BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

ZIHINSEL ENGELLI ÇOCUKLARDA DÜZENLI OLARAK YAPILAN BEDEN EĞITIMI VE SPOR AKTIVITELERININ YAŞAM KALITESINE ETKISININ INCELENMESİ

Yıl 2013, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1, 1 - 8, 01.04.2013

Öz

Bu araştırmanın amacı, zihinsel engelli çocuklarda düzenli olarak yapılan beden eğitimi ve spor aktivitelerinin yaşam kalitesine etkisini incelemektir. Araştırma grubu , “mental retardation” tanısı alan WISC-R testi sonuçlarına göre zekâ bölümleri 50–70 8-12 yaş aralığında olan 145 çocuktur. Araştırma, öntest-sontest kontrol gruplu deneme modelinde desenlenmiştir. Araştırmaya katılan çocuklar iki gruba ayrılmıştır. Uygulama grubu n=88 38 kız, 50 erkek , kontrol grubu ise n=57 26 kız, 31 erkek çocuktan oluşturulmuştur. Uygulama grubuna haftada 2 gün, birer saat, içerik olarak; ısınma hareketleri, işlevsel egzersizler bireysel, eşli, grup stafet, istasyon parkurları ve sportif oyunlar eşli, yardımlaşmalı, grup yarışmaları ve kurallı oyunlar bölümlerinden oluşan özel beden eğitimi programı uygulanmıştır. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak “Çocuklar İçin Yaşam Kalitesi Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Uygulama programının başlangıcında ve sonunda çocukların annelerinden toplanan veriler gruplar bazında karşılaştırılmıştır. Verileri analizinde bağımlı ve bağımsız t testlerine başvurulmuştur.Sonuç olarak uygulama grubunda yer alan ve düzenli beden eğitimi ve spor etkinliklerine katılan çocukların yaşam kalitesi genel skorlarında ve tüm alt boyutlarda kontrol grubuna göre artan bir fark olduğu bulunmuştur. Fakat gruplararası fark anlamlı değildir P≥0.05 . Uygulama grubunun program sonrasında “Fiziksel Sağlık” alt boyutunda, program öncesindeki düzeyine göre anlamlı şekilde P≤0.05 bir artış olduğu bulunmuştur.

