • behaviour: Examining the interaction of exercise motivation and personality in predicting exercise frequency” Journal of Sport Behavior.34(1).pp.82-97, 2011
  • Losier G.F., & Vallerand R.J., “The temporal
  • relationship between perceived competence and self- determined motivation” Journal of Social Psychology. 134. pp.793-801, 1994
  • Marcus B.H., & Lewis B.A., “Physical Activity and the
  • Stages of Motivational Readiness for Change Model” President's Council on Physical Fitness and Sports Research Digest, 2003
  • Markland D., & Tobin V.J., “Need support and
  • behavioural regulations for exercise among exercise referral scheme clients: The mediating role of psychological need satisfaction” Psychology of Sport and Exercise.11.pp. 91-99, 2010
  • Markland D., “Self-determination moderates the
  • effects of perceived competence on intrinsic motivation in an exercise setting” Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology. 21(4).pp.351-361,1999
  • Mullan E., & Markland D., Variations İn Self
  • Determination Across The Stages Of Change For Exercise İn Adults, Motivation and Emotion, 21. pp. 349-362, 1997
  • Network C.R., “A Countryside For Health And
  • Wellbeing: The Physical And Mental Health Benefits Of Green Exercise” Public Health, 2015
  • Ntoumani C.T., & Ntoumanis N., “The role of self
  • determined motivation in the understanding of exercise-related behaviours, cognitions and physical self-evaluations” Journal of Sports Sciences. 24(4), pp.393-404. 2006
  • Özer G., “Öz-Belirleme Kuramı Çerçevesinde İhtiyaç
  • Doyumu, İçsel Güdülenme Ve Bağlanma Stillerinin Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Öznel İyi Oluşlarına Etkileri” Gazi Üniversitesi, Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Eğitim Bilimleri ABD., Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 2009
  • Rose E.A., Parfitt G., & Williams S., “Exercise
  • Causality Orientations, Behavioural Regulation For Exercise And Stage Of Change For Exercise: Exploring Their Relationships” Psychology of Sport and Exercise. 6. pp. 399-414, 2005
  • Ryan R.M., & Deci E.L., “A Self-Determination Theory
  • Approach To Psychotherapy: The Motivational Basis For Psychology/Psychologie Canadienne. 49(3).pp.186, 2008 Change” Canadian
  • Ryan R.M., Frederick C.M., Lepes D., Rubio N., & Sheldon, K.M., “Intrinsic Motivation And Exercise Adherence” International Journal of Sport Psychology. 28.pp.335-354, 1997
  • Ryan R.R., & Deci E.L., “Self-Determination Theory
  • and the Facilitation of Intrinsic Motivation, Social Development, Psychologist. 55.pp. 68-78, 2000 Well-Being” American
  • Standage M., Duda J.L., & Ntoumanis N. “Predicting
  • Motivational Regulations İn Physical Education: The İnterplay Between Dispositional Goal Orientations Motivational, Climate And Perceived Competence” Journal of Sports Sciences. 21. pp. 631–647, 2003
  • Teixeira P.J., Carraça E.V., Markland D., Silva M.N.
  • & Ryan R.M., “Exercise, Physical Activity, And Self- Theory: Determination Review” International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity. 9(1). pp.78, 2012 Systematic
  • Telef B.B., “Psikolojik İyi Oluş Ölçeği: Türkçeye Uyarlama, Geçerlik Ve Güvenirlik Çalışması” Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi. 28.pp.28-3, 2013
  • Vallerand R.J., “Deci And Ryan's Self-Determination
  • Theory: A View From The Hierarchical Model Of İntrinsic And Extrinsic Motivation” Psychological Inquiry. 11(4). Pp. 312-318, 2000 Vlachopoulos S.P., & Michailidou S., “Development and initial validation of a measure of autonomy, competence, and relatedness in exercise: The Basic Psychological Needs in Exercise Scale” Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science. 10. pp.179-201, 2006
  • Vlachopoulos S.P., Asci F.H., Cid L., Ersoz G., González-Cutre D., Moreno-Murcia J.A., & Moutão J., “Cross-Cultural İnvariance Of The Basic Psychological Needs İn Exercise Scale And Need Satisfaction Latent Mean Portuguese And Turkish Samples” Psychology of Sport and Exercise. 14(5).pp.622-631, 2013 Spanish
  • Wilson P.M., & Rodgers W.M., “The Relationship
  • Between Exercise Motives And Physical Self-Esteem İn Female Exercise Participants: An Application Of Self-Determination Theory” Journal of Applied Biobehavioral Research. 7. pp. 30-43, 2002
  • Wilson P.M., & Rodgers W.M., “The Relationship Between Perceived Autonomy Support, Exercise Regulations And Behavioural İntentions İn Women” Psychology of Sport and Exercise. 5 pp.229–242, 2004
  • Wilson P.M., Rogers W.T., Rodgers W.M., & Wild T.C., “The Psychological Need Satisfaction in Exercise Scale” Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology. 28.pp. 231-251, 2006
  • Wininger S.R., “Self-Determination Theory and Exercise An Psychometric Properties of the Exercise Motivation Scale” Journal of Applied Sport Psychology. 19. pp. 471-486, 2007 Examination of the
Toplam 69 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Research Article
Yazarlar

Gözde Ersöz Bu kişi benim

Murat Özşaker Bu kişi benim

Selman Sasur Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Ağustos 2016
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2016 Cilt: 10 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Ersöz, G., Özşaker, M., & Sasur, S. (2016). A SELF–DETERMINATION THEORY APPROACH TO MOTIVATIONAL ORIENTATİONS, BASIC NEEDS SATISFACTION AND PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL–BEING IN EXERCISE. Beden Eğitimi Ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 10(2), 306-317.

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