Bir Atıksu Arıtma Tesisinin Suyun Sürdürülebilirliğine Katkısının Gri Su Ayak İzi İle Belirlenmesi

Öz

İnsan yaşamını destekleyen, gelişen ekonomi ve sağlıklı bir ekosistem için vazgeçilmez bir doğal kaynak olan suya, artan nüfus ve gelişmişlikle bağlantılı olarak daha fazla ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Tarımsal, endüstriyel su tüketiminin haricinde özellikle kentlerde evsel su tüketimi beraberinde daha fazla atık su üretilmesine neden olmaktadır. Dünyada, oluşan atık suların büyük bir oranı arıtılmadan alıcı ortama verilmektedir. Bu durum su kaynaklarının sürdürülebilirliği ve tatlı su taleplerinin sağlıklı ve yeterli düzeyde karşılanabilmesi üzerinde endişe oluşturmaktadır. Kentlerde suyun sürdürülebilir yönetiminin en önemli unsurlarından biri atık su arıtma tesisleridir. Atık su arıtma tesisleri (AAT)’nin suyun sürdürülebilirliğine katkısını ölçeklendirmenin yollarından biri su ayak izlerini hesaplamaktır. Bu çalışmada, Kuzey Doğu Anadolu Bölgesinde bir ilçede bulunan, evsel ve zaman zaman endüstriyel nitelikli atık suların arıtıldığı bir atık su arıtma tesisi için gri su ayak izi değerlendirmesi yapılmıştır. Gri su ayak iz, bir kirletici seviyesini alıcı ortam konsantrasyonlarına düşürmek için gerekli tatlı su hacmi olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Tesise ait 2023 yılı atık su biyokimyasal oksijen ihtiyacı (BOİ5), kimyasal oksijen ihtiyacı (KOİ) verileri dikkate alınarak, arıtılmaması ve arıtma yapılması durumları için gri su ayak izi değerleri aylık olarak Su Ayak İzi Ağı Metodolojisine göre değerlendirilmiştir. Arıtılmaması durumunda kirletici parametrelerin alıcı ortamda asimile olmaları için önemli miktarda tatlı su gerektiği görülmüştür. Birim atık su başına ortalama olarak BOİ5 giderimi ile 4,92 kat, KOİ giderimi ile 4,28 kat taze suyun asimile olmaktan korunduğu hesaplanmış ve bu hesaplamalarla AAT’nin su döngüsüne olan katkısı teyit edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Sürdürülebilir su yönetimi
• Su ayak izi
• Gri su ayak izi
• Atık su arıtma tesisleri

Determination of the Contribution of a Wastewater Treatment Plant to Water Sustainability through Grey Water Footprint

Öz

Water, an indispensable natural resource for human life, a developing economy and a healthy ecosystem, is needed more in connection with the increasing population and development. Agricultural and industrial water consumption, as well as domestic water consumption, particularly in cities, leads to increased wastewater production. A large portion of wastewater produced worldwide is discharged untreated into the receiving environment. This raises concerns about the sustainability of water resources and the ability to meet freshwater demand at a healthy and adequate level. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) are one of the most important elements of sustainable water management in cities. One way to measure the contribution of wastewater treatment plants to water sustainability is to calculate their water footprint. In this study, a greywater footprint assessment was conducted for a wastewater treatment plant located in a district in the Northeastern Anatolia Region, which treats domestic and occasionally industrial wastewater. The greywater footprint is defined as the volume of freshwater required to reduce pollutant levels to the concentrations in the receiving environment. Considering the plant's 2023 wastewater biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) data, greywater footprint values were assessed monthly according to the Water Footprint Network Methodology for both non-treated and treated conditions. It was determined that without treatment, a significant amount of freshwater is required for the assimilation of pollutant parameters into the receiving environment. On average, BOD5 removal was calculated to protect 4.92 times more freshwater from assimilation per unit of wastewater, while COD removal protected 4.28 times more freshwater from assimilation. These calculations confirm the contribution of WWTP to the water cycle.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Sustainable water management
• Water footprint
• Grey water footprint
• Wastewater treatment plant

Kaynakça

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