Kaynakça

  • Addington, H.J., Kalra, L., 2001, Who should measure quality of life? British Medical Journal, 322, 1417-1420.
  • Baron, L.J., Faubertb, C., 2005, The role of Tai Chi Chuan in reducing state anxiety and enhancing mood of children with special needs, Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies. 9 (2), 120-133.
  • Bek, N., 2008, Physical Activity and Health, Physical Activity Information Series, Ministry of Health publications No: 730, Ankara
  • Bowling, A., 1997, Measurıng health: a revıew of qualıty of lıfe measurement scales, Open University Press, Buckingham.
  • Çamlıyer, H., 1995, Eğitilebilir zeka düzeyindeki çocuklarda hareket eğitiminin algısal gelişim düzeylerine etkileri, Akdeniz Üniversitesi Uluslararası Engellilerde Spor Eğitimi Sempozyumu Bildirisi. 26-28 Ekim. Antalya.(In Turkis)
  • Carmelı, E., Zinger-Vaknin, T., Morad, M., Merrick, J., 2005, Can physical training have an effect on well- being in adults with mild intellectual disability? Mechanizm of Ageing Development, 126(2): 299-304.
  • Chiang, T., 2003, Effects of a therapeutic recreation intervention within a technology-based physical activity context on the social interaction of male youth with autism spectrum disorders , D.A., Indiana University.
  • Chou, Y.C., Schalock, R.L., Tzou, P.Y., Lin, L.C., Chang, A.L., Lee, W.P., Chang, S.C. 2007, Quality of life of adults with intellectual disabilities who live with families in Taiwan, J Intellect Disabil Res, 51(11):875-83.
  • Danckaerts, M., Sonuga-Barke, E.J., Banaschewskı, T,, Buıtelaar, J., Döpfner, M., Hollıs, C., Santosh, P., Rothenberger, A., Sergeant, J., Steınhausen, H.C., Taylor, E., Zuddas, A., Coghıll, D., 2010, The quality of life of children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a systematic review. Eur. Child. Adolesc. Psychiatry, 19 (2): 83-105
  • Dunn, J.M., Fait, H., 1997, Special Physical Education: Adapted, individualized, developmental, Iowa Dubuque Brown& Benchmark.
  • Edelman, C., Mandle, C.L., 2006, Health promotion throughout the life span. 6th ed. Mosby Elsevier.
  • Eichsteadt, C.B., Lavay, B.W., 1995, Physical Activity for Individuals with Metal Retardation, Champaign, Illinois: Human Kinetics.
  • Fidaner, H., Elbi, H., Fidaner, C., Eser, Y.S., Eser, E., Göker, E., 1999, Yaşam kalitesinin ölçülmesi, Psikiyatri, Psikoloji, Psikofarmakoloji Dergisi, 7:5-13.(In Turkis)
  • Gençöz, F., 1997, The Effects Of Basketball Training On The Maadaptive Behaviours Of Trainable Mentally Retarded Children, Research İn Developmental Disabilities, 18:1-8.
  • Guyatt, G.H., Naylor, C.D., Juniper, E., Heyland, D., Jaeschke, R., Cook, D., 1997, How to use articles about health-related quality of life, Journal of the American Medical Association, 277, 1232-1237.
  • Hays, R.D., Vıckrey, B.G., Hermann, B.P., Perrıne, K., Cramer, J., Meador, K., Sprıtzer, K. Devınsky, O., 1995, Agreement between self reports and proxy reports of quality of life in epilepsy patients, Quality of life research, 4(2): 159-168.
  • Hıggınson, I., Carr, A., Robınson, P., 2002, Quality of Life, BMJ Books, London
  • İkizler, H.C., 2002, Sport Health and Motivation, Alfa Publications, Istanbul.
  • İlhan, “L., 2007, Eğitilebilir zihinsel engelli çocuklarda beden eğitimi ve spor aktivitelerinin ruhsal uyum düzeylerine etkisi, Doktora Tezi, Gazi Üniversitesi, Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara. (In Turkis)
  • İlhan, L., 2008, Eğitilebilir Zihinsel Engelli Çocuklarda Beden Eğitimi ve Sporun Sosyalleşme Düzeylerine Etkisi. Kastamonu Eğitim Dergisi. 16(1), 315-324. (In Turkis)
  • İlhan, L., 2009, Evaluating the conscious levels of parents on the effects of physical education and sport activities on their handicapped children during special education, Nigde University Journal of Physical Education And Sport Sciences, 3(1):38-48.
  • Kınalı, G., 2003, Zihin Engellilerde Beden - Resim - Müzik Eğitimi. Farklı Gelişen Çocuklar. (Ed: A. Kulaksızoğlu), Epsilon Yayınları, İstanbul.(In Turkis)
  • Koukouvou, G., Kouidi, E., Iacovides, A., Konstantinidou, E., Kaprinis, G., Deligiannis, A., 2004, Quality of life, psychological and physiological changes following exercise training in patients with chronic heart failure, Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, 36(1):36-41.
  • Krebs, P. (2005). Adapted Physical Education and Sport, (Ed:Winnick,J.), Chapter 11. Intellectual Disabilities, Human Kinetics. New York.
  • Li, W.C., Chen, Y.C., Yang, R.S., Tsauo, J.Y., 2009, Effects of exercise programmes on quality of life in osteoporotic and osteopenic postmenopausal women: a systematic review and meta-analysis, Clinical Rehabilitation, 23(10): 888–896.
  • Mcmahon, D.J., 1998, Social acceptance of children with developmental handicaps in integrated daycamps , University of Toronto (Canada).
  • Memik-Çakın, N., Ağaoğlu, B., Coşkun, A., Karakaya, I., 2008, Çocuklar için Yaşam Kalitesi Ölçeğinin 8-12 Yaş Çocuk Formunun Geçerlik ve Güvenirliği, Çocuk ve Gençlik Ruh Sağlığı Dergisi, 15(2):87-98. (In Turkis)
  • Memik-Çakın, N., Ağaoğlu, B., Coşkun, A., Üneri, Ö.Ş., Karakaya, I., 2007, Çocuklar için Yaşam Kalitesi Ölçeğinin 13-18 Yaş Ergen Formunun Geçerlik ve Güvenirliği, Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi 18(4):353-363 .(In Turkis)
  • Mugno, D., Ruta, L., D’arrigo V.G., Mazzone, L. 2007, Impairment of quality of life in parents of children and adolescents with pervasive developmental disorder, Health Quality of Life Outcomes, 27 (5):1-9.
  • Özer, D.,2001, Engelliler İçin Beden Eğitimi ve Spor, Nobel Yayınları, Ankara.
  • Özvarış, B.S., 2001, Health Educatıon and Health Development. Hacettepe Public Health Foundation Press. Ankara.
  • Pekcan, G., 2009, Health Protection and Promotion: Healthy Nutrition and Lifestyle Strategies, Physical Activity Nutrition and Health Congress, 20-22 November 2009. Başkent University, Ankara, Turkey.
  • Savucu, Y., Biçer S.Y., 2009, Zihinsel engellilerde fiziksel aktivitelerin önemi, Türkiye Klinikleri Journal Of Sport Science, 1(2), 117-122.
  • SAXENA, S., ORLEY, J. 1997, Quality of life assesment: The World Health Organization perspective, Eur Psychiatry, 12(3): 263-266.
  • Uneri, O.S., Agaoglu, B., Coskun, A., Memik, N.C., 2008, Validity and reliability of Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory for 2- to 4-year-old and 5- to 7-year-old Turkish children, Qual. Life. Res., 17(2):307-315.
  • Valentı, M., Porzıo, G., Aıellı, F., Verna, L., Cannıta, K., Manno, R., Masedu, F., Marchettı, P., Fıcorella, C., 2008, Physical Exercise and Quality of Life in Breast Cancer Survivors, Int J Med Sci., 5(1):24-28
  • Varni, J.W., Seid, M., Rode, A.C., 1999, The PedsQLTM : The measurement model for the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory, Med Care, 37(2):126-139.
  • Yee Lim, M.S., Wong, C.P., 2009, Impact of cerebral palsy on the quality of life in patients and their families, Neurology Asia, 14:27-33.

THE EFFECT OF SPECIAL PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND SPORTS PROGRAM ON THE QUALITY OF LIFE OF THE CHILDREN WITH MENTAL RETARDATION

Yıl 2013, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1, 1 - 8, 01.04.2013

Öz

The aim of the present research was to assess the effect of special physical educationand sports activities done regularly on the quality of life of the children with mental retardation.The research group was consisted of 145 children aged between 8 and 12 whose diagnosiswere “mental retardation” according to the results of WISC-R tests and IQ between 50 and70 . The research was designed in pretest-posttest model with control group. The practicegroup was consisted of 88 children 38 girls, 50 boys while control group was composed of57 children 26 girls, 31 boys . As the contents; a special physical education programconsisting of warm-up exercises, functional exercises individual, paired, group staffed,station-race courses and sports games paired, types of helping each other, groupcompetitions and games with rules was applied to the practice group for 2 days a week and 1hour each day. Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory PedsQL was used as a data collectinginstrument. The data collected at the beginning and at the end of the practice program asgroup based with the evaluations of the mothers of the children were compared. Independentsample t test was used for the independent comparisons while “paired sample t test” wasused for the dependent comparisons.As a result, it was found out that -compared to the control group- there was anincreased difference in the general scores and scores of the all subscales of the quality of lifeof the children who were in the practice group and did physical education and sports activitiesregularly. However, the difference between the groups was not significant P>0.05 . “PhysicalHealth” subscale of the practice group increased significantly after the program compared tobefore-program period P

Kaynakça

  • Addington, H.J., Kalra, L., 2001, Who should measure quality of life? British Medical Journal, 322, 1417-1420.
  • Baron, L.J., Faubertb, C., 2005, The role of Tai Chi Chuan in reducing state anxiety and enhancing mood of children with special needs, Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies. 9 (2), 120-133.
  • Bek, N., 2008, Physical Activity and Health, Physical Activity Information Series, Ministry of Health publications No: 730, Ankara
  • Bowling, A., 1997, Measurıng health: a revıew of qualıty of lıfe measurement scales, Open University Press, Buckingham.
  • Çamlıyer, H., 1995, Eğitilebilir zeka düzeyindeki çocuklarda hareket eğitiminin algısal gelişim düzeylerine etkileri, Akdeniz Üniversitesi Uluslararası Engellilerde Spor Eğitimi Sempozyumu Bildirisi. 26-28 Ekim. Antalya.(In Turkis)
  • Carmelı, E., Zinger-Vaknin, T., Morad, M., Merrick, J., 2005, Can physical training have an effect on well- being in adults with mild intellectual disability? Mechanizm of Ageing Development, 126(2): 299-304.
  • Chiang, T., 2003, Effects of a therapeutic recreation intervention within a technology-based physical activity context on the social interaction of male youth with autism spectrum disorders , D.A., Indiana University.
  • Chou, Y.C., Schalock, R.L., Tzou, P.Y., Lin, L.C., Chang, A.L., Lee, W.P., Chang, S.C. 2007, Quality of life of adults with intellectual disabilities who live with families in Taiwan, J Intellect Disabil Res, 51(11):875-83.
  • Danckaerts, M., Sonuga-Barke, E.J., Banaschewskı, T,, Buıtelaar, J., Döpfner, M., Hollıs, C., Santosh, P., Rothenberger, A., Sergeant, J., Steınhausen, H.C., Taylor, E., Zuddas, A., Coghıll, D., 2010, The quality of life of children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a systematic review. Eur. Child. Adolesc. Psychiatry, 19 (2): 83-105
  • Dunn, J.M., Fait, H., 1997, Special Physical Education: Adapted, individualized, developmental, Iowa Dubuque Brown& Benchmark.
  • Edelman, C., Mandle, C.L., 2006, Health promotion throughout the life span. 6th ed. Mosby Elsevier.
  • Eichsteadt, C.B., Lavay, B.W., 1995, Physical Activity for Individuals with Metal Retardation, Champaign, Illinois: Human Kinetics.
  • Fidaner, H., Elbi, H., Fidaner, C., Eser, Y.S., Eser, E., Göker, E., 1999, Yaşam kalitesinin ölçülmesi, Psikiyatri, Psikoloji, Psikofarmakoloji Dergisi, 7:5-13.(In Turkis)
  • Gençöz, F., 1997, The Effects Of Basketball Training On The Maadaptive Behaviours Of Trainable Mentally Retarded Children, Research İn Developmental Disabilities, 18:1-8.
  • Guyatt, G.H., Naylor, C.D., Juniper, E., Heyland, D., Jaeschke, R., Cook, D., 1997, How to use articles about health-related quality of life, Journal of the American Medical Association, 277, 1232-1237.
  • Hays, R.D., Vıckrey, B.G., Hermann, B.P., Perrıne, K., Cramer, J., Meador, K., Sprıtzer, K. Devınsky, O., 1995, Agreement between self reports and proxy reports of quality of life in epilepsy patients, Quality of life research, 4(2): 159-168.
  • Hıggınson, I., Carr, A., Robınson, P., 2002, Quality of Life, BMJ Books, London
  • İkizler, H.C., 2002, Sport Health and Motivation, Alfa Publications, Istanbul.
  • İlhan, “L., 2007, Eğitilebilir zihinsel engelli çocuklarda beden eğitimi ve spor aktivitelerinin ruhsal uyum düzeylerine etkisi, Doktora Tezi, Gazi Üniversitesi, Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara. (In Turkis)
  • İlhan, L., 2008, Eğitilebilir Zihinsel Engelli Çocuklarda Beden Eğitimi ve Sporun Sosyalleşme Düzeylerine Etkisi. Kastamonu Eğitim Dergisi. 16(1), 315-324. (In Turkis)
  • İlhan, L., 2009, Evaluating the conscious levels of parents on the effects of physical education and sport activities on their handicapped children during special education, Nigde University Journal of Physical Education And Sport Sciences, 3(1):38-48.
  • Kınalı, G., 2003, Zihin Engellilerde Beden - Resim - Müzik Eğitimi. Farklı Gelişen Çocuklar. (Ed: A. Kulaksızoğlu), Epsilon Yayınları, İstanbul.(In Turkis)
  • Koukouvou, G., Kouidi, E., Iacovides, A., Konstantinidou, E., Kaprinis, G., Deligiannis, A., 2004, Quality of life, psychological and physiological changes following exercise training in patients with chronic heart failure, Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, 36(1):36-41.
  • Krebs, P. (2005). Adapted Physical Education and Sport, (Ed:Winnick,J.), Chapter 11. Intellectual Disabilities, Human Kinetics. New York.
  • Li, W.C., Chen, Y.C., Yang, R.S., Tsauo, J.Y., 2009, Effects of exercise programmes on quality of life in osteoporotic and osteopenic postmenopausal women: a systematic review and meta-analysis, Clinical Rehabilitation, 23(10): 888–896.
  • Mcmahon, D.J., 1998, Social acceptance of children with developmental handicaps in integrated daycamps , University of Toronto (Canada).
  • Memik-Çakın, N., Ağaoğlu, B., Coşkun, A., Karakaya, I., 2008, Çocuklar için Yaşam Kalitesi Ölçeğinin 8-12 Yaş Çocuk Formunun Geçerlik ve Güvenirliği, Çocuk ve Gençlik Ruh Sağlığı Dergisi, 15(2):87-98. (In Turkis)
  • Memik-Çakın, N., Ağaoğlu, B., Coşkun, A., Üneri, Ö.Ş., Karakaya, I., 2007, Çocuklar için Yaşam Kalitesi Ölçeğinin 13-18 Yaş Ergen Formunun Geçerlik ve Güvenirliği, Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi 18(4):353-363 .(In Turkis)
  • Mugno, D., Ruta, L., D’arrigo V.G., Mazzone, L. 2007, Impairment of quality of life in parents of children and adolescents with pervasive developmental disorder, Health Quality of Life Outcomes, 27 (5):1-9.
  • Özer, D.,2001, Engelliler İçin Beden Eğitimi ve Spor, Nobel Yayınları, Ankara.
  • Özvarış, B.S., 2001, Health Educatıon and Health Development. Hacettepe Public Health Foundation Press. Ankara.
  • Pekcan, G., 2009, Health Protection and Promotion: Healthy Nutrition and Lifestyle Strategies, Physical Activity Nutrition and Health Congress, 20-22 November 2009. Başkent University, Ankara, Turkey.
  • Savucu, Y., Biçer S.Y., 2009, Zihinsel engellilerde fiziksel aktivitelerin önemi, Türkiye Klinikleri Journal Of Sport Science, 1(2), 117-122.
  • SAXENA, S., ORLEY, J. 1997, Quality of life assesment: The World Health Organization perspective, Eur Psychiatry, 12(3): 263-266.
  • Uneri, O.S., Agaoglu, B., Coskun, A., Memik, N.C., 2008, Validity and reliability of Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory for 2- to 4-year-old and 5- to 7-year-old Turkish children, Qual. Life. Res., 17(2):307-315.
  • Valentı, M., Porzıo, G., Aıellı, F., Verna, L., Cannıta, K., Manno, R., Masedu, F., Marchettı, P., Fıcorella, C., 2008, Physical Exercise and Quality of Life in Breast Cancer Survivors, Int J Med Sci., 5(1):24-28
  • Varni, J.W., Seid, M., Rode, A.C., 1999, The PedsQLTM : The measurement model for the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory, Med Care, 37(2):126-139.
  • Yee Lim, M.S., Wong, C.P., 2009, Impact of cerebral palsy on the quality of life in patients and their families, Neurology Asia, 14:27-33.
Toplam 38 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Research Article
Yazarlar

Ekrem Levent Ilhan Bu kişi benim

Hüseyin Kırımoğlu Bu kişi benim

Gulsen Fılazoglu Cokluk Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Nisan 2013
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2013 Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Ilhan, E. L., Kırımoğlu, H., & Cokluk, G. F. (2013). THE EFFECT OF SPECIAL PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND SPORTS PROGRAM ON THE QUALITY OF LIFE OF THE CHILDREN WITH MENTAL RETARDATION. Beden Eğitimi Ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 7(1), 1-8.

